Development Of Petrochemical Industry Research Articles

Development of new catalytic processes for processing petroleum feedstock

Abstract Currently such factors as the use of heavier feedstocks, permanent strengthening of requirements to oil and gas product quality, introduction of technical regulations for oil products, which, in turn, necessitate the development of new technologies and catalysts, have a great influence on the global oil-refining and petrochemical industry development. Recently, a special attention is given to the development of new catalysts and processes for producing middle distillate fuels suitable for cold and arctic climatic conditions. Catalytic hydrodewaxing and isodewaxing processes are the most efficient in this field. Research into controlling a functional structure of catalysts and creation of catalytic systems based on zirconium dioxide modified by tungstate anions are of outstanding interest. The trend of the use of heavier petroleum feedstocks and the need to improve the oil conversion level demand will be based on destruction of high-molecular-weight compound structures with producing light and middle cuts. So, the most important processes for heavy oil residue conversion are those enabling to control transformations of resinous-asphaltenic materials by using nanoscale catalytic systems. One of the examples of the industrial implementation of technologies using suspended catalysts is the hydroconversion process implemented currently at AO TANECO (lisencer: TIPS RAS; general designer: OAO VNIPIneft).

Synthesis and investigation dark polymer hydrocarbon resins in the bitumen composites

Thermal gas-phase pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials in pipe furnaces remains to be the main strategic process of ethylene and propylene production. Nowadays, the possibility of the pyrolysis process intensification to increase the target product yield draws attention of scientists. But besides the olefins (target products) the pyrolysis process is the source of heavy pyrolysis pitch. Considerable development of petrochemical industry requires finding new applications of the by-products from pyrolysis gas and liquid pyrolysis products. Methods of polymer hydrocarbons resin synthesis from the liquid wasters of ethylene and propylene production have been considered. Regularities of modification of polymer hydrocarbons resins (PHRs) insulating oil bitumen have been worked. The influence of the main factors on the physical and chemical properties of this process has been determined. The mechanism of influence petroleum polymer resins (cooligomer products) components to the complex technical and performance properties of the petroleum bitumen compositions have been regarded . Found that based on bitumen insulation compositions of the physical and mechanical parameters, electrical insulation and corrosion characteristics meet the requirements for insulation of underground pipelines have been defined. Polymer petroleum resins as modifiers significantly increase the inhibitory properties of bitumen matrix.

Whether integrating refining and petrochemical business can provide opportunities for development of petrochemical industry in Serbia

Since the beginning of 90s of last century both the petroleum industry and petrochemical industry have operated in difficult circumstances. In particularly, margins of petroleum and petrochemical industry were exacerbated during global economic crisis in 2008-2009 years. At that time, as one option that could be the solution, the global analysts had started to more intense investigate the benefits of Refining-Petrochemical Integration. Shortly afterwards, more and more petroleum refineries and petrochemical manufacturers began to see the future in this kind of operational, managerial, marketing and commercial connection. This paper evaluates, in particular, the achieved level of integration of refinery and petrochemical businesses in Central and South-Eastern Europe. And specifically, the paper identifies current capabilities and future chances of linking this kind of integration between Serbian refining and petrochemical players. The viability of integration between possible actors and benefits of every single refining-petrochemical interface in Serbia depend on many factors, and therefore each integrated system is unique and requires prior serious Cost Benefit Analysis.

Methods for evaluating innovation in the petrochemical enterprises

The development of petrochemical industry directly dependent on their innovation activity .Accordingly, the necessary measures to stimulate innovation in the enterprise have to be taken. Under these conditions it is very important to assess the effectiveness of innovative activity. The existing methods to evaluate it need to be systematized and extended to be practically applied by economic departments of petrochemical enterprises. The authors propose a method to estimate the innovative activity in the petrochemical enterprises, consisting of 7 stages. On the first stage the dynamics of “intangible assets” and “the results of research and development” in the enterprise for the certain period (usually three calendar years) are estimated. At the second stage the structure of «intangible assets» and results of research and development» are estimated in terms of the share of value of the overall property of enterprise for the same period. At the third stage the structure of «intangible assets» or the result of research and development are examined. At the fourth stage of the depreciation coefficient of “intangible assets” and the write–off coefficients in the “results of research and development” sector are calculated. At the fifth stage th e structure of “intangible assets” and “the results of research and development” and their share of the total value of all the innovation in the enterprise are examined. At the sixth stage four indicators: fund capital productivity of innovation; fund capacity of innovation; fund profitability of innovation; fund furnishing; the coefficient of innovation activity in not-circulating assets are calculated. At the seventh stage of the share of trained employees in the calendar year from the total number of employees is calculated.

