Indian Pharmaceutical Companies Research Articles

A Study on Determinants of Financial Efficiency of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India: Panel Data Analysis

A Study on Determinants of Financial Efficiency of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India: Panel Data Analysis

The impact of intellectual capital on financial performance for selected Indian pharmaceutical companies

The impact of intellectual capital on financial performance for selected Indian pharmaceutical companies

Analysis on the management of working capital in selected Indian Pharmaceutical companies

Analysis on the management of working capital in selected Indian Pharmaceutical companies

A Sectoral Analysis of BSE-Listed Indian Pharma Companies

A Sectoral Analysis of BSE-Listed Indian Pharma Companies

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of Levothyroxine in the treatment of Hypothyroidism in Nepal

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism, is an endocrine disorder, wherein the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormones to meet the body’s needs. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. This study was aimed to evaluate the cost ratio and percentage cost variation, of different brands of levothyroxine, available in the Nepali market. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational pharmacoeconomic study was carried out at Department of Pharmacology of Janaki Medical College, Janakpurdham, Nepal from 5 April to 30 May, 2023. Maximum retail price (Cost) in Nepalese currency (NRs), of various brands of levothyroxine available in Nepali market, of same dosage form, strength and number was reviewed for calculating the cost ratio and the percentage cost variation of levothyroxine manufactured by Nepali and Indian Pharmaceutical companies. RESULTS: For 120 tablets of levothyroxine, maximum cost ratio of 1.37 and percentage cost variation of 37.14% was observed with 50 mcg of levothyroxine. For 100 tablets of levothyroxine, maximum cost ratio of 1.65 and percentage cost variation of 65.44% was observed with 50 mcg of levothyroxine. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study can be used by a treating physician for prescribing an alternative cheaper brand of levothyroxine for better compliance and for reducing the total health-care cost. Continuous pharmacoeconomic analysis, if carried out at government level, can greatly minimize the cost variation as well as reduce the overall treatment cost for hypothyroid patients in Nepal.

A Retrospective Study of Documentation Shortfalls Mentioned in USFDA Warning Letters Issued to India Pharmaceutical Industries

The pharmaceutical industry is an indispensable sector that ensures patients have access to safe and effective medications. Therefore, it is essential that companies comply with regulatory standards and maintain accurate and complete documentation practices. This study will investigate the documentation violations cited in warning letters sent to Indian pharmaceutical companies between 2010 and 2022. The analysis will focus on identifying the most common documentation deficiencies and the impact they have on the pharmaceutical industry in India. The findings of this research will provide Indian pharmaceutical firms with valuable insights. to improve their documentation practices and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. This information will be useful for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, including regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare professionals, and patients. By understanding common documentation violations, companies can take proactive steps to prevent them and avoid regulatory penalties. The findings of this study will aid policymakers and regulatory agencies in devising strategies to enhance the integrity of pharmaceutical industry documentation practices. The findings will also inform the development of educational and training programs for pharmaceutical companies, which can help them enhance their documentation practices and ensure compliance with regulatory standards

A depth study on financial performance of selected Indian pharmaceutical companies listed on NSE

This paper focuses on study on financial performance of selected pharmaceutical companies listed on NSE. For this purpose, the researchers considered 10 Indian pharmaceutical companies for 10 years span of time from 2012-2021. Anova test has been applied for the study and profitability with the use of SPSS and Excel. For this, the researchers have considered profitability ratios namely Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Tax and Return on Equity, considered as explanatory variables.

Dealing with the Coronavirus: The Case of the Indian Pharma Industry

The pandemic induced lockdown lead to supply and manufacturing disruptions that were swiftly dealt with by the Indian Pharma Industry through successful industry-government collaboration. By May 2020 production was back to normal and exports were higher than the same period in May 2019. The case deals with the processes that enabled this to happen, the policy responses and the changes that happened in the period from March 2020 to August 2020.

