Market For Petroleum Products Research Articles

Self-regulation and socially responsible business: points of contact

The business environment is changing rapidly. The practice of adhering to the principles of socially responsible business is becoming more widespread every year (the number of companies that share and implement such practices is growing rapidly). Of course, in addition to changes in the worldview of business owners and management, external factors, including certain extraordinary events, also contribute to this. Businesses demonstrate the ability to self-regulate their activities and the need for further sectoral unification. The article aims to study the relationship between self-regulation and socially responsible business. The author analyses the specifics of the activities of self-regulatory organisations, which are a classic manifestation of self-regulation. The article analyses the provisions of the Memorandum of Intent to create a favourable environment, develop fair competition in the Ukrainian petroleum products market and meet consumer needs for the period of quarantine and restrictions; the Memorandum on ensuring stable operation of the food supply chain in Ukraine under martial law; and the Memorandum on bank lending for energy infrastructure rehabilitation projects. It is substantiated that memoranda (declarations) of market participants are one of the forms of self-regulation that set out additional obligations and/or new rules of conduct. The author also considers self-regulatory local acts of business entities (declarations of integrity, rules for verification of counterparties, codes of ethics, etc.), which are also part of the concept of self-regulation. The author provides a classification of self-regulation in the context of socially responsible business. The study proves that self-regulation is one of the principles of socially responsible management. It is noted that only companies that adhere to high standards of socially responsible behaviour can demonstrate the ability of business to self-regulate. It is also noted that initiative is one of the key elements of socially responsible business behaviour.

Evaluation and Determination of the Physical Properties of Gasoline and the Presence of Fine Particles in the Ten Districts of the City of N'djamena

The context, which allowed to write this article is the fact that we have noticed an increase in the environmental impact caused by the poor management of car parks and fuel sellers as well as the proliferation of service stations that do not respect any standards. The illegal storage and marketing of petroleum products, especially gasoline, in the city of N'Djamena is the main factor of vulnerability and criticality of air pollutants, thus demonstrating the growing environmental impact in the city of N'Djamena. The presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as that of fine particles which are part of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and characterize by their toxicities, their persistence in the environment, their bioaccumulation in living tissues, and their long-distance transport. Thus, the main objective of this work is to determine and evaluate the physical properties of gasoline and the presence of fine particles in the ten districts of the city of N'Djamena. These are the species sold on the street and presenting a danger to users. The main idea would be to look for gas stations and points of sale that comply with the regulations in force and those that do not. Then physical analyses were carried out on different types of gasoline consumed and then the air quality was measured with a Purple Air sensor. In conclusion, a complete structure of the ten districts with their degrees of pollution as well as the number of gas stations and fuel sellers on the street will be listed.

Current trends in the socio-economic development of the GCC: statistical analysis

The relevance of the research topic is explained by the fact that at the moment, the participation of the GCC in international economic relations, the world economy, international trade, regional integration and global globalization plays a significant role. Since the integration process is complex, multilevel and unambiguously slow, it is possible to give an objective assessment of the situation of integration on the world stage exclusively in dynamics, therefore, in order to maintain the fundamental nature of the study of this issue, periodic studies remain always relevant. The GCC unites a group of Arab countries with highly specialized developing economies, some of which are in leading positions in the production and marketing of oil and petroleum products around the world. In addition, the official statements of the heads of state on the development and diversification of integrated economies indicate that the study and identification of the features of the Middle East integration grouping will contribute to strengthening ties with the GCC of both third countries and its member countries. The aim is to identify trends and features of the GCC economic integration at the present stage through theoretical, statistical data, macroeconomic indicators, SWOT and PEST analysis. Methodological basis of the study: reference literature, international statistical data from official sources (UNCTAD, WTO, TradeMap, World Bank and others), comparison of the indicators found and obtained. The analysis confirms the relevance and importance of further study of socio-economic processes in the GCC countries, which contributes to a deeper understanding of them as a basis for further research.