Novel binder-less hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst for olefins catalytic cracking to produce propylene

Developing new technology for high efficiency conversion of petroleum is great significance to maintain sustainable development of petrochemical industry. Due to the growing demand for propylene and abundant supply of C4/C5 hydrocarbon, new cost effective process for production of propylene by conversion of streams containing C4/C5 olefins is required. A novel binderless hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst and OCC process, which produces propylene by catalytic cracking of C4/C5 olefins, were developed by Sinopec through ten-years research and development. A commercial OCC unit with C4/C5 hydrocarbon capacity 60 kt/a started up in Puyang, China in 2009. Novel binder-less hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst, as a new catalytic material, commercialized for the first time on the world. As a new route for on-purpose propylene production, OCC boosts the development of propylene production technology.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Petrochemical Industry using Fuzzy Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix

Due to the high potential of petrochemical industry in the creation of environmental impact, environment impact assessment of the development of petrochemical industry is very important. The aim of this study is to provide and test a fuzzy model for environmental impact assessment of petrochemical industries as a decision support system in planning process and the development of petrochemical industry. To test this model, the Lorestan province was chosen as the study area. In order to assess the impact of petrochemical industry in Lorestan, the combination of RIAM method and fuzzy theory was used. First, using check lists and holding meetings with experts, the type of petrochemical industry impacts on environmental factors was determined. Next, the effects of project activities on environmental factors were scored; the fuzzy scoring was done using defined criteria in MATLAB software. Environmental components considered in the method used were divided into 4 main factors including physicalchemical, biological-ecological, social-cultural and economic-functional and 33 sub-factors, assessment of nonimplementation, construction and operation stage was carried out individually. The results show the most important environmental impacts of petrochemical projects, water and soil pollution, air and noise as well as its socioeconomic consequences. The results showed that the operation in petrochemical industry will create more important implications than the construction stage, some of them in terms of lack of control and environmental management, are irreversible and damaging.

The Rothschildds: The Biggest French Investor at Azerbaijan Ever

At the end of XIX century Baku Oil Industry was booming and the main result of this was increase in oil production due to the development of petrochemical industry in foreign countries and in Russia because Baku was captured by Russian empire at the beginning of XIX century. The other factor was foreign and local investment in oil industry. So soon, Baku could compete with the leading oil centers and even by the end of 19th century, half the world’s oil gushed from Baku. At the turning of XIX century one of the main foreign investors at Baku Oil Industry was Rothschild Brothers. Who were Rothschild Brothers? How they became second main investor at Baku Oil Industry, though they were the last among the foreign investors and when they came all the wells had already been bought by foreign and local investors? The paper tries to scrutinize these issues deeply.

Multi-level production planning in a petrochemical industry using elitist Teaching–Learning-Based-Optimization

The complex nature of the petrochemical industries necessitates an efficient decision on a large number of factors so as to optimally operate a plant. Production planning is an integral part of the petrochemical industry and requires the optimal selection of processes, production levels and products to maximize its profit. Previously an MILP formulation has been proposed for guiding the petrochemical industry development in Saudi Arabia (Alfares & Al-Amer, 2002). In this article, we state the limitations of this formulation and propose an alternate elitist TLBO algorithm based strategy to overcome them. The benefits of this strategy include the determination of better production plans that lead to higher profits and have been demonstrated on the eight case studies in the literature. The proposed strategy is generic and can be applied to determine production plans of multiple levels in various industries.

Constraint Programming Based Production Planning in a Petrochemical Industry

In this article, we provide a constraint programming based optimization model to determine the optimal production planning to maximize profit in a petrochemical industry. The proposed model despite its simplicity overcomes the limitations of the mixed integer linear programming model available in literature. The benefits of the proposed model are demonstrated on various instances of two case studies and it is shown that the proposed formulation enables an increase in the profit in the range of 0.58 to 3.68%. A petrochemical industry uses series of complex networks to convert feedstock such as oil and gas to produce primary petrochemicals such as methanol, ethylene, propylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. These primary petrochemicals are subsequently converted into petrochemical intermediates and derivatives which are ultimately transformed into products used in the market. The petrochemical industry operates at very high production levels which is achieved either through the large scale of the individual equipment or through the large scale of the entire plant (1). A variety of optimization models have been proposed for efficiently operating the petrochemical plants. These include efficient production planning (2), mergers and acquisitions (1), integration of refineries and petrochemical plants (3), capacity expansion (4), efficient spatial organization of petrochemical plants (5), efficient job scheduling (6), and optimal supply chain management (7). In this article, we use Constraint Programming (CP), an optimization technique that has its origins in the Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Community (8), for solving the production planning problem in an industry. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model has been proposed in literature (2) to determine efficient production plans to guide the petrochemical industry development in Saudi Arabia. However, this formulation restricts the productions to artificial levels thereby leading to suboptimal profit. In this article, we propose a CP based optimization formulation which overcomes the drawbacks of the MILP formulation in literature. The benefit of the proposed formulation has been demonstrated on eight different instances involving two distinct requirements. In the next section, we provide a brief description of CP and this is followed by the description of the problem statement. In the next section, we review the MILP formulation in literature and describe its limitations. In the subsequent section, we present a CP based optimization formulation to solve the production planning problem and subsequently demonstrate the applicability of this formulation on various instances of two scenarios. We conclude the article by discussing the developments in this article and present possible future work in this direction.

Optimization Design for Petrochemical Data Operation Cost Management System

With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, it becomes an inevitable trend that petrochemical data operation cost should be controlled effectively. How to strengthen petrochemical data operation cost management has become one of the hot topics in petrochemical system. This paper presents a design method of petrochemical data cost management system based on multi-objective constraint calculation. The optimal cost control is guaranteed by using genetic algorithm for the optimal calculation solution on the constrained conditions of petrochemical data in order to achieve petrochemical data cost management task. The results of computer simulation with VC6.0 show that the system finished the cost management better and had good robustness.

New Petrochemical Industry Development Path Choice under the Restriction of Low Carbon Economy in Shandong Province

Petrochemical industry is an industry of high energy consumption and high carbon emission. It’s the bounden duty for this industry to select the low carbon economy development path. This paper analyzes the development restricting factors of the present petrochemical industry. Furthermore, this paper expounds the development implementation path of the new petrochemical industry from the following five aspects, such as to optimize the low carbon energy structure, achieve the implementation of ecological construction both in industry and enterprises, increase the technical support and management support for the low carbon transition of petrochemical industry, strengthen the Omni directional penetration depth of the low-carbon awareness and so on.

The Research on the Current Situation and Advances of Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment

At present, it is so prominent in the development of the petrochemical industry in China，and it is accompanied by petrochemical wastewater, which has become a big problem need to solve urgently.Because petrochemical wastewater mainly contains benzene-compound, organic matter, high salt wastewater and oil sewage, etc. They are very damaging and highly contaminated. The composition and properties of the petrochemical wastewater were introduced firstly, the current situation of petrochemical wastewater treatment at home and abroad were reviewed in the study. Especially the development of petrochemical industry in sichuan was introduced. Based on the present situation and the existing problems, put forward some countermeasures and expect technique develop direction in the future.

The Fatigue Analysis of Pressure Vessels Based on Workbench

With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, the operation condition of pressure vessels under the alternating load was increasing and the probability of fatigue failure was also on the rise. As a result, pressure vessel fatigue analysis is gaining the designer's attention. This paper describes the key steps and techniques of the fatigue analysis of pressure vessel based on Workbench platform using the lock hopper of the coal chemical industry as an example.

Finite Element Analysis of Stress for Nozzle Zone at Channel of Pressure Vessel

With the development of petrochemical industry, the status of pressure vessel has become increasingly important, and higher requirements are introduced for the security of nozzle zone at the pressure bearing region of pressure vessel. In order to study the stress status of nozzle zone at the channel of pressure vessel, solid modeling for channel and straight pipe was performed with ANSYS software. Through finite element analysis and calculation, the stress concentration region of channel was determined and the reason was analyzed. In addition, the nozzle zones of the model before and after loading were compared. The result reveals that symmetrical stress concentration region lies at the junction of channel and pipe. The maximum stress is located at the inside of nozzle zone of channel and less than the yield stress of material.

Petrochemistry - basis for development of domestic processing industry

Global petrochemical industry development trends were considered. SWOT analysis of domestic petrochemical industry was given, and approaches to its development in the country were examined.

Applying Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity in a Soft Bottom Ecosystem in North of the Persian Gulf

In this study, the Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI) was selected in an attempt to describe ecological health of soft bottom channels (Khowr-e Musa) in North of the Persian Gulf. Most of study area was found to be in degraded or severely degraded conditions. B-IBI scores were ranged between 1 and 3.86. Comparison ofmacrobenthos abundance and organic content between two developmental periods showed significant difference (p < 0.05). After the establishment and development of petrochemical industries, the abundance of macrofauna decreased (809 to 239 individuals m(-2)) and organic content increased leading to organic enrichment (15.3 to 22.4%). Three new sources of organic matter were found to be important namely industrial waste, sewage and mangrove litter. After 1999 about 6 millions Avicennia marina tree were planted near petrochemical zone in the area. Study area changed rapidly in the last decade and region is under severely anthropogenic impacts. The present study showed that Khowr-e Musa is under both natural stress and anthropogenic impacts and two main impacts could be attributed to the organic enrichment and to the dredging. Choice of suitable management plans and metric controls could help to the salvage of the largest tidal channel complex in Persian Gulf.

Chronology of mercury enrichment factors in reef corals from western Venezuela

Mining and deforestation in the early 20th century, the development of petrochemical industries during the 1950s, and the constant weathering of natural deposits of cinabrium (HgS) have made Golfo Triste, Venezuela, a region impacted by mercury (Hg). We studied the chronology of Hg in coral skeletons of Siderastrea siderea (1 colony, 1900–1996) and Montastraea faveolata (2 colonies, 1930–1999) from Parque Nacional San Esteban. Maximum values of Hg/Ca ratios and standard deviations of Hg enrichment factors occurred in the 1940s, 1960s, and 1980s, and matched maxima of decadal rainfall. Values from the 1950s and 1970s matched periods of abundant but constantly decreasing rainfall and hence were best explained by the combination of runoff and the sudden bioavailability of Hg in the region. This sudden availability likely was associated with activities of the chlorine-caustic soda and fertilizer plants of Morón petrochemical complex, industries that started producing large amounts of Hg in 1958.

Recent Catalysis Researches in Taiwan

A brief historical review of the catalysis researches and catalysis society in Taiwan was given, followed by the current and future development. The number of people engaged in catalysis research grew with the development of petrochemical industry in the past three decades. The catalysis research in Taiwan nowadays focuses on two extremes: those correlating to environmental protection and new energy resources and those topics related to nano-science and technology. The international and interdisciplinary cooperation is expected to grow in the future.

An optimization model for guiding the petrochemical industry development in Saudi Arabia

A mixed integer linear programming model is formulated for determining the optimum plan for the expansion of the Saudi Arabian petrochemical industry. The products selected for consideration fall into four categories: propylene derivatives, ethylene derivatives, synthesis gas derivatives, and aromatic derivatives. The model incorporates new variables and constraints, and realistic estimates of production costs, which are calculated based on local conditions in Saudi Arabia. For each production process, the unit production cost is assumed to be a function of production capacity. The input data for each product includes relevant production technologies, capacities, local production costs, and selling price. The solution of the model gives the recommended products under different scenarios of available capital investment and feedstock. The results are reported and analyzed.

SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF LIGHT NAPHTHA AS POTENTIAL PETROCHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK IN SAUDI ARABIA

ABSTRACT Saudi Arabia is a major crude oil producer and exporter. Additionally, with the completion of its master gas gathering and treatment system petrochemical industries became the Kingdom's second major industrial sector. Currently, the Saudi petrochemical industry depends mainly on (C1) methane and (C2) ethane components of associated gas (AG) and natural gas (NG) as feedstocks. A variety of basic petrochemicals are now being produced principally by plants of the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC). There is a necessity of enhancing the use of various under-utilized hydrocarbon resources. At present, one of the favored under-utilized resources and potential candidates for upgrading is light naphtha (LN). Because LN has the advantage of producing a more diverse petrochemical product portfolio than C1 and C2 components, it is expected that LN will assume an increasing importance as feedstock in the future development of petrochemical industries in Saudi Arabia. However, industrial opportunities for economies of large-scale production of petrochemicals based on LN might not be favored. Saudi Arabia's chemical and petrochemical industrial sector has not yet been fully developed, and its production lines are not enough diversified to benefit from LN. The development and expansion of Saudi petrochemical industries usually follows the international trend in this sector, and benefits from its technological achievements. Worldwide global shift in the use of feedstock in this industrial sector will be reflected in the Saudi petrochemical industries. As the world trend is to maximize the utilization of under-utilized petroleum resources, one would expect optimization of LN utilization in Saudi Arabia in the near future.