The Efficacy of Salesforce Control Systems: Their Impact on the Pharmaceutical Industry in India

The salesforce control system plays an important role in salesforce performance and organization effectiveness. This study investigates the influence of behaviour-based and outcome-based control systems on eight performance-related variables. Data have been collected from sales executives of pharmaceutical companies in India on the basis of a self-administered survey. A standardized close-ended survey instrument was utilized to gather the data. Post screening, a usable sample of 346 responses was analysed by employing partial least square structural equation modelling. The results indicate that although both kinds of salesforce control systems are acceptable, the behaviour-based one appears to be slightly better. Academic and managerial implications are discussed in this article.

Sub-standard or Sub-legal? Distribution, Pharma Dossiers, and Fake-talk in India.

In this article, I look at Indian pharma 'dossiers'-the bundles of paperwork that testify to pharmaceutical quality and adherence to regulatory standards-and how they illustrate a wider and ongoing shift from a paradigm of drug safety to one of drug security. By examining how dossiers enact and enable claims of 'quality', I argue that it is in a drug's paperwork-rather than its chemical composition-that quality or fake-ness is produced. Based on interviews with Indian traders and officials, and an examination of how their work has changed over time in accordance with the regulatory shift to drug security, I show that in many instances the paperwork has come to be more important than the pill itself. This analysis contests the dominant pharmaco-regulatory notion of fake-ness, which privileges chemical composition above all else. In this way, my analysis of the dossier shows that drug security is itself a powerful form of fake-talk, one that informs the entire market and the conditions of possibility of international commerce today.

Voluntary Disclosure of R&D Activities: A Comparative Study of Selected IT and Pharmaceutical Companies in India

This study looks at voluntary R&D disclosure trends in the annual reports of a few Indian IT and pharmaceutical industries. A self-created R&D disclosure index has been created for the study's purposes. Secondary data provide the foundation of this investigation. The chosen IT and pharmaceutical firms' public annual reports were used to get the data. The study examines the extent of voluntary R&D disclosure both at the aggregate level and is based on a disclosure checklist comprising 52 elements of R&D information. Descriptive statistics have been utilised for the comparison of IT and pharmaceutical firms. The outcome demonstrates that, in comparison to IT businesses, pharmaceutical companies have disclosed more R&D information in annual reports in the context of total voluntary R&D disclosure

Dilemma to Dominance: Decoding the Evolution of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry - A Case Study

The Indian pharmaceutical industry has undergone a significant evolution, transitioning from a domestically-focused sector to a global powerhouse. Initially, Indian pharmaceutical companies primarily catered to domestic healthcare needs. However, with the implementation of economic reforms in the 1990s, the industry witnessed rapid growth and expanded into international markets. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has experienced a remarkable transformation, establishing itself as a global leader in the production and export of generic drugs. The industry has demonstrated superior growth performance, making it one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide. Productivity levels and innovation play a significant role in determining competitiveness, and the Indian pharmaceutical industry has shown impressive capabilities in these areas. Government policies have been instrumental in driving the industry's self-sufficiency and internationalization. The establishment of public sector pharmaceutical enterprises and the introduction of intellectual property regulations, pricing control, and research and development (R&D) support have propelled the industry's growth.
 This case study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the journey of the Indian pharmaceutical industry, exploring its growth, challenges, and the dilemma it faces in balancing innovation and affordability. By examining the sector's perspective, challenges, and identified dilemmas, this case study aims to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the industry. The case delves into the journey and challenges faced by the Indian pharmaceutical industry. It investigates the industry's growth, the perspective of Indian pharmaceutical companies, the challenges they encounter, and the identified dilemmas. The case also provides teaching notes and objectives to enhance the readers' knowledge and decision-making skills within the pharmaceutical industry.