A Study of Financial Planning and Forecasting With Reference to Indian Oil Corporation Limited

Financial planning is a ceaseless procedure of guiding and designating financial assets to meet strategic goals and targets. The yield from financial planning appears as budgets. The most generally utilized type of budgets is Pro Forma or Budgeted Financial Statements. The establishment for Budgeted Financial Statements is Detail Budgets. Detail Budgets incorporate sales conjectures, production figures, and different gauges in help of the Financial Plan. On the whole, these budgets are alluded to as the Master Budget. We can likewise separate financial planning into planning for tasks and planning for financing. Working individuals centre around sales and production while financial planners are keen on the best way to back the tasks. In this manner, we can have an Operating Plan and a Financial Plan. Be that as it may, to keep things basic and to ensure we incorporate the procedure completely, we will consider financial planning as one single procedure that includes the two tasks and financing. Financial Planning begins at the highest point of the organization with strategic planning. Since strategic choices have financial ramifications, you should begin your planning procedure inside the strategic planning process. Inability to interface and associate planning with strategic planning can result in budgets that are "dead on landing." Strategic planning is a formal procedure for setting up goals and targets as time goes on. Strategic planning includes building up a statement of purpose that catches why the organization exists and plans for how the organization will flourish later on. Strategic targets and relating goals are created dependent on an exhaustive evaluation of the organization and the outer condition. At last, strategic plans are executed by building up an Operating or Action Plan. Inside this Operating Plan, we will incorporate a total arrangement of financial plans or budgets. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), also known as Indian Oil, is an Indian government-owned oil and gas explorer and producer, a significant player in the country's energy sector. Headquartered in New Delhi, it is the largest commercial oil company in the country, with a significant presence across the value chain of the petroleum industry, including refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products. IOCL's Chennai operations are a vital part of its extensive network, contributing significantly to its overall performance. IOCL's operations in Chennai also include a sprawling network of pipelines. These pipelines are crucial for the efficient transportation of crude oil to the refinery and the distribution of refined petroleum products to different parts of the region. This network ensures a consistent and reliable supply of fuel, which is vital for the economic development of the area. The retail network of IOCL in Chennai and the surrounding region is extensive, with numerous petrol and diesel stations. These retail outlets not only provide fuel but also offer a range of services and products to consumers. IOCL's focus on customer satisfaction and service quality has made it a preferred brand among consumers. Moreover, IOCL has been at the forefront of adopting innovative technologies and sustainable practices in its operations. The company has undertaken several initiatives in the areas of energy conservation, emission reduction, and waste management to minimize its environmental footprint. These efforts underscore IOCL's commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in promoting green energy alternatives. Indian Oil Corporation Limited's Chennai operations are integral to its strategic objectives and overall success. Through its refinery, pipeline network, and retail outlets, IOCL not only contributes significantly to India's energy security but also plays a pivotal role in the economic development of the region. With a focus on innovation, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, IOCL is poised to continue its leadership role in the Indian petroleum industry. I have chosen Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) for a project offers a unique opportunity to engage with one of India's leading public sector enterprises, playing a pivotal role in the country's energy sector. IOCL's diverse operations, spanning across refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products, provide a rich learning ground for interns. The exposure to a vast spectrum of operations allows for an in-depth understanding of the energy industry's complexities, offering invaluable insights into both the technical and business aspects of the field. The mentorship and training provided by industry veterans at IOCL are unparalleled, equipping interns with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in their future careers. Additionally, the organization's emphasis on corporate social responsibility and community engagement initiatives offers a broader perspective on the impact of business operations on society and the environment. In IOCL is not just a step in one's career journey but a leap into a world of opportunities for growth, learning, and making a meaningful contribution.

Аналіз викликів та загроз на ринку нафтопродуктів у контексті національної безпеки

In this work, based on the analysis of sources of information that are in the public domain, the major threats and challenges to the petroleum products market in the context of national security are identified. The concept of national security, its connection with other types of security and the place of the market of petroleum products in these relations are considered. A model of relations between the petroleum products market in the circle of national security has been built. For the petroleum products market of Ukraine, an analysis of factors that are threats and challenges both common to all countries and specific to Ukraine is carried out. The study identifies the main threats to the petroleum products market in Ukraine, including: the possibility of losing supplies due to the lack of medium-term and long-term contracts; intersection of interests of exporting and importing countries, which is reflected in their use of specific means of solving problems; blockade of ports, destruction of existing petroleum depots; the difficulty of creating a stock of petroleum products due to the vulnerability of warehouses or petroleum depots; problems with own production of petroleum products due to the destruction or damage of existing facilities for production of petroleum products and the vulnerability of places of extraction of raw materials for petroleum products; almost complete dependence on imports; political pressure on the petroleum products market both from exporting countries and domestic political pressure. The challenges to the market include the growth of the logistics leverage, the change in the preferences of buyers from gasoline in favor of diesel fuel and the rupture of previous logistic chains with the need to create new, as well as unplanned changes in transportation due to changes in the situation at the State borders. There is also a growing demand for the use of rail and sea transport for the supply of petroleum products to the markets of Ukraine. In this regard, an additional challenge is to pursue a reasonable pricing policy in these conditions in order to prevent a sharp increase in prices in the petroleum products market.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ НАФТОПЕРЕРОБНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО РИНКУ

