Pharmaceutical Provision Research Articles

Клініко-економічний аналіз стану фармацевтичного забезпечення хворих на гастроезофагеальну рефлюксну хворобу на тлі хронічного гастриту

Клініко-економічний аналіз стану фармацевтичного забезпечення хворих на гастроезофагеальну рефлюксну хворобу на тлі хронічного гастриту

Methodical principles of pharmaceutical provision of the prevention and treatment of nervous-mental disorders in conditions of an emergency situation of radiation origin

Methodical principles of pharmaceutical provision of the prevention and treatment of nervous-mental disorders in conditions of an emergency situation of radiation origin

Integrasi Program Pencegahan HIV/AIDS melalui Transmisi Seksual ke dalam Sistim Kesehatan di Kota Kupang

Background: HIV and AIDS prevention efforts in Indonesia could not be denied that it is still influenced by global health initiatives. As global initiatives continue to decline, efforts to integrate HIV and AIDS programs into the framework of the national health system are both challenges and hopes for achieving program effectiveness and sustainability. This study aims to explore how far the integration of HIV transmission program through sexual transmission into the health system contributes to the effectiveness of programs at the Kupang City level. Method: The method used in this research is qualitative analysis with case study design as an effort to understand more deeply the relationship between the integration and effectiveness of AIDS prevention program. In this study the 'case' chosen was HIV prevention programs through sexual transmission for Female Sex Workers. Results: The results of the study showed that in the prevention of HIV transmission programs through sexual transmission as many as five sub-systems of health were partially integrated, including sub-systems of management and regulation, health financing, human resource management, provision of pharmaceuticals and medical devices and sub-systems for community participation management, while the strategic information sub sub-system is not integrated in the health system. The integration of some sub-systems into the health system does not contribute to the effectiveness of the program. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen each sub-systim, especially in regions ranging from regulation, planning and budget including human resources to increase regional independence and not rely on foreign funds for the implementation of HIV prevention programs through sexual transmission, besides that it also increases collaboration with stakeholders.

Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Compounding Training in the Australian Undergraduate Pharmacy Curricula.

Introduction: In recent decades the role of the Australian community pharmacist has evolved to focus primarily on pharmaceutical care provision. Despite this, compounding remains an important product service offered by pharmacists. The aim of this study was to qualitatively describe the current integration of training in compounding within Bachelor of Pharmacy courses in Australia. Methods: The Australian Health Practitioner Regulatory Agency website was searched to identify eligible university courses. Subsequently, the educational providers’ homepages were consulted, and Bachelor of Pharmacy handbooks and curricula perused. All relevant information regarding training in compounding was extracted. Results: In total, 16 Bachelor of Pharmacy courses were identified. All of these contain compounding training in their curricula, including laboratory classes. Most curricula have units specifically dedicated to compounding and drug formulation. Three universities offer a curriculum which is organ-systems based, and include compounding relevant to the individual organ systems. Discussion and Conclusions: In Australia, the training in compounding is well integrated into pharmacy curriculum and is more emphasised than in many other developed countries. This is congruent with the International Pharmaceutical Federation’s needs-based approach to local pharmacy education. In Australia there is a need for pharmacists to routinely dispense simple compounded products. Further research is required to evaluate Australian pharmacy graduates’ compounding abilities and how best to promote the achievement of the required knowledge and skills to enable simple compounding.

Statutory regulation of subsidized pharmaceutical provision in Russian Federation

At present in the Russian Federation (the RF), an organized system of pharmaceutical provision of benefit-entitled citizens is used. With this, statutory regulation is under continuous improvement through adoption of new regulatory acts and amendments to already existing ones [1]. The basis of this process is equal opportunities and rights of all individuals for free provision with medical drugs. Nevertheless, there exist benefit-entitled categories of citizens for whom additional approaches to organization of pharmaceutical provision were adopted.
 Aim. Analysis of statutory regulation applicable to the existing benefit-entitled citizens.
 Conclusion. The established normative framework regulating pharmaceutical provision of benefit-entitled citizens both on the federal and regional levels, permits patients to receive the necessary life-saving medicinal therapy. With this, an obligatory condition for receiving such assistance is presence of a certain diagnosis or a certain social status. Far not all patients are included into the list of benefit-entitled citizens. Hence, the existing statutory regulation of healthcare requires further improvement.

Анализ лекарственного обеспечения населения сельских поселений Новосибирской области в период 2012–2020 гг.

