Pharmaceutical Aid Research Articles

Rapid UV-Vis spectrophotometric method aided by firefly-PLS models for the simultaneous quantification of ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and enrofloxacin in their laboratory mixture, dosage forms and water samples: greenness and blueness assessment

Herein, a novel UV spectrophotometric method coupled with chemometric tools was developed for the simultaneous determination of three fluoroquinolone antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and enrofloxacin. Such integration of UV spectroscopy and chemometric analysis proved to be a simple, rapid, and cost-effective approach for the quantification of these clinically important pharmaceutical compounds and aid in their quality control analysis. The method employed firefly algorithm for variable selection and partial least squares (PLS) regression for model calibration. The developed method was validated by independent test set in addition the accuracy, intra and inter-day precision as per ICH guidelines which showed a satisfactory performance with mean recovery ranged between 98.18 and 101.83 with %RSD < 2. Besides, the developed method displayed ultrasensitive levels with LODs (0.0803, 0.1125, 0.1309 µg/mL) and LOQs (0.2434, 0.3409, 0.3968 µg/mL) for ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and enrofloxacin, respectively. The greenness and blueness of the developed method were also evaluated using the recently proposed Analytical GREEnness metric approach (AGREE) and Blue applicability grade index (BAGI) tools, which showed a high AGREE score of 0.79 and a BAGI score of 77.5. These results indicate that the developed method provides an environmentally friendly alternative to the traditionally used chromatographic techniques, while maintaining high analytical practicability. Finally, the application of the developed methodology was demonstrated on real pharmaceutical and tap water samples, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by the reference HPLC method indicating the reliability and suitability of the proposed spectrophotometric method for routine analysis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Review on Almond as Pharmaceutical Aid Author name

An almond is also known as the "king of Nuts''. Almonds generally belong to the family of Rose called Rosacea. The Scientific name of Almond is Prunes dulcis. If you are looking for a versatile oil, you must try almond oil. It is made from two types of plum almonds: Sweet almonds, Bitter almonds. Its anti-inflammatory, immunity-boosting, and cardiovascular benefits help you better control the fats in your body. Sweet almond oil is the best for your skin type. Most of the health benefits associated with almond oil come from its high content of healthy fats. Almond sources include vitamin E oil (tocopherol), copper, and magnesium and high-quality protein. Almond oil is an edible essential oil that is rich in many nutrients and has positive effects on our health. High in vitamins D and E as well as minerals, almond oil helps reduce inflammation, shield the skin from UV radiation damage, and restore moisture to the skin. It also has significant levels of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins A and B. Rich in unsaturated fats, it penetrates deeply to leave your complexion feeling softer. Its 19% linoleic acid content hydrates cells more effectively, soothes skin, and protects against oxidative damage. Keywords Almond, Almond oil, Sweet almond oil, Bitter almond oil.

The analysis of dynamics of physical accessibility of pharmaceutical aid in Ukraine

The level of development of the country's health care system can be assessed in different ways, in particular by the level of pharmaceutical aid provision to the population. The quality of pharmaceutical aid for the population depends on many factors, including physical accessibility and the number of pharmacies located in a certain area. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of changes in the physical accessibility of pharmaceutical aid provision for the population and changes in the number of pharmacies in Ukraine during 2017–2022. Annual reports of the State Service of Ukraine for medicinal products and drug control, regarding licensees in the field of economic activity in the production of medicines, wholesale and retail trade of medicinal products, circulation of drugs have been used for the analysis of dynamics. It was established that the pandemic of the coronavirus disease, which was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus, and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation had a significant impact on the development of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine according to the results of the study. There is a general tendency to decrease the number of economic entities conducting their activities in the retail trade of medicines, while simultaneous increasing the places of activity, which may indicate the globalization of the pharmaceutical market. However, it can also cause a reduction in the quality of the competitive environment and limit the choice of pharmaceutical aid providers by patients. Thus, in the studied period, the number of economic entities decreased by more than 1,400. The number of pharmaceutical establishments engaged in the compounding of medicinal products also decreased significantly, by 23.5%. The total number of economic entities engaged in activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors also decreased significantly, which definitely worsened the physical availability of this group of drugs.