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the present condition of the oil refining industry, delving into its intricacies and nuances. It particularly concentrates on dissecting the dynamics of the global market for petroleum products and elucidating its ramifications on the broader energy landscape. Through meticulous analysis and scrutiny, this study navigates through the multifaceted dimensions of the industry, shedding light on its various facets and complexities. Additionally, it elucidates the intricate interplay between the oil refining sector and the larger energy sector, highlighting the symbiotic relationship and the consequential effects on global energy markets. This paper offers a nuanced exploration of the current state of the oil refining industry, with a robust focus on the global market for petroleum products and its profound influence on the energy sector. Utilizing a multifaceted approach, the study integrates both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to comprehensively analyze the subject matter. Through a blend of rigorous statistical analysis, extensive literature review, and expert assessments, the research uncovers intricate patterns and trends within the industry. By synthesizing diverse sources of data and insights, the study provides a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities facing the oil refining sector in today's dynamic economic landscape. The results of this research unveil a plethora of formidable challenges confronting the oil refining industry, ranging from the subdued competitiveness of producers to the pervasive reliance on external factors and the imperative for technological advancement. Furthermore, the analysis illuminates promising avenues for industry advancement, encompassing initiatives to diminish import dependency and integrate novel energy-efficient technologies. Leveraging these insights, the paper advocates for the adoption of strategic management approaches within the oil refining sector to foster sustainability and bolster competitiveness amidst the ever-evolving landscape of contemporary economic paradigms.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МОРСКОГО ТОРГОВОГО СУДОХОДСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ И ТОРГОВЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИХ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЕ СУДОВОЕ ТОПЛИВО

The article examines the role of maritime transport in the global economy and trade, as well as the impact of maritime transport on the environment. The authors analyze the prospects for the development of maritime transport in the context of climate change and the introduction of new technologies. The article examines the impact of maritime transport on the global petroleum products market. The main advantages and disadvantages of maritime transport, as well as its impact on the environment, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the development of technologies and infrastructure that help improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of maritime transport.

MARKET OF AUTOMOBILE FILLING STATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: DETERMINATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT VECTOR OF PJSC TATNEFT

The article analyzes the geography of automobile gas stations (gas stations) of the Russian Federation from the point of view of the structure and features of the functioning, evolution and development prospects of the gas station network, as well as the interaction of the subjects forming it. The oil and gas complex market is illustrated in the context of large Russian vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs). Its key players and their position in the market are identified, the companies are ranked by the number of gas stations and the share of sales in total revenue as of 2022. The authors record factors for the development of the geography of the network of automobile gas stations, indicators of the dynamics of the volume of the gas station market in Russia for 2018-2022. It is noted that the network of automobile gas stations is beginning to represent a developed retail distribution network providing a wide range of services and is becoming an attractive sector for the development of vertically integrated oil companies’ business. The authors analyze the position of PJSC Tatneft in the petroleum products market. The network of gas stations of PJSC TATNEFT is studied: geography, reformatting and loyalty programs, innovative projects. It is noted that the focus on expanding the network of gas stations as “service centers” is present in the company’s development strategy until 2030.

Oil and petroleum products market in the Russian Federation: new challenges and development prospects

Within the framework of global geopolitical tensions and sanctions pressure from Western countries, the restructuring of the Russian oil market is taking place, affecting the economies of the leading states of the world arena, including Russia.The subject of the study is changes in the Russian oil and petroleum products market. The purpose of the study is to examine the situation on the oil and petroleum products market by the end of 2022, to analyze the main measures of the Russian government in response to anti–Russian sanctions, promising directions for reorienting supplies from Russia, and also to forecast the prospects for the development of the markets in question for 20232026.The results of the study. The current geopolitical uncertainty and various restrictive measures against Russia pose a threat to the stability of the Russian economy. These risks can be minimized with the help of competent actions of the authorities and the implementation of measures to redirect exports, which will support the economy and maintain positions in the international commodity market.