Анализ лекарственного обеспечения населения сельских поселений Новосибирской области в период 2012–2020 гг.

Development of organizational and economic approaches to the analysis of efficiency of activities of pharmacy as subjects of insurance relations in national health care

Aim: to develop a set of organizational and economic approaches to analyzing the effectiveness of pharmacy institutions as important subjects of insurance relations in national health care.Materials and methods. The study used data from the regulatory framework governing the accounting and reporting system in pharmacies, as well as data from special literature. The historical, analytical-comparative, system, logical, hypothetical-deductive, mathematical-statistical methods of scientific search and cognition are used.Results. As a result of the conducted research, the main directions and four stages (preliminary, organizational, administrative, evaluated and effective, managerial) were justified in analyzing the effectiveness of pharmacy institutions in terms of introducing insurance relationships. An updated scorecard has been proposed, which contains 29 indicators, divided into two types depending on their content, the specifics of calculations and use in the analysis. The first type (8 indicators) were those that characterize the pharmacy insurance recipe. Use in the analysis of indicators of the second (21 indicators) types allow to evaluate the efficiency of the financial component in the insurance activities of pharmacies. When calculating the indicators can be used natural, cost and temporary accounting meters. The use of indicators describing the state of receivables of business entities in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population in the analysis of insurance activity of pharmacies is substantiated.Conclusions. The effective use of data from the analysis of insurance activities of pharmacies allows you to improve their social status in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population. An important direction of prospective studies is the rationing of indicators, taking into account the specifics of pharmacy activities, depending on their form of ownership and management in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine

Analysis of the dynamics of expenditures on pharmaceutical support of population in Ukraine, Belarus republic and in European Union

Aim: comparative analysis the dynamics of changes in the indices of expenditures (%) on pharmaceutical provision of population from total health expenditure at the macroeconomic level in Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus (RB) and the countries of the European Union (EU). Materials and methods. The studies used data from the World Health Organization and its Regional Office for Europe, as well as data from the legislative and regulatory framework regulating medical and pharmaceutical activities in Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus and the EU. Historical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, graphic, mathematical-statistical methods of scientific search and knowledge were used. Results. It has been established that in the group of reference countries, the expenditures indicator (%) for the pharmaceutical provision of the population from the total spending on health during the period of 1990-2015 fluctuated in a wide range of values. The largest range of values was typical for Belarus (from 3.2 % in 1992 to 29.8 % in 2015), and the smallest for the EU countries (from 16.7 % in 2011 to 18.8 % according to 2003 data). Analyzing the dynamics of changes in this indicator, it was established that there was a tendency towards its decline across the EU and Ukraine, while in Belarus, on the contrary, it was increasing. Thus, in 2015, this indicator increased by 2.5 times, compared with the base data in the 1990 analysis. By the average value in order of magnitude of the indicator that was analyzed, the reference countries were located as follows: Ukraine (10.82 %); RB (14.87 %); EU countries (17.88 %). Conclusions. A significant fluctuation in the values of expenditures (%) allocated for pharmaceutical provision of the population in total health expenditures in the group of countries that were studied was established. In addition, the unstable nature of changes in the indicator that was analyzed in Belarus indicates the need for further research in this direction.

ANALYSIS OF THE CREATION OF A MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN UKRAINE IN A RETROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONS

The effectiveness of the system of pharmaceutical supply to the population depends on the proper interaction of the state and market mechanisms for regulating the interests of all subjects of the pharmaceutical market for the implementation of the social policy of the state regarding the availability of quality and effective medicines for the population. In the context of healthcare reform, the issues of assessing the main stages of the development of the pharmaceutical supply system of the population become especially relevant. Aim. Determination of key, from organizational, economic and social points of view, stages of formation of the domestic system of pharmaceutical supply of the population, analysis of the main tendencies of its development in retrospect years. Materials and methods. The materials of the research were selected by the regulatory acts, the data of the specialized literature, certain aspects of activity of subjects of the pharmaceutical market, etc. Methods such as historical, informational-analytical, analytical-comparative, systemic, logical, hypothetical-deductive and generalization were used. Results. Based on the conducted research, five stages of the formation of the pharmaceutical supply system have been identified and outlined, which differ fundamentally across the range of criteria for analyzing effectiveness in building relationships between the state, civil society and the professional community. These stages were elaborated in accordance with the results of the analysis of the nature of relations between the authorities and society under the conditions of gradual transition from paternalistic to the elements of the patient-oriented model of medical and pharmaceutical services to the population: 1) 1990–1993; 2) 1994–2000; 3) 2001–2007; 4) 2008–2013; 5) from 2014 to the present. It has been proved that the stages of development of the domestic pharmaceutical supply system depend to a large extent on the nature of the influence of external environmental factors: changes of political elites in the country, global and internal financial crises, changes of priorities of the state development, breaking of social consciousness of the population against the background of political crisis, etc. It should be noted that the most important in terms of positive, first of all socio-economic, development characteristics is the fourth stage of formation (2008-2013) of the domestic system of pharmaceutical supply of the population. The last period (since 2014) is characterized by the existence of a crisis of relations between all subjects in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population against the background of systemic transformations in the state, strengthening of the role of public professional associations and critical raising of public expectations from the state regarding the organization of providing affordable medical care to the population. and pharmaceutical assistance in the face of mass impoverishment. Conclusion. The basic stages of the formation of the domestic pharmaceutical supply system are defined and their characteristics are envisaged, which allow to form in the future fundamentally new approaches to building rational, economically speaking, and simultaneously socially responsible relations between different subjects in the pharmaceutical market.

Overview of Brazilian Requirements for Therapeutic Equivalence of Orally Inhaled and Nasal Drug Products.

Brazil has established a framework for provision of generic pharmaceuticals including for orally inhaled and nasal drug products (OINDP) to its populace. This includes the development of guidelines or "resolutions" and normative instructions describing the Brazilian medicines agency's (Anvisa) expectations for demonstrating OINDP therapeutic equivalence. The Anvisa regulatory framework for OINDP therapeutic equivalence, challenges, and comparisons with the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approaches are assessed and discussed.

Analysis of the expenses on pharmaceutical provision of newborns in Ukraine

Aim. To analyze the expenses on pharmaceutical provision of newborns in Ukraine.Materials and Methods. Data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, the electronic database of the Morion information retrieval program and the price lists of the weekly “Pharmacy” as of December 15, 2018; logical, system-analytical, mathematical-statistical and comparative methods of analysis were used.Results. The analysis of the list of pharmaceutical provision for newborns has shown that it consists of approximately 80% of the parafarmaceutical products and 20% of medicines. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness and availability of pharmaceutical supply of newborns in Ukraine has demonstrated that the average total cost is about 12600 UAH per month, and the availability factor is 1.39.Conclusions. The results of the analysis conducted can be used when forming the financial aid for newborns in Ukraine to improve the quality of pharmaceutical provision, expand the range of products needed, and increase their availability.

The analysis of modern organizational and economic approaches to functioning of pharmacies in the Republic of Poland

Aim. To analyze modern organizational and economic approaches to functioning of pharmacies in Poland. Materials and methods. The data from the legislative and regulatory framework governing the pharmaceutical activity in Poland, as well as the data from specialized literature were used. The historical, analytical-comparative, system, logical, mathematical and statistical research methods were applied. Results. Currently, the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population in Poland is developing in the direction of strengthening the state regulation of availability of pharmaceutical care through the introduction of mechanisms of influence on pricing, drug reimbursement and development of the pharmacy network (geographical, demographic, financial and economic factors of regulation). On average, one pharmacy institution in Poland is per 2600-2767 inhabitants, and it corresponds to the average European indicators for development of a pharmacy chain. It was proven that the retail segment of the market quickly responded to the introduction of new approaches in the reimbursement of drugs in 2012. In 2011, its volume amounted to 28.14 billion zl, and in 2012 it decreased by 2 billion zl (26.50 billion zl). The greatest impact of the reimbursement system reform is the influence on development of the prescription market segment. After the introduction of legislative changes (“Apteka dla aptekarza”), there was a significant decrease in the number of pharmacies from 14838 at the end of December 2017 to 14419 in October 2018 (-2.8%). In 2018, a significant increase in the number of closed pharmacies in rural areas was observed. Thus, during July 2017 – July 2018 out of 352 closed pharmacies – 100 accounted for the countryside. It was found that in 2018 there was a significant prevalence of the number of the licenses revoked over the licenses obtained for activities at the retail pharmaceutical market in Poland. Conclusions. Problems at the Polish pharmaceutical market must be solved taking into account the increasing demands of society to the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care provided, as well as the socio-economic level of availability of drugs recommended by the WHO.