Impact of Working Capital Management on Profitability: A Studyof the Select Indian Pharmaceutical Companies

The smooth running of business operations demands an efficient management of working capital by properly managing the inventory, accounts receivables and accounts payables of the business. This helps companies not only fulfil their short-term financial commitments but also boost their earnings. Therefore, the present study aims at verifying the impact of working capital management on the profitability of the companies under pharmaceutical industry in India. For empirical analysis, the data of 618 pharmaceutical companies is taken over a period of seven years from 2014–2015 to 2020–2021 and multivariate panel data regression technique is applied on data for estimating the results. The findings of the study validate that the profitability of companies is significantly influenced by working capital management. These findings will provide an insight to corporate managers and owners of pharmaceutical companies in deciding appropriate working capital strategy.

Company Risk of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India During the Post-liberalisation Era: An Empirical Assessment

Company Risk of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India During the Post-liberalisation Era: An Empirical Assessment

Major Driving Forces for The Indian SME Pharmaceutical Industry: Using Porter's Five Forces Framework for A Comparative Analysis

The author aims to study the major driving forces that affect the operational efficiency of the Indian pharmaceutical industry with special reference to the SME pharmaceutical companies in India. For this, Porter's Five Force Model is used as a frame of reference to gauge the effect of the various environmental and regulatory forces that affect the working of the Indian SME pharmaceutical industry, using Regression Analysis as the main tool. The reliability and the Regression equation derived from the Regression Analysis showed that competitive rivalry among existing firms is the strongest force, followed by the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, and the threat of substitute products in that order. Many researchers have studied the Porter model in theory, and others have studied the different aspects of the pharmaceutical industry. However, there needs to be more research on the analysis of the pharma industry using the Porter model, apart from the pioneering work of Michael Dobbs. This study follows in his footprints and applies the Porter model to the Indian pharma industry with special reference to the SME units. The industry will find this research of practical value, especially for SME industries that can use the outcomes of this study to devise their strategies for growth and competition assessment.

How Indian Pharma Industry Performed in the Last Decade? Impact of a Non-macroeconomic Variable and Financial Distress

The pharmaceutical industry in India is a significant part of the country’s international commerce, providing appealing channels and prospects for investment. The non-macroeconomic variable, like the COVID-19 pandemic, had a significant impact on the pharmaceutical industry, as well as other industries. This study examines the financial situation of pharma firms and the overall pharma industry using the Altman Z-score before and during the COVID period. Hence, the study is undertaken in three window periods. The study further describes the pharma industry’s stock return to market return and finally, the impact of overall Z-score and its ratios impact on stock return by panel data modeling. The result depicted an improved financial situation in the pharma sector due to improved investors’ confidence and higher beta in pharma stocks compared to market movement during the COVID period. Lastly, it has been analysed that Working Capital to Total Assets (WC/TA) is the significant ratio in predicting the stock return.

Understanding the Factors Promoting Sustainability in the Indian Pharmaceutical Sector Through ESG Approach

The ESG model, which stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance, is becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical sector. The pharmaceutical industry is under scrutiny from various stakeholders, including customers, investors, and regulatory bodies, to improve their ESG practices. The ESG model is a framework that helps companies assess and report on their performance in these three areas. ESG approach of operation brings stakeholders’ faith in organizational affairs. Indian pharmaceutical companies are facing big challenges in several fronts in meeting ESG principles for balancing social, environmental and economic goals. The balancing of these three goals by following ESG approach of operation will bring sustainability in organizational existence. Several broad areas need serious look-over. Sourcing of raw ingredients, clinical trials and associated costs, product quality and information, product pricing, internal infrastructure robustness and security, organizational culture and disclosure and compliances are areas where pharma companies are confronting ESG principles. In the pharmaceutical sector, the Environmental aspect of the ESG model focuses on reducing the environmental impact of their operations and products, such as reducing carbon emissions, waste management, and water conservation. The Social aspect involves ensuring ethical business practices, such as fair labor practices, supply chain management, and community engagement. Finally, Governance involves ensuring transparency and accountability in decision-making processes, as well as maintaining high ethical standards and preventing corruption. Pharmaceutical companies that implement ESG practices can not only benefit from improved reputations but can also attract investors who prioritize ethical and sustainable investing. Additionally, companies that prioritize ESG practices are better positioned to adapt to changes in the regulatory landscape, such as the increasing focus on sustainability and social responsibility. Overall, the ESG model provides a comprehensive framework for pharmaceutical companies to assess their environmental, social, and governance practices and ensure they are operating ethically and sustainably, which can lead to long-term success and positive impact on society.

