Petrochemical Field Research Articles

Heilongjiang Petroleum & Petrochemical Service Outsourcing Industry Cluster Construction

Heilongjiang petroleum & petrochemical service outsourcing business covers whole industry chain of upstream, midstream and downstream of petroleum & petrochemical field, and owns technology, software and hardware support system. Petroleum & petrochemical service outsourcing enterprises and related organizations own the conditions of forming petroleum & petrochemical industry cluster, and the construction of petroleum & petrochemical service outsourcing industry cluster has certain necessity and feasibility. The construction goal is “One Base and Two Centers”. The construction measures include the introduction of well-known enterprises, the support to backbone enterprises as well as cultivation and introduction of talents, doing well training work, constructing platform facilities, integrating outsourcing market, strengthening organizational leadership and perfecting policy system, and so forth. Key words: Petroleum & petrochemical; Service outsourcing industry; Industry cluster

Experimental research on vibration reduction of high-rise petrochemical equipment

The wind-induced vibration of high-rise petrochemical equipment would do great harm to equipment operation and cause fatigue damage easily. Thus it is necessary to install some control device to reduce the vibration actively. Existing reinforcement methods include enlarging structural section, welding wind girder, adding braced frame system, fixing taut cable, etc. But each has some shortcomings. Therefore, the tuned mass damper (TMD), rarely used in high-rise petrochemical equipment, is studied by experiment to minimize wind-induced vibration, ensure safety operation and prolong service life. In the experiment, high-rise petrochemical equipment is properly simplified in order to verify the feasibility of the TMD. Parameters of the TMD are mainly researched, which include mass ratio and damping ratio. During the process, different mass ratios and damping ratios have been taken into account to understand the characteristics of the TMD under different conditions. By experiment, the changing tendencies of the natural frequency, damping ratio and top maximum displacement have been given after the simulator is implemented with the TMD. Experimental results show that the TMD is feasible for the wind-induced vibration control of high-rise petrochemical equipment, and that top maximum displacement of the simulator reduces by about 45% in the experimental condition. The experimental research has provided valuable preferences for practical application of the TMD in petrochemical field.

Vibration Fault Analysis in Screw Compressor and Foundation

With the characteristics of low noise, low vibration, high reliability and long life, Screw Compressor is the indispensable main equipment which widely used in petrochemical field. The abnormal vibration of Compressor will affect normal operation of the host, lead to damage of some main parts such as Compressor and motor and at the same time it’s an unneglectable hidden trouble for equipment’s safe operation. This article takes the data acquisition of vibration and the analyses of shake for two Ammonia Refrigeration Piston Compressors, and study at the reason about shock then take the effective shockproof treatment plan. All these ensure the stable running of the facility.

Natural goethite reduced with dithionite: Evaluation of the reduction process by XANES and Mössbauer spectroscopy and application of the catalyst in the oxidation of model organic compounds

Iron oxides have been used as catalyst in different industrial applications, prominently in the petrochemical field. Natural goethites are interesting materials since they have a high surface area compared to their synthetic counterparts and also have a high relative abundance in the environment. Chemical treatment with sodium dithionite may cause surface changes of the goethite improving its catalytic activity. In this work, a natural goethite was used after dithionite treatment in the catalytic oxidation of methylene blue and quinoline. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) were utilized for characterization. Quinoline oxidation by-products were monitored by electrospray mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). After treatment, hydrogen peroxide decomposition was enhanced, indicating a radical mechanism. The same mechanism can be ascribed for the catalytic oxidation of quinoline since hydroxylation intermediates were observed. The same kind of mechanism can also be proposed for the methylene blue oxidation.

Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/thiophene mixtures by polyethylene glycol membranes: Modeling and experimental

Gasoline desulfurization by membrane processes is a newly emerged technology, which has provided an efficient new approach for sulfur removal and gained increasing attention of the membrane and petrochemical field. A deep understanding of the solution/diffusion of gasoline molecules on/in the membrane can provide helpful information in improving or optimizing membrane performance. In this study, a desulfurization mechanism of polyethylene glycol (PEG) membranes has been investigated by the study of sorption and diffusion behavior of typical sulfur and hydrocarbon species through PEG membranes. A solution–diffusion model based on UNIFAC and free volume theory has been established. Pervaporation (PV) and sorption experiments were conducted to compare with the model calculation results and to analyze the mass transport behavior. The dynamic sorption curves for pure components and the sorption experiments for binary mixtures showed that thiophene, which had a higher solubility coefficient than n-heptane, was the preferential sorption component, which is key in the separation of thiophene/hydrocarbon mixtures. In all cases, the model calculation results fit well the experimental data. The UNIFAC model was a sound way to predict the solubility of solvents in membranes. The established model can predict the removal of thiophene species from hydrocarbon compounds by PEG membranes effectively.