A Glance on Lemon Grass-Extraction, Applications and Uses

Lemongrass is widely available herb belonging to family Poaceae having biological souse leaf of plant Cymbopogon Citratus. The name Lemon originates from its typical odour, because of presence of citral a cyclic monoterpenes. It consists of many phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and essential oil. Many of active secondary metabolites are also available in these herbs which are used as pharmaceutical aid. This plant is of Indian origin mostly found in South India but widely spread in throughout world. Active ingredient is an essential oil which is extracted and isolated from fresh leaves of this plant by various extraction methods. Lemongrass oil is an essential oil having various pharmacological activity as well as used in various pharmaceutical formulations as a flouring agent, additives etc. Its fresh infusion is widely used in India to treat sore throat and runny nose. It shows many pharmacological actions such as Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Bacterial and Anxiolytic. This article gives you and basic idea about Lemon Grass its sources, Chemical Constituents, Method of Extraction, Pharmacological Action, applications and future scope.

Cell Type-Specific Expression of Molecular Players in Morphine Action

Hidden drug abuse has become a concerning issue in Hong Kong, despite an overall decrease in reported cases. The opioid epidemic, fueled by substances like heroin and fentanyl, continues to be a global problem. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of morphine addiction is crucial for developing effective treatments to combat this problem. This study investigates the gene expression patterns of key players in morphine addiction in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) region of the mesolimbic dopamine system, a key area in drug-associated reward. The RNA transcripts produced in mice NAc under acute morphine treatment can reveal transcriptional changes that alter the regulation of gene expression related to its molecular mechanisms. By analyzing publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data, we identified gene expression patterns in specific cell types for genes like BDNF, ΔFosB, CREB, and Npy, all of which were previously studied to be relevant to morphine addiction. The study also highlights novel differentially expressed genes in response to morphine treatment. These findings provide insight into new and relevant genes as well as their cell type-specific expression patterns to glean the pathways that they influence. Understanding these molecular processes can inform personalized pharmaceutical approaches and aid in the development of new therapies.

Extraction and Characterization of Okra and Almond Gum as a Pharmaceutical Aid

This study centers on the retrieval and analysis of almond gum and okra for their possible use as medicinal additives. Various measures were used to evaluate the extracted gum, including micrometric analyses, flow properties, organoleptic qualities, swelling index, ash value, Carr’s index, and Hausner ratio. Extracted okra gum had outstanding flow properties, as shown by its total ash content of 0.56% w/w, Carr’s index of 71.10%, and Hausner’s ratio of 3.46. The measured pH value was 6.9. Although the gum could not dissolve in organic solvents, it was able to dissolve in warm water. This indicates that the formulation of the chemical may be used without experiencing any negative consequences.

Некоторые проблемы медико-экономической эффективности лечения орфанных заболеваний

A lack of the single criterion for classifying rare diseases as a group of orphan diseases is the main current problem. First, it is associated with rare detection of symptoms among patients, especially children. Second, specialists have a limited number of methods of detecting orphan diseases. As the disease is considered rare, it is not profitable for pharmaceutical companies to produce the preparations which are purchased not in large numbers, but in single packages, because expenses on clinical trials and marketing advertising exceed return of investment. The market of orphan drugs in Russia is at the stage of development and formation. Medical organizations that carry out medicinal therapy of patients with orphan diseases require a clear set of regulatory documents ensuring provision of medical and pharmaceutical aid. Special attention should be paid to drawing up the lists of medicinal preparations to treat the patients. Personified accounting of patients with detected orphan diseases is an important stage for medical and pharmaceutical organizations. Modern diagnostics of orphan diseases at early stages, especially in children, exploration of specialized genetic methods of research and making them accessible for the population constitute an essential problem.

Blockchain Technology – Delivering Trust to Global Pharmaceutical Distribution

With up to 30% of donated pharmaceutical aid products being diverted, stolen or going to waste in this session we will learn how blockchain technology is addressing some of the biggest trust challenges in the global supply chain. Supply chain issues may prevent people that are in greatest need of life-saving medicines from being treated. Through the use of a Decentralized Knowledge Graph and blockchain technology firms and governmental aid organizations now have visibility to supply chain traceability and transparency of donated medicines. The session will additionally cover ancillary benefits with the implementation of such a solution.

