Petroleum Ether Extract Of Seeds Research Articles

Fatty Acid Composition, Functional Group Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Nymphia alba and Lupinus polyphyllus Seed Extracts.

Seed extracts of Nymphia alba Linn. and Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. were analyzed for fatty acid composition, functional group analysis and antioxidant activity. The petroleum ether extract of seeds were found dominant in unsaturated fatty acids with oleic acid (39.9%) and linoleic acid (29.6%) in L. polyphyllus and linoleic (37.5%) and oleic acid (10.9%) in N. alba. All the defatted seed extracts of N. alba and L. polyphyllus found to have powerful DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 and NBT antioxidant radical scavenging activity with reference to butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). The defatted seed extracts were further analyzed with functional group analysis through FTIR found to contain numerous functional groups which may be responsible for their antioxidant activity.

Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activities of five medicinal plants from Kashmir

Ulmus wallichiana Planch., Celosia argentea L., Sisymbrium irio L., Aesculus indica Colebr. and Abies pindrow Royle have got significant nutritious and medicinal importance. In the present study seed extracts of these five plants from Kashmir were studied for their fatty acid composition and antioxidant activities. The petroleum ether extract of seeds were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, consisting mainly of unsaturated fatty acids notably oleic and linoleic acids with U. wallichiana (29%, 31.6%), C. argentea (22.3%, 51.5%), S. irio (30.7%, 30.3%) and A. pindrow (76.1%, 6.5%) respectively, while as A. indica contain (47%) linoleic acid. Also substantial amount of saturated fatty acids mostly palmitic acid was also present. Antioxidant activity of the defatted extracts of chloroform and methanol were evaluated using 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 2,2ˈ-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Almost all the assays suggest defatted extracts to have the strongest antioxidant property at various concentrations. The high unsaturated fatty acid concentration and significantly that of palmitic acid in petroleum ether extracts could have valuable applications in nutraceutical and cosmetic industry. Moreover the strong antioxidant activities of their defatted seed extracts could be considered as potentially new source of antioxidants.

Protective Effect of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa Oil Extracts against Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

The objective of present study was to analyze and compare the nephroprotective effects of petroleum ether extracts of seeds of Nigella sativa and Silybum marianum in Swiss albino mice. Petroleum ether extracts of seeds of Nigella sativa and Silybum marianum were administered (200 mg kg–1) orally for 14 days following one dose of cisplatin injection (16 mg kg–1 i.p.) on 4th day. Cisplatin toxicity was identified in mice by loss of body weight, reduced triglycerides levels, elevated blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa significantly enhanced the body weight (9%) of diabetic rats. Silybum marianum had significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose (–106%), and BUN levels (–9%) as compared to the Nigella sativa administration. Silybum marianum extract also significantly elevated the levels of triglycerides (257%) which were much reduced after the cisplatin injection. Histological study showed that the cisplatin treated group demonstrated the necrosis signs in the glomerulus of Bowman’s capsule, hyalinization and severe cellular damage. The animals administered with extracts showed nearly normal kidney architecture, however, the kidney tissues of Silybum marianum-treated animals showed some improvement with slight signs of cellular damages.

A Novel Furanocoumarin Neopsoralen from Heracleum candolleanum (Wight etArn) Gamble

Five compounds were isolated and characterized from the petroleum ether extract of seeds of H. candolleanum. The compounds were identified as oleic acid triglyceride 1, oleic acid 2, bergapten 3, pseudoisopsoralen 4, and methyl oleate 5 based on their spectral data. The 1H-NMR spectral data was discussed along with coupling constants of the signals for the first time.

Evaluate the analgesic Activity of Tukhme Karafs (Apium graveolens Linn.) in swiss albino mice

Aim & Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic activity of Tukhme Karafs (Apium graveolens seed) in Albino mice. Methods: The analgesic activity was determined by Hot plate method, Tail immersion method, Tail Clip method and Writhing test. Result: Petroleum ether extract of seeds of Apium graveolens (PEESAG) was tested in adult Albino Swiss mice weighing 20-30gms, at the dose of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg body weight by different method i.e. hot plate method, tail immersion method, tail clip method and Wrihting method. The result show mild to moderate analgesic activity of celery seeds. Conclusion: The petroleum ether extract of celery seeds revealed mild to moderate analgesic activity.

