The harmful consequences of several pesticides, such as Benzene Hexachloride (BHC), chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and atrazine on the environment and human health are examined in this study. Through a variety of exposure pathways, these pesticides carry concerns including neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive problems. Even though traditional degrading methods like fire and hydrolysis exist, their usefulness is limited and they may produce hazardous materials. Alternative methods, such as bacteria-mediated remediation, have the potential to efficiently and sustainably break down pesticides. Pesticides can be converted into non-toxic chemicals by the enzymes and metabolic pathways found in bacterial species such as Sphingomonas sp., Clostridium sp. and Pseudomonas sp. BHC degradation is aided by enzymes like LinA and LinB, whereas the breakdown of chlorpyrifos is mediated by organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) and methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH). Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus thuringiensis SG4 are effective at breaking down cypermethrin and break down atrazine using enzymes such AtzA, AtzB, and AtzC. This work highlights the potential of bioremediation to mitigate pesticide pollution and provides ecologically friendly alternatives for sustainable farming practices and ecosystem preservation by providing an understanding of bacterial mechanisms.
Read full abstract