A Critical Assessment of the Distribution Strategies Employed in the Marketing of Petroleum Products

The distribution of petroleum products holds significant importance within the global energy sector, carrying extensive ramifications for both corporate entities and end-users. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough assessment of the distribution tactics utilized in the marketing of petroleum products. The research involves several phases of the distribution process, ranging from the supply chain to the ultimate customer. The petroleum sector is characterized by a multitude of intricacies, including aspects such as fluctuating pricing, geopolitical considerations, environmental apprehensions, and the escalating need for sustainable alternatives. Therefore, it is imperative for petroleum businesses to develop and modify their distribution methods to maintain competitiveness and satisfy the changing demands of consumers. This study explores the many strategies employed in the dissemination of petroleum products, encompassing conventional systems involving pipelines, refineries, and gasoline stations, as well as contemporary ways that integrate digital technology, alternative fuels, and ecologically sustainable measures. The key findings of the study suggest that the efficient distribution of petroleum products is contingent upon several elements, including geographical location, infrastructural availability, regulatory frameworks, and consumer behavior patterns. It is apparent that a standardized method is not feasible, and organizations must customize their distribution tactics to accommodate the distinct requirements and limitations of individual markets. This study also investigates the impact of digital technologies, such as data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT), and automation, on the optimization of distribution networks. Moreover, it highlights the growing significance of sustainability and environmental accountability in distribution tactics, namely in response to customer preferences for cleaner and more environmentally friendly fuel alternatives. In summary, this study emphasizes the fluidity of distribution techniques within the petroleum sector. It is imperative for companies to maintain adaptability, ingenuity, and receptiveness towards market fluctuations, while concurrently striving to incorporate technology and sustainability into their distribution procedures. A comprehensive comprehension of the intricacies of distribution within the petroleum industry is vital for enterprises seeking to prosper in an always developing energy milieu.

Логистическая организация сбыта нефтепродуктов через электронные торговые площадки на территории Российской Федерации

The article considers the logistics organization of the petroleum products marketing on electronic trading platforms on the territory of the Russian Federation. There is considered the transformation of organizational and managerial relations between economic entities. On the one hand, the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries leads to a redistribution of export commodity flows. On the other hand, national industry in the context of transition to a mobilization economy and objective necessity for the import substitution demands more energy resources in the domestic market. There has been given a review and analytical assessment of the volume of sales of petroleum products at exchange auctions in the territory of the Russian Federation. The main regulations of selling petroleum products on the territory of the Russian Federation have been identified. A structure of the petroleum products market in the context of trading instruments is investigated. There have been defined the key participants of the exchange market of petroleum products, which include vertically integrated oil companies, traders, gas stations and oil depots. Generalization of the experience of leading specialists made it possible to identify logistics channels for the sale of petroleum products in the RF market and divide them into channels for the sale of petroleum products under direct contracts, channels for the sale of petroleum products at formal and informal auctions and channels for the sale of petroleum products to the affiliated supply companies. The sequence of selling petroleum products at informal auctions through e-trading platforms is considered in detail. The main participants of the e-auctions and their responsibilities have been identified. The specific features of e-bidding are considered on the case of Gazprom Mezhregiongaz, LLC. There has been carried out analysis of volumes of e-auctions of TEK-Torg, JSC which provides services of the federal e-trading platform. There have been identified the main advantages of selling petroleum products to small wholesale and retail companies through e-trading platforms, which include gaining access to e-trading bypassing intermediaries, simplicity of the paperwork, transparency of auctions and increasing speed of operations.

Overview of the Russian Oil and Petroleum Products Market in Crisis Conditions: Economic Aspects, Technology and Problems

In the last decade, global discussions on the role of the Russian Federation in the energy supply system have continued to be relevant. Taking into account this context, the purpose of the article is to study the impact of the Russian oil and petroleum products market on sustainable development in the conditions of the “energy transition” declared in the country and to substantiate the mechanism of transition to a diversified energy model during the period of global geo-economic turbulence. The authors propose a methodological approach for conducting a comparative assessment of the level and dynamics of the development of the industry in the country and regions, based on the use of a set of objective indicators and the concept of taking into account the level and quality of life of the population. Using panel data on the country, federal districts and vertically integrated companies of Russia from 2005 to 2020 for empirical research, we found the determining influence of external and internal factors on sustainable development. The results revealed the problems regarding the current state of the Russian oil and petroleum products market. Summing up, it can be argued that the results presented in this article prove the need to solve industry problems and form innovative strategic directions of development in Russia in modern conditions of energy transformation.