Indigenous Smoking Behaviors in Olmsted County, Minnesota: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

To describe smoking behaviors and pharmaceutical cessation aid uptake in a population-based Indigenous cohort compared with an age- and sex-matched non-Indigenous cohort. Using the health record-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2019), smoking data of Indigenous residents of Olmsted County in Minnesota were abstracted to define the smoking prevalence, incidence, cessation, relapse after cessation, and pharmaceutical smoking cessation aid uptake compared with a matched non-Indigenous cohort. Prevalence was analyzed with a modified Poisson regression; cessation and relapse were evaluated with generalized estimating equations. Incidence was evaluated with a Cox proportional hazards model. Smoking prevalence was higher in the Indigenous cohort (39.0% to 47.0%; n=898) than the matched cohort (25.6% to 30.3%; n=1780). Pharmaceutical uptake was higher among the Indigenous cohort (35.8% of n=584 ever smokers vs 16.3% of n=778 ever smokers; P<.001). Smoking cessation events occurred more frequently in the Indigenouscohort (relative risk, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.13; P<.001). Indigenous former smokers were more likely to resume smoking (relative risk, 3.03; 95% CI, 2.93 to 3.14; P<.001) compared with the matched cohort. These findings were independent of socioeconomic status, age, and sex. Smoking in this Indigenous cohort was more prevalent compared with a sex- and age-matched non-Indigenous cohort despite more smoking cessation events and higher use of smoking cessation aids in the Indigenous cohort. The relapse rate after achieving cessation in the Indigenous cohort was more than three times higher than the non-Indigenous cohort. This finding has not been previously described and represents a potential target for relapse prevention efforts in US Indigenous populations.

NARINGENIN LOADED CYCLODEXTRIN NANOPARTICLES FOR IMPROVED DRUG DELIVERY

Herbal drug naringenin is well known for its anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, as carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulator, BCRP/ABCG2 inhibitor, hormone substitute and hormone antagonist since decades. However, use of naringenin as pharmaceutical aid is hindered due to its low aqueous solubility. In the present study, β-cyclodextrin and hydroxy propyl -β- cyclodextrin based biocompatible nanoforms were developed by the exploitation of self-assembly properties of cyclodextrins in aqueous media using sodium dodecyl sulphate and Pluronic F108 as co-surfactants. Prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, percent encapsulation efficiency, drug solubility and in vitro permeation studies. Particles present in all the formulations were not greater than the 161.2 nm with surface charge up to -24.8 mV and highest polydispersity index of 0.739. Aqueous solubility of drugs in prepared formulations was increased by 4 fold. Drug permeability was increased twice of free drug naringenin. It was concluded that the cyclodextrin based biocompatible nanosystems can be developed in the improvement of aqueous solubility and hence the bioavailability of herbal drugs.

The Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Initiative Among Employees in a Textile Factory.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a smoking cessation initiative for workers who are smokers in a textile factory located in Denizli, Turkey. This retrospective cohort was conducted by using the occupational health and safety unit records of 821 workers who are smokers. All participants underwent cognitive behavioral therapy, and in case of need, a suitable pharmacological treatment was initiated. The status of smoking cessation was checked at the end of the third month with a carbon monoxide breath monitor. A chi-square test was performed to make comparisons between categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis (backward) was used to evaluate the factors related to the smoking cessation status. The ratio of participants who gave up smoking was 74.3%, and 63% of them used a pharmaceutical aid to quit smoking. Working in the department of finishing and using a pharmaceutical aid to quit smoking were related to increased success in smoking cessation. Outcomes of our study emphasize that workplace-based smoking cessation programs may create a huge impact on smoking cessation among workers. Pharmacological aid and cognitive behavioral therapy have been associated with success in quitting smoking.

Predictors of district nursing care utilisation for community-living people in the Netherlands: an exploratory study using claims data

ObjectiveTo explore predictors of district nursing care utilisation for community-living (older) people in the Netherlands using claims data. To cope with growing demands in district nursing care, knowledge about the...

Proses şartlarının polivinilpirolidon polimerinin düşük toksisiteli solventler ile elektroeğirilme davranışı üzerindeki etkisi

Due to its properties such as biocompatibility, water solubility and stability, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) becomes more and more attractive for biomedical applications. This polymeric material is used in various applications such as pharmaceutical aid, complexing agent or solubilizer. PVP nanofibers are often produced using PVP solutions in solvents with high toxicity such as dimethylformamide (DMF). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of process parameters on the electrospinning behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone in solvents with lower toxicity such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or ethanol. Therefore, solutions of PVP in ethanol, PVP in DMSO or PVP in binary solvent systems such as DMSO/ethanol or DMSO/acetone were prepared and electrospun. The effect of process parameters such as voltage, flow rate, tip-to-collector distance were examined. A solution parameter, the polymer concentration was also considered. The morphology and diameter of the electrospun nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the solution viscosity was also questioned. Nanofibers with a homogeneous cylindrical morphology were obtained in the case of PVP in ethanol solutions for a polymer concentration of 7 wt.%. The process parameters were: a voltage of 15kV, tip-to-collector distance of 15 cm and a flow rate of 1.25 mL/h. PVP in DMSO solutions didn’t allow the obtention of solid nanofibers on the collector where a wetness zone appears. This shows that the solvent could not evaporate quickly. A wetness was also observed with PVP solutions prepared using binary solvent systems where a more volatile solvent such as ethanol or acetone was used.

