Pest Birds Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM CERDAS PENGENDALI HAMA BURUNG PADA TANAMAN PADI DI LINGKUNGAN INTEGRATED MULTI-TROPHIC AQUACULTURE (IMTA)

Birds are one type of pest that worries many rice farmers when they enter the harvest period. During the harvest period, farmers start to get busy again with activities to protect their crops so that birds don't eat them. Efforts made by farmers to repel bird pests are still carried out conventionally, namely by tying ropes to poles and making scarecrows which are moved by farmers. If birds enter the rice fields, this is deemed less effective and efficient. As a follow-up to this problem, this research aims to help farmers protect rice plants from bird pests during the pre-harvest season. This intelligent system was built using laser sensors and can automatically detect and control bird pests. This laser beam is reflected by mirrors installed on both sides of the rice field. This mirror is used to reflect laser light to detect the presence of bird pests and send data to the ESP8266 MCU node to instruct the AC motor to pull the tassel rope to repel bird pests. Based on the research results, this tool has been implemented at IMTA so that this tool can be used to detect the presence of bird pests and control bird pests so that it can be used as an effort to control bird pests. Apart from that, monitoring the work of this tool system can be done remotely via the website.

Metallic light-based bird-repellent prototype to reduce paddy yield loss in Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency

Munia birds (Lonchura spp.) are pests that attack paddy plants during the reproductive phase. The traditional methods of controlling birds are considered less effective because birds can adapt to the tools used. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a metallic light-based bird-repellent prototype to reduce paddy yield loss. The experiment was conducted in Cileles Village paddy fields, Jatinangor Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The effectivity of the prototype was tested by measuring the effective distance (m2), counting the frequency of bird visits (number of visits), bird populations, and the level of paddy damage (%), and paddy yield (kg/64 m2). The result of the experiment showed that 3 m was an effectual deterrent factor for the prototype, thus the tool can protect paddy plants with an area of 28.26 m2. The frequency of bird arrivals in the treatment was 22.25 times, compared to 61.25 times in the control; the bird population in the treatment was 48.25 birds, while the control was 108.75 birds; the level of damage to paddy panicles in the treatment was 10.11%, compared to 37.79% in the control; and the production of paddy yield with the repellent was higher (33.37 kg/64 m2) than the control (23.09 kg/64 m2). This innovative prototype was potentially able to deter bird pests in the paddy fields.

Avifaunal Diversity in Telangana State: A Case Study in Campus of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India

Population Studies on different agricultural and other bird species were carried out at Students farm, College farm, Agri biodiversity park, and Agricultural Research Institute farm areas of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU) Campus in semiarid region of Telangana state covering an area of about 36 Sq.km. for a period of eleven years (2012 to 2023). Population diversity of 92 species of different birds, and their distribution within the university campus farm areas were recorded. Important among them are 9 species namely: Blue rock pigeon (Columba livia), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), Rose ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri),Common myna (Acridotheres tristis), House crow (Corvus splendens), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Baya weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus), White throated munia (Lonchura malabarica), and Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) which depredate experimental field crops among them only few birds such as: Rose ringed parakeets, House crows, House sparrows, Pigeons, Baya weavers, Peafowls and Munias were serious bird pests to major agricultural and horticultural crops. The University farm areas were found to be the most preferred habitat for many of these birds, it could be due to availability of food, breeding, roosting and resting sites in abundance because of more agricultural croplands and agro forestry trees.

A Low-Cost Detector and Eviction Module for Agricultural Bird Pest Design

A Low-Cost Detector and Eviction Module for Agricultural Bird Pest Design

Laser Scarecrows in Agriculture: An Innovative Solution for Bird Pests

Laser Scarecrows in Agriculture: An Innovative Solution for Bird Pests

Using birds of prey to manage pest bird flocks under lethal and non-lethal conditions – A review

Abstract Raptors have been successfully used to disperse and often control flocks of pest birds. However, the question that has not been resolved is, “If the raptor kills a small number of the target flock, does this improve the efficiency of control?” This mini-review examines the few research reports that have been published that can shed light on this question.

IOT Rancang Bangun Alat Pengusir Hama Burung pada Padi Sawah Petani Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)

This research aims to develop an effective and efficient bird pest repellent tool in farmers' rice fields by utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Bird pests often pose a serious threat to agricultural products, especially in rice fields. Through the application of IoT, this tool can monitor real-time bird activity around agricultural areas and take appropriate preventive measures. This tool is designed to utilize motion sensors or pir sensors, surveillance cameras, and a sound or visual signal delivery system to chase away birds. approaching agricultural areas. PIR sensors are widely used in a variety of applications, including home security systems, motion sensor lighting, and building automation. The main advantages of PIR sensors are their low power consumption and ability to provide fast response to movement, making them an efficient and effective choice for many detection applications. motion, data collected from sensors and cameras will be sent to the IoT platform with the Telegram application and which is connected via an internet connection, allowing farmers to monitor and control tools remotely via smart devices such as smartphones or computers. The main advantage of this tool is its ability to provide a quick response to the presence of bird pests, reduce agricultural yield losses and increase crop productivity. Additionally, integration with IoT provides high flexibility and connectivity, enabling continuous system optimization. designing this tool involves the hardware and software design stages. The hardware consists of a pir sensor, an esp 32 cam microcontroller, and a speaker and servo. While the software consists of Arduino Ide, Blynk and Telegram. After design, the