Analysis of Particulate Matter Emissions and Performance of the Compression Ignition Engine Using Biodiesel Blended Fuel

As the world becomes more urbanized, the market for petroleum products increases. The supply of crude oil-based products such as diesel, gasoline, and natural gas is limited. Furthermore, natural resources are finite and their reservoirs are located in certain parts of the globe. Countries with low to no fossil fuel resources are experiencing a scarcity of petroleum products, necessitating the exploration of alternative energy resources. In this research, tests regarding the exhaust particulate emission, sound pressure level, and performance have been carried out using samples from diesel and biodiesel (waste cooking oil) blended fuel. Two fuel samples have been used, B25 (biodiesel 25% and 75% diesel) and 100% diesel as a baseline in a CI engine at constant RPM of 1350 and variable loads of 0.0 to 1.6 at an interval of 0.2Kg-m. The results show that particulate emissions are reduced by about 7.29% when using biodiesel blended fuel, whereas brake-specific fuel consumption of biodiesel blended fuel has decreased as brake power increased, and brake thermal efficiency increased as brake power increased. The sound pressure level was measured from different locations of the engine (back, front, left) and for varying load. The results show that B25 produces less noise than D100 in each case.

Environmental strategy and the petroleum industry: a sustainability balanced scorecard approach

The institutional framework designed to protect the environment demands a growing involvement of companies. The new environmental paradigm drives the business community to embrace corporate sustainability more broadly and effectively. This trend is especially pronounced in the petroleum sector since, to a greater degree than in other industries, modern society demands that wealth creation be conducted while guaranteeing social and environmental wellbeing. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to implement an environmental management model that links sustainability planning with a control and supervision system. One of the most effective is the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard approach. This method will be used in this article to evaluate the sustainable performance of a Spanish company whose activity is focused on the marketing and distribution of petroleum products. The objective of this article is to analyze the environmental management of the hydrocarbon company and whether the four perspectives of its strategic vision have satisfactorily incorporated variables that promote sustainability. 2021 is the reference year for the indicator values, which will be compared with the target values for 2022. The results show that, while financial performance reveals a margin for improvement, as well as staff education and training in sustainability, the degree of environmental satisfaction of consumers is acceptable.

The anti-sanctions model of the development of the oil industry and the export of oil and petroleum products

In the article, the author analyzes the emerging transition of the country's oil industry to the mobilization type under the conditions of sanctions, examines the rapidly changing world market of oil and petroleum products. The subject of the study is the accelerated modernization of the oil industry, trends in the sale of Russian oil on the world market. The purpose of the article is to analyze the emerging anti–sanctions model of the development of the Russian oil industry and the export of oil and petroleum products on the basis of statistical data and an example of the development of vertically integrated oil companies, formulate recommendations to public administration bodies and business participants for the implementation of strategic plans of the state. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the article consists of statistical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis for considering the role of the state in the development of vertically integrated oil companies, import substitution of the oil industry, systemic and structural-functional approaches for formulating proposals for the development of the Russian oil industry and the sale of Russian oil on the world market. Results. The analysis of statistical data on the extraction (production) and export of oil and petroleum products, the possibilities of stimulating mechanisms of the state are presented, proposals for further development and improvement of the oil industry are formulated. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the process of transition of the country's oil industry to the mobilization type in the current conditions of sanctions and the activities of the state and business revealed the forced termination of cooperation with most developed countries in terms of oil and petroleum products exports and imports of equipment and technologies for oil production and refining. The proposals formulated by the author on the development of the oil industry will help minimize losses in the oil and petroleum products market and maintain the efficiency of oil industry enterprises. Application. The results obtained can be used to analyze trends in the development of the oil industry and the world market of oil and petroleum products.

The Identification of Market Segments and the Selection of Target Markets in the Marketing of Petroleum Products

Abstract Currently, the market for the selling of petroleum products has reached a stage of development where it is almost impossible to satisfy all consumers with a single oil product, each category of consumers having their own expectations from the purchased product. Consequently, oil companies must consider the differences between consumer requirements and expectations when developing both their marketing mix and their marketing strategy. To achieve such a goal, they can adopt the strategy of dividing the market for petroleum products into specific groups, each including consumers with common characteristics and similar needs for certain goods and services. The action of finding the above-mentioned groups is called market segmentation. The segmentation of the market for petroleum products is the most important marketing tool, its role being that of helping the company find its place on the market.