SCIENTIFIC COMPREHENSION OF THE NECESSITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE AND THE RESEARCH OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACHES AS TO ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

The article proved that pharmaceutical tourism has been developed during a long period of time as an essen-tial part of medical tourism. The defined forms of activity have an integral character and contribute to the in-crease of the level of accessibility and quality of medical and pharmaceutical aid to the population outside their regular place of residence. The preconditions for activation the development of medical tourism and the necessity of being regarded as an independent activity of pharmaceutical tourism have been determined. In-stitutional components of pharmaceutical tourism (a subject, objects, subjects, forms of organization) have been outlined and described as well as the functions, which can be used on two levels: on the level of the government and the society, and in the system of pharmaceutical provision of the population and healthcare in general. The integral and dualistic character of pharmaceutical tourism as a modern activity in the system of healthcare has been substantiated. Taking into account modern tendencies as to globalization of national economics, imperfection of mechanisms of government regulation of the level of accessibility of pharmaceu-tical aid, increase of gap between different countries, groups of population or patients in the resource provi-sion of national systems of healthcare, the need for the development of medical and pharmaceutical tourism will continue in the future. It promotes the development of a complex program of their implementation in Ukraine.

Deacetylphylloketal, a New Phylloketal Derivative from a Marine Sponge, Genus Phyllospongia, with Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity in In Vitro Co-Culture Model of Intestine.

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The prevalence of IBD has been increasing worldwide, and has sometimes led to irreversible impairment of gastrointestinal structure and function. In the present study, we successfully isolated a new phylloketal derivative, deacetylphylloketal (1) along with four known compounds from the sponge genus Phyllospongia. The anti-inflammatory properties of deacetylphylloketal (1) and phyllohemiketal A (2) were evaluated using an in vitro co-culture system that resembles the intestinal epithelial environment. A co-culture system was established that consisted of human epithelial Caco-2 cells and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophage cells. The treatment of co-cultured THP-1 cells with compounds 1 or 2 significantly suppressed the production and/or gene expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were down-regulated in response to inhibition of NF-kB translocation into the nucleus in cells. In addition, we observed that 1 and 2 markedly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequent increase in the expression of heme oxygernase (HO)-1. These findings suggest the potential use of sponge genus Phyllospongia and its metabolites as a pharmaceutical aid in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases including IBD.

One-Pot Assembly for Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Scaffold and Their Biological Applications

A one-pot procedure for the preparation of functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines by three-component reaction using substituted heterocyclic aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and substituted β-ketoesters catalyzed by L-proline was described. Present protocol offers excellent yield up to 92%, flexibility with different substitution, convenient operation, and eco-friendliness. The synthesized products were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-APT, and IR spectroscopy. Herein, final confirmation of the targeted motif was made by X-ray single-crystal analysis of representative compounds (4f, 4j, 4k, 4l, and 4o). The chemically synthesized compounds were evaluated for the antiproliferative activity by cell viability (MTT) assay and dual AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide)-staining method against human A549 lung cancer cell lines. The viability of the treated cell was evaluated adopting MTT assay. According to associated changes in cell membranes during the process of apoptosis, a clear difference was observed between normal cells, early and late apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells. All compounds were found effective against Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was confirmed by increased reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage as compared to untreated yeast cell culture. Altogether, these compounds showed promising hope for application in pharmaceutical aid against yeast infections.