Клініко-економічний аналіз стану фармацевтичного забезпечення хворих з переломами внаслідок остеопорозу

Клініко-економічний аналіз стану фармацевтичного забезпечення хворих з переломами внаслідок остеопорозу

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL, FORENSIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PROVISION FOR MENTAL DISORDERS OF VICTIMS IN THE EMERGENCIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL

The article contains a regional list of medicines for pharmaceutical provision of mental disorders of victims of emergency situations. The assortment of medicinal products in circulation on the regional pharmaceutical market according to the international non-patented names is presented. The registration data of the researched medicinal remedies are systematized. The data about the producers and pharmaceutical forms of medicinal products are analyzed. According to the current legislation the control of the medicines necessary for the pharmaceutical correction of mental disorders is determined.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL, FORENSIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHES OF PHARMACEUTICAL PROVISION FOR MENTAL DISORDERS OF VICTIMS IN THE EMERGENCIES AT REGIONAL LEVEL

The article contains a regional list of medicines for pharmaceutical provision of mental disorders of victims of emergency situations. The assortment of medicinal products in circulation on the regional pharmaceutical market according to the international non-patented names is presented. The registration data of the researched medicinal remedies are systematized. The data about the producers and pharmaceutical forms of medicinal products are analyzed. According to the current legislation the control of the medicines necessary for the pharmaceutical correction of mental disorders is determined.

The study of the regulatory and legal framework for the activities of the authorized person on implementation of pharmaceutical provision in healthcare institutions and identification of the areas for the improvement

Aim. To study the activity of the authorized person on implementation of pharmaceutical provision (PP) in healthcare institutions (HCI) in Kharkiv, its regulatory and legal regulation, and determine the areas for improving the implementation of PP in HCI.Materials and methods. During the study the methods of analysis, systematization and generalization, data of official websites of branch state organizations, scientific literature were used.Results. In modern conditions for organizing and performing PP in HCI the administration appoints authorized persons who are involved in control of the turnover, the drug quality, accounting of drugs and medical products (MP), etc. During the study the analysis of the activities of the authorized person with PP in HCI, his duties and the possibility of their implementation has been performed. It has been found that the authorized person directly participates in the organization, control and planning of PP in HCI. The results of the study have shown that the presence of the authorized person has a direct impact on reducing the number of breaking the storage conditions for medicines in the process of their storage in HCI, reducing the number of low-quality medicines. It promotes compliance with the state control over implementation of the requirements of legislation by HCI in order to provide the drug quality. It has been also found that the load on authorized persons with PP in HCI increases by setting more stringent requirements for control over the turnover, drug quality, and accounting of medicines and MP.Conclusions. The presence of the authorized person on implementation of PP in HCI makes it possible to ensure the fulfillment of a number of mandatory conditions for implementation of a proper PP, in particular providing the proper storage of medicines; prevention of the use of low-quality medicines in HCI, a strict control over the shelf-life of medicines and prevention of the use of medicines with the expired shelf life; improvement of control over observance of storage conditions of drugs in HCI; reduction of the number of breaking the storage conditions for medicines in the process of their turnover in HCI; providing patients with quality and safe medicines; timely informing the HCI administration about the progress of implementation of PP, etc.

Interdisciplinary connection between criminal law and pharmaceutical law in the course of circulation of narcotic substances for pharmaceutical provision of privileged categories of affected oncological patients.