Contribution to the Improvement of the Petroleum Products Delivery Policy by the Implementation of a Computer System Based on the Dijkstra Method

The distribution and marketing of petroleum products are the sources of energy for the various activities of human society and household supply. We spent our time researching the competitive factors to reduce the time of distribution of petroleum products, by setting up a computer system based on Dijkstra’s algorithm our contribution will solve a real problem of delivery with direct targeting of gas stations. We set up a tool to help to map based on the method of operational research starting with the identification of delivery point, mapping and then applying the algorithm. Mainly the graph theory and the optimal path in a network by a short path using the method of Dijkstra for the design we used the UML language, the programming we used the JAVA language with very appreciable results to finish with a conclusion.

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The article is aimed to identify threats to national security due to the current state of the petroleum products market and factors that affect the cost of fuel in Ukraine during the war and will shape fuel prices in Ukraine and the whole world in the short and medium term. Such factors now are the almost complete absence of the domestic product on the market, the rupture of old logistics chains and problems with the development of new logistics routes for fuel supply from Europe, high world prices for oil and petroleum products, instability of the national currency and risks, associated with the war. It is estimated that the fair price for imported petrol and diesel fuel at the end of May ? beginning of June 2022 is 45 UAH in the western regions, and up to 50 UAH per liter in the eastern regions of Ukraine. Factors that will affect prices in the near future include the possible unblocking of Ukraine?s seaports, oil and petroleum products supplies from the United States, Central Asia and the Middle East, shale oil from the United States, increased market competition and increased demand as a result of the end of COVID-19 crisis. Ukrainian people should be ready to high prices of petroleum products in the near future and the Ukrainian state should prepare the system of national security and national defense for solving of the logistics problems with delivery of the petroleum products and potential social problems.

Загрози та перспективи розвитку операторів на ринку світлових нафтопродуктів України

The study of the market of light petroleum products of Ukraine made it possible to establish that the market is highly competitive and is growing at an average pace. The main operators on it are FPG "Privat" (gas station networks "Avias", "ANP", "Sentosa Oil", etc.), PJSC "Ukrnafta" (gas station network "UKRNAFTA"), PEG "Continental" (gas station network "WOG"), JSC "Concern "Galnaftogaz" (gas station network "OKKO"). These companies, as well as international gas stations networks, occupy the best competitive positions in the market. In the nearest future, the entry of new companies into the market is not forecasted. Oil refinery companies in Ukraine import oil and products of its processing, and their own oil and gas fields are not developed. Foreign companies that develop their own fields (for example, Russian corporations) have a significant competitive advantage. Also, competitive advantages for operators in the light petroleum products market are the geographical distribution of filling stations, the presence of a strong brand, additional service for consumers, and a significant number of loyal consumers. It was found that such factors as the presence of bureaucratic aspects in decision-making in cooperation with the state, unfair competition in the market from illegal gas stations, a gradual increase in the number of electric vehicles, global fluctuations in oil prices, legislative restrictions, inflation, potential devaluation of the hryvnia, as well as the low purchasing power of consumers have a threatening impact on the market. Among the weaknesses of the industry was the exhaustiveness of the planet's oil resources, and among the opportunities - the development of its own fields or the gradual diversification of production towards adjacent markets (for example, the renewable energy market). Based on the analysis of the light petroleum products industry, it was established that horizontal and vertical diversification strategies are promising for JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz". According to them, the main marketing solutions of this enterprise can be aimed at creating new types of products (in particular, related to renewable energy), building solar power plants and wind farms on the company's own land plots, and full access to the renewable energy market. The advantage of these strategies is the minimization of risk since the market is partially known (JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz" owns a façade solar power plant on the building of the head office and "green" filling stations (filling stations with solar panels on roofs) in areas with a high level of solar insolation. The implementation of the diversification strategy also consists in expanding the range of products offered by JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz", for example, by providing such a new service as testing fuel samples in mobile laboratories for individuals who would be able to carry out their own fuel quality check offered by various filling stations.

Optimizing supply chain management for competitive advantage in the marketing of petroleum products in Nigeria

Optimizing supply chain management for competitive advantage in the marketing of petroleum products in Nigeria