COST VARIATION ANALYSIS OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS : A REVIEW

Background: Malaria has been a major issue in India for ages. There are numerous antimalarial brands available on the market. Costly medications can place an economic burden on patients, resulting in lower compliance or even noncompliance. Noncompliance leads to insufficient therapy, which increases morbidity. Increases in patient pharmaceutical costs were found to be related to worse adherence to prescribed medicine. As a result, this study was conducted to analyze the cost variation of malaria drug-therapy. Methods: Price in Indian rupees (₹) of antimalarial drugs manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in India, in the same strength and in same dosage form were obtained from Current index of medical specialties (CIMS) January-April 2023. Cost ratio and cost variation percentage were calculated and data was analysed. Results: The highest cost ratio and percentage cost variation were observed for Quinine injection 300mg/ml, with a cost ratio of 7 & a percentage cost variation of 599.65%.The lowest cost ratio was found for Mefloquine tablet 250mg injection, with a cost ratio of 1.01 and a percentage cost variation of 1.35%. Overall, the injectable antimalarial medications showed a considerable cost ratio and cost variation Conclusions: Ceiling cost of drugs are fixed by national pharmaceutical pricing authority (NPPA) government of India in accordance with DPCO 2023.Despite this there exists a wide variation of drug costs within one drug with the availability of various brands

Is rising pharma market a new burden? Introspecting the implications of India’s healthcare journey from public to a private good

PurposeThe paper demonstrates prejudicial effects of the rising private participation and the lacuna of state in ensuring the accessibility and affordability of healthcare.Design/methodology/approachSecondary data analysis from national and international databases is employed to demonstrate the low government spending and the alternate healthcare financing mechanisms in the country. The company reports of six Indian pharma companies are examined to map the profits and revenues, and also taking into account the sales growth and return on investment.FindingsThe paper observes the pharmaceutical sector, via its spiralling drug prices, is the primary contributor to the huge out-of-pocket expenses borne by households. The study findings indicate that there is an increased divergence between the out-of-pocket expenses of households and exorbitant profits of the private drug companies in the country over the years.Research limitations/implicationsAmidst debates on the importance of public health in the aftermath of the pandemic, the paper examines the rising hands of private sector in healthcare, and implores – who benefits? The authors study the implications via looking into the rise in the wealth of pharma giants; at the time of crisis when the lives of common citizens in the country were at stake.Originality/valueThe paper emphasises the repercussions of the higher markup of the pharma industry in raising the healthcare costs of households. The authors emphasise that the nonregulation of the pharma sector leads to high medical debts/poverty, in the wake of growing out-of-pocket expenditures of the citizens.

Evaluation of publication bias for 12 clinical trials of molnupiravir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in 13 694 patients with meta-analysis.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) acquired the global licensing rights for the antiviral molnupiravir, promising affordable access via licensing deals. Numerous Indian pharmaceutical companies subsequently conducted trials of the drug. Registered trials of molnupiravir were searched on the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI) and efforts made to detect resulting public data. Per the CTRI, 12 randomized trials of molnupiravir were conducted in 13 694 Indian patients, from mid-2021. By August 2022, only a preprint and medical conference presentation had resulted. Additionally, two trials were mentioned in press releases suggesting failure of treatment. The available data contain unexplained results that differ significantly from both the PANORAMIC and MSD MOVe-OUT trials. Approximately one-third of the global data on molnupiravir remain unpublished. We conducted a meta-analysis with four studies that provided results and observed that molnupiravir does not have a significant benefit for hospitalizations.