Use of near infrared spectroscopy and spectral databases to assess the quality of pharmaceutical products and aid characterization of unknown components

This research was initiated as part of the fight against public health problems of rising counterfeit, substandard and poor quality medicines and herbal products. An effective screening strategy using a two-step combination approach of an incremental near infrared spectral database (step 1) followed by principal component analysis (step 2) was developed to overcome the limitations of current procedures for the identification of medicines by near infrared spectroscopy which rely on the direct comparison of the unknown spectra to spectra of reference samples or products. The near infrared spectral database consisted of almost 4000 spectra from different types of medicines acquired and stored in the database throughout the study. The spectra of the test samples (pharmaceutical and herbal formulations) were initially compared to the reference spectra of common medicines from the database using a correlation algorithm. Complementary similarity assessment of the spectra was conducted based on the observation of the principal component analysis score plot. The validation of the approach was achieved by the analysis of known counterfeit Viagra samples, as the spectra did not fully match with the spectra of samples from reliable sources and did not cluster together in the principal component analysis score plot. Pre-screening analysis of an herbal formulation (Pronoton) showed similarity with a product containing sildenafil citrate in the database. This finding supported by principal component analysis has indicated that the product was adulterated. The identification of a sildenafil analogue, hydroxythiohomosildenafil, was achieved by mass spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses. This approach proved to be a suitable technique for quick, simple and cost-effective pre-screening of products for guiding the analysis of pharmaceutical and herbal formulations in the quest for the identification of potential adulterants.

Analysis of the pneumonia morbidity in children in order to optimize pharmaceutical aid

To analyze the health of the child population used statistical incidence, disease prevalence, their gender features and age characteristics, mortality. According to WHO, among the major causes of child mortality, the share of pneumonia accounts for 19% of all deaths. In Ukraine in the structure of infant mortality pneumonia ranked third.The aim of the work was to study the structure of child morbidity with respiratory diseases and pneumonia in Ukraine and separately of Southern region.&#x0D; The material of the study are the data of medical statistics. The study used informational, statistical and graphical methods.&#x0D; The study found that respiratory diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of child morbidity in Ukraine, with a 67.1% share. It was found that the share of children (0–17 years) in 2015 accounted for 65 411 cases of pneumonia (32%). The analysis showed that the incidence of pneumonia is characterized by age and regional differencies. Thus, the highest rates are observed in children aged 0–14 years and of urban children. According to the statistical analysis of the Southern region, in the Kherson region incidence rate of pneumonia was significantly higher than the national average. Conducted analysis of normative documents regulating the treatment of pneumonia in children. It turned out that in documents there are groups of drugs without a specific medication lists. It is necessary to conduct pharmacoeconomic analysis of rational choice of drugs and rational use of healthcare resources.

Utility of Sulfobutyl Ether beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes in Drug Delivery: A Review

The potential of beta-cyclodextrins as a pharmaceutical aid has been established through several decades of research. However, some beta-cyclodextrins are reported to be toxic causing deleterious effects on long term usage. In the recent past, sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin, a modified beta-cyclodextrin has captured interest as a comparatively safer and effective beta-cyclodextrin for increasing the solubility and the bioavailability of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs. Sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin has demonstrated immense potential in addressing solubility and stability issues associated with formulation of drugs. Till date no comprehensive report on their utility in drug development has been published. Hence, this review focusses on the structure, properties, preparation techniques and applications of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Investigation of the feasibility of forming stable inclusion complexes of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin and various drugs as guest molecules using molecular modelling techniques have been elaborated in the review. Incorporation of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin complexes into novel drug delivery systems (liposomes and nanoformulations) have been summarized along with various methods of preparation and the clinical safety. Molecular modelling approach discussed in this review, coupled with wet-lab validation of the complexes, will enable a faster transit of the delivery systems into the clinical setting.

Классификация муниципальных районов Республики Саха (Якутия) по уровню оказания фармацевтической помощи с использованием математических методов

The authors used a cluster analysis for classification of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) municipal districts by level of management of pharmaceutical aid provided to the population. They substantiated the practical necessity of using the classification tools at the regional level for a subsequent assessment of the availability of pharmaceutical aid. Five indicators characterizing the socio-economic development of the regions and the state of medical and pharmaceutical aid in them were selected as classification criteria based on logical grounds. The cluster analysis and mathematical models showed the existing intra-regional disproportion in the development of the pharmaceutical service. The differences in the level of development of the pharmaceutical service were analysed using absolute indicators that determine the possibility of obtaining pharmaceutical aid in the formed clusters. A block diagram of the analysis of the availability of pharmaceutical aid in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been developed. The clustering results are recommended to be used to substantiate the strategy for development of the pharmaceutical service in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and to develop an optimal model for ensuring the availability of pharmaceutical aid using socially oriented technologies.