Application of a long-period fibre grating-based transducer in the fuel industry

This work shows prospects of long-period fibre grating applications as transducers for fuel conformity analysis. The proposed long-period grating transducer was employed to assess the gasoline conformity in commercial gas stations. Grating responses were used to train and validate a radial base function topology of an artificial neural network. The obtained results show that fibre optic sensors supervised by artificial neural networks can integrate systems for smart sensing with high applicability in the petrochemical field. The radial base function had reached a correct classification probability of approximately 94%. The device applicability in the analysis of hydrated ethanol fuel was also investigated by measuring the concentration of ethanol in ethanol–water mixtures. The results showed that the developed transducer can be used to infer the ethanol–water concentration with a resolution of up to 0.23%.

Ceramic foam materials based on wastes from petrochemical fields

The use of leucoxene concentrate — a waste from the Yaregskoe Petrochemical Field — as a carbide-forming additive for obtaining ceramic foam materials is examined. Comparative physical – mechanical, thermophysical, and electrical characteristics of the ceramic foam materials obtained are presented and new carbide-forming formulas are proposed.

Hot deformation of duplex stainless steels

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) have become established materials, successfully employed in many industrial applications. Their combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance is particularly appreciated in the petrochemical field. Hot deformation of these two-phase materials is still a critical point because the different mechanical response of austenite and ferrite often leads to the formation of edge cracks. In the present research, two DSSs with different nitrogen contents, i.e. EN 1.4462 and EN 1.4410, have been subjected to uniaxial hot compression tests in a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. The microstructural changes produced as a consequence of the distinct test conditions have been analyzed by means of optical and electron microscopy. The characteristics of high temperature plastic flow of both DSSs are interpreted in terms of the classical hyperbolic sine equation. The results are finally discussed considering the intrinsic two-phase nature of the materials studied.

A contribution to the surface analysis and characterisation of HVOF coatings for petrochemical application

The appropriate selection of bulk materials and coatings of valve components is an important factor for the economic success of oil and gas production activities in the petrochemical field. Materials and coatings are important because particle erosion and surface wear are associated to corrosion by hydrogen sulphide during oil and gas flow. The wear of high pressure valves of gas system will lead to pollution, safety problems and cost increases. The most common solution of these problems is the deposition of hard materials as tungsten carbide or chromium carbide by thermal spray. These coatings are deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process to obtain a very high hardness with excellent cohesion and adhesion. Tungsten carbide cobalt–chromium based coating, chromium carbide nickel–chromium coating as well as Inconel 625 have been adopted in the specifications of petrochemical companies and their behaviour and wear, erosion and corrosion properties are reported in the literature.This paper addresses the experimental study, surface analysis and functional characterisation of HVOF coatings innovative for the specific application such as NiAl and composite material WC/intermetallic compounds containing Ni, Cr, Co and Mo. These coatings have been systematically submitted to corrosion and functional tests based on the determination of the behaviour of the coatings in H2S and CO2 atmosphere and to wear and erosion according to standard ASTM G75-95 (slurry test); material loss and surface damage have been determined; the coatings have been completely characterised from the point of view of the structure (morphology, porosity, hardness, wear) and of the surface properties by means of a prototype 3-dimensional (3-D) stylus micro-geometrical surface analysis system; their corrosion and functional behaviour have been compared with the behaviour of the above mentioned coatings.The slurry test allows a clear discrimination among the performances of analysed coatings. Namely, WC/Mo compound, because of its carbide content, shows fairly good behaviour in an erosive environment and higher erosion resistance than Inconel 625 and NiAl; all the tested coatings show similar behaviour in a corrosive environment.

MAERKER G-4855

Abstract MAERKER G-4855 is a heat resistant alloy casting for the petro chemical field. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on casting and joining. Filing Code: SS-619. Producer or source: Schmidt & Clemens Inc.

Development of a thick wear-resistant jet kote coating produced at high

The JET KOTE coating process is a high-velocity oxyfuel process used to form coatings of high quality and density. Coatings can be produced from carbide-bearing composite, alloyed metallic, nonmetallic, intermetallic, or pure metal powders. The coatings are used for wear and/or corrosion resistance in the aircraft, chemical, oil and gas, and steel manufacturing industries, as well as in other demanding fields. Many applications, especially in the petrochemical field, require thick coatings. Coatings must be applied economically, without loss of integrity. Thickness limitations are thought to be due to coating stress, which results in coating cracks and/or delamination and ultimately in failure. This paper examines the effects of operating parameters and techniques on the physical properties of thick coatings produced from Stelcar JK117, a tungsten carbide/17 % Co composite powder. Special emphasis is placed on those parameters which are economically desirable to achieve high deposition rates.

Magmatic differentiation of the volcanics at Pavagarh, Gujarat, India

Magmatic differentiation in Pavagarh adopted the courses corresponding to the olivine-basalt trend including olivine-basalt, mugearite, latite and pitch-stone and the normal basalt trend comprising tholeiitic basalts, andesite, dellenite, and rhyolite. The dellenite-rhyolite assemblage is not consanguineous. Their average composition corresponds with the petrochemical field of the basalt-andesite-dacite-rhyolite association or the calc-alkaline series of Nockolds. It lies in between plateau and tholeiitic basalts of different provinces and shows alkali enrichment in the initial phases of differentiation.