New scientific studies are moving into the era of big science with large facilities and global collaborations. Large amounts of data are being produced from large research facilities, generating challenges regarding data collection, processing, storing, and distributing. This study discusses some of the data challenges facing large scientific research projects and the practices to meet such challenges. High-energy physics is one such research area generating tens of petabytes of data per year. The data of high-energy physics experiments should be properly collected, securely stored, and distributed to and processed in laboratories around the world. The high-energy physics community has developed the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG)system, which successfully supports data processing and analysis for Large Hadron Collider experiments. The WLCG also successfully supports many other scientific disciplines. New technologies based on software-defined networks and cloud storage have been developed to provide new services in data management. The final section of the paper discusses the application of cloud computing in science computing.