Problem setting. Forensic and pharmaceutical researches indicate that «... in the structure of narcosis, the spectrum of chemical and pharmaceutical substances abused by drug addicts and criminals, has a clear-cut dynamics of constant recovery ...», which affects criminal and legal, medical and pharmaceutical, social and economic aspects related to life quality and expectancy of an individual and a patient. Therefore, the state policy aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms, life and health of patients and citizens ofUkraine.Recent research and publications analysis. V. Tatsiy notes that today in Ukraine there are not only numerous violations of human rights (guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948), but also the lack of an effective mechanism for their renewal among state authorities and self-government, prosecutors, courts, law enforcement agencies, healthcare facilities and pharmacies. According to A. Hetman, V. Tatsiy, M. Panov, V. Golina, M. Shepitko and V. Timoschenko, the establishment of a systematic approach in interdisciplinary researches of the science of criminal law should be constantly the subject of both critical analysis and adjacent analysis (through the processes of their convergence, integration and harmonization) along with pharmaceutical law, criminalistics, criminology, forensic medicine, forensic pharmacy and forensic psychiatry. This is especially important during the implementation of the drug policy ofUkraine in counteracting of organized drug crimes, illegal circulation of narcotic substances to ensure the right of patients with malignant neoplasms to access to vital medicines in the system of preferential (free) provision with medicines of various classification and legal groups.Paper objective was to establish a multidisciplinary connection between criminal law and pharmaceutical law during in the course of circulation of narcotic substances for pharmaceutical provision of preferential categories of cancer patients affected by emergencies.Paper main body. Conducted a review of scientific literature on the study of the interdisciplinary connection of criminal law and pharmaceutical law in the course of the activity related to the circulation of narcotic substances for the pharmaceutical provision of preferential categories of cancer patients, affected by emergencies. Analyzed examples of forensic and pharmaceutical practice regarding the violation of the rights of oncological patients to obtain antineoplastic medicines for the sake of suffering.Conclusions of the research. The study of the interdisciplinary connection between criminal law and pharmaceutical law based on forensic and pharmaceutical practice during the circulation of narcotic substances for pharmaceutical provision of preferential categories of cancer patients, affected by emergencies, suggests that the disciplines also interact with the ecological, civil, labor, administrative, medical, pharmaceutical and other spheres, which, in turn, affect the legal relationship in the chain «doctor – cancer patient – pharmacist – lawyer» and are all in a pile of law enforcement in Ukraine.

Development of recommendations on creating local formulary drug list for children affected with gastritis and duodenitis

An urgent task is to carry out regular quality control and rational prescribing of drugs, changes to the drug formulary lists for the purpose of positive influence on the processes of pharmaceutical provision, especially children affected with gastritis and duodenitis.
 The aim of the work was to create a list of the recommended groups of drugs for further development of the local insurance and formulary drug lists used for treatment of children with gastritis and duodenitis using modern information technologies. Methods of peer reviews, questionnaires, direct observation, modeling, and information analysis were used in the process. The objects of study were regulatory and legislative documents, medication treatments sheets, price lists of wholesale pharmaceutical companies, forms of expert assessments.
 Science-based guidelines for the assessment of the economic costs for the inclusion of medicines in local formulary drug lists of health care institutions to help children with gastritis and duodenitis in the acute stage, in specialized hospitals, taking into account peculiarities of the disease under study at the regional level were formed.
 According to the results of a comprehensive study of pharmaceutical provision for treatment of children with gastritis and duodenitis, in addition to an expert evaluation of medicines, recommendations for the creation of a local formulary drug list were made and recommended list of drug groups was determined by 15 INN drugs to be used in the development of a local drug formulary list for pharmacotherapy of the pathology under study.

Marketing analysis of some groups antidiabetic medicines, presented at pharmaceutical market of Ukraine

The scarcity of state resources, the social economic and demographic situation, the deterioration of health status of population require new state approaches of organizing medical and pharmaceutical provision for the population. The aim of the study is the drug supply for patients with type ІІ diabetes. Relevance of theme is determined by the prevalence of the disease, the development of complex concomitant diseases, complications, early disability and high mortality due to low-quality and untimely medical and pharmaceutical care for this category of patients.
 The object of marketing research was the drugs registered in Ukraine, which cost is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type ІІ diabetes by the conditions of March 2017. The search for the proposals of drugs under study on the website of Morion Company was also conducted to assess the real state of the pharmaceutical market on this issue. The main used methods are bibliographic, statistical, marketing, graphic and systematization.
 The Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of drugs with the cost, which is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type II diabetes, has been investigated, and found that Gliclazide and Metformin are registered on the territory of Ukraine in the form of 22 and 91 medicines, respectively. The part of domestic producers of Gliclazide and Metformin is 36% and 33%, respectively.
 It was revealed, that the assortment of drugs Gliclazide and Metformin, which are available in the pharmacy network, is 2 and 1.4 times less than registered in Ukraine, respectively.
 Gliclazide and Metformin tablets are offered by domestic and foreign manufacturers in a dosage of 30 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg and 500 mg, 800 mg, 1 000 mg, respectively.

The study of the state of pharmaceutical provision for patients with cardiovascular diseases using ABC- and VEN-analyses

The study of the state of pharmaceutical provision for patients with cardiovascular diseases using ABC- and VEN-analyses