Field trial of aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of <i>Monodora myristica</i> (gaertn) dunal and <i>Jatropha curcas</i> l. for the control of okra flea beetles, <i>Podagrica</i> spp.

Field experiment was conducted at the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, to evaluate the field performance of 5% aqueous and 5% petroleum ether extract of seeds of Monodora mysristica (Gaertn.) Dunal and Jatropha curcas L. for the control of flea beetle, Podagrica spp., on okra variety, NHAE 47-4. A synthetic pyrethoid, lamdacyhalothrin at 25g a.i/ha was incorporated in the study for comparison. The 5% petroleum ether extracts of the plant material and the lamdacyhalothrin significantly (P 5% MSPEE > 5% JSPEE > 5% MSAE > 5% JSAE > control. It was concluded that the plant extract showed good prospects for the control of Podagrica spp infestation on okra, especially the petroleum ether extracts. It is suggested that higher dosages, better formulations and closer spray regimes may enhance their effectiveness. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Agricultural Research Vol. 6 1999: pp. 100-104

Estrogenic activity of petroleum ether extract of seeds of Citrus medica on immature albino rats

Estrogenic/anti-oestrogenic activities of petroleum ether extract of Citrus medica seeds was studied in albino rats. Th e extract at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered for seven days to immature ovariectomised rats, along with or without 1 μg ethinyl estradiol. Suitable controls were maintained. Th e extract-treated rats exhibited estrogenic eff ects, which include increase in uterine weight and vaginal epithelial cell cornifi cation. Th e micrometric measurements of the uterus and its components were increased and glands showed high secretory activity. When the above extract was tested in 30-day-old immature rats, they exhibited opening of vagina on the fi fth day and cornifi cation of vaginal epithelial cells, which is about 10 days earlier compared to controls, further supporting the estrogenic activity of the extract. Hence, these results strongly indicate the potent estrogenic nature of petroleum ether extract of Citrus medica seeds, which may be used as an antifertility agent. Phytochemical studies of the petroleum ether extract of Citrus medica seeds were also carried out to fi nd the chemical nature of the extract. Key words: Citrus medica, estrogenic, ethinyl estradiol, rats

Estrogenic activity of petroleum ether extract of seeds of <i> Citrus medica</i> on immature albino rats

Estrogenic activity of petroleum ether extract of seeds of <i> Citrus medica</i> on immature albino rats

In Vivo Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of the Seed of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)

Purpose: The seeds of Swietenia macrophylla are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. Thus the petroleum ether extract of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) seeds was investigated for its anti-diarrhoeal property in Wister albino rats to substantiate folklore claim. Methods: Petroleum ether extract of the seeds of this plant, at graded doses (25, 50 & 100mg/kg body weight) was investigated for anti-diarrhoeal activity in term of reduction in the rate of defecation and consistency of faeces in castor oil induced diarrhoea. To understand the mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal activity, its effect was further evaluated on intestinal transit and castor oil induced intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling). Results: At various doses (25, 50 & 100mg/kg body weight) the extract showed a remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity evidenced by the reduction in the rate of defecation and consistency of faeces. Results are comparable to that of standard drug diphenoxylate (50mg/kg body weight). A single oral dose of Swietenia macrophylla extract of 100mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in the severity of diarrhoea. Extract produced profound decrease in intestinal transit (4.45 - 34.60%) also significantly inhibited castor oil induced enteropooling comparable to that of intraperitoneal injection of standard drug atropine sulphate at doses of 0.1 mg/kg body weight and 3 mg/kg body weight respectively. Conclusions: Experimental findings showed that petroleum ether extract of seeds of Swietenia macrophylla possess significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and may be a potent source of anti-diarrhoeal drug in future.

Evaluation of some indigenous plant extracts for antiimplantation activity in albino rats

In the present investigation twelve indigenous medicinal plants have been screened for their antiimplantation activity in albino rats. The plant material was subjected for soxhlation successively and separately from non-polar solvents to polar solvents i.e., petroleum ether benzene and ethanol. Out of these three extracts the petroleum ether extract of seeds of Citrus medica, aerial part of Oxalis corniculata and Tinospora cardifolia have showed maximum antiimplantation activity. Ethanol extract of leaves of Cardiospermum helicacabum, roots of Echinops echinatus, leaves of Melia azedarach, seeds of Momordica charantia and bark of Terminalia bellirica have shown maximum antiimplantation activity amongst the three extracts of each plant material screened. Though all the three extracts of seeds of Annona squamosa and leaves of Zizyphus jujube screened for antiimplantation activity, no extract has showed any loss in implantation. The details of the results obtained are discussed.

Larvicidal and chemosterilant activity of the acetone fraction of petroleum ether extract from Argemone mexicana L. seed

The acetone fraction of the petroleum ether extract of seeds from Argemone mexicana L. exhibited larvicidal and growth inhibiting activity against the second instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linn). This activity occurred at higher concentrations (200, 100, 50 and 25 ppm). Chemosterilant activity, including reduction in blood meal utilization (27.70%), reduction in fecundity (19.00%), formation of larval–pupal intermediates, formation of pupal–adult intermediates, adult mortality and sterility of first generation eggs (100%), occurred at low concentration (10 ppm).

Antioxidant property of Celastrus paniculatus willd.: a possible mechanism in enhancing cognition.

In the present study aqueous, methanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of seeds of Celastrus paniculatus were investigated for their effect on cognitive functions in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g each were used to study effect on learning and memory through use of the shuttle-box, step-through, step-down and elevated plus maze paradigms. Only the aqueous seed extract (200 mg/kg body wt. for 14 days) showed an improvement in learning and memory in both the shuttle-box and step-through paradigms. Therefore, further experiments were conducted using the aqueous extract at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body wt. doses in different paradigms of cognition. All three doses of the aqueous extract increased the number of avoidances in the shuttle-box and step-through latency the in step-through apparatus, but no significant difference was observed between the doses tested. In the step-down apparatus, the 200- and 300-mg/kg body wt. doses of aqueous extract showed a significant increase in step-down latency, whereas no significant difference was observed in the elevated-plus-maze paradigm between drug-treated and vehicle-treated groups. Since the behavioral impairments are associated with oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract on oxidative stress parameters. Among the three doses tested, only 200 and 300 mg/kg body wt. stimulated a significant decrease in the brain levels of malondialdehyde, with simultaneous significant increases in levels of glutathione and catalase. The present findings indicate that the aqueous extract of Celastrus paniculatus seed has cognitive-enhancing properties and an antioxidant effect might be involved.

P.2.014 - Risperidone is well tolerated by organic brain syndromes

In the present study aqueous, methanolic, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of seeds of Celastrus paniculatus were investigated for their effect on cognitive functions in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g each were used to study effect on learning and memory through use of the shuttle-box, step-through, step-down and elevated plus maze paradigms. Only the aqueous seed extract (200 mg/kg body wt. for 14 days) showed an improvement in learning and memory in both the shuttle-box and step-through paradigms. Therefore, further experiments were conducted using the aqueous extract at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body wt. doses in different paradigms of cognition. All three doses of the aqueous extract increased the number of avoidances in the shuttle-box and step-through latency the in step-through apparatus, but no significant difference was observed between the doses tested. In the step-down apparatus, the 200- and 300-mg/kg body wt. doses of aqueous extract showed a significant increase in step-down latency, whereas no significant difference was observed in the elevated-plus-maze paradigm between drug-treated and vehicle-treated groups. Since the behavioral impairments are associated with oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract on oxidative stress parameters. Among the three doses tested, only 200 and 300 mg/kg body wt. stimulated a significant decrease in the brain levels of malondialdehyde, with simultaneous significant increases in levels of glutathione and catalase. The present findings indicate that the aqueous extract of Celastrus paniculatusseed has cognitive-enhancing properties and an antioxidant effect might be involved.

Effect of Securigera Securidaca Linnaeus on conditioned avoidance in mice.

6 groups of albino mice ( ns = 6) were administered finely crushed Securigera Securidaca or its extracts. 3 groups of animals were given chloroform, absolute ether, or petroleum ether extract of seeds of Securigera Securidaca. The dose for each extract was 100 mg/kg body weight. Two groups of animals were given 100 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg body weight of crushed seeds. The control group of animals was given olive oil 10 cc/kg body weight. All the doses of the drugs were given orally. The conditioned avoidance technique was used 2 and 4 hr. after every treatment to test Ss' learning. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for treatments, days of treatments, and animals within time and treatment. Also a significant time-day interaction indicated the differential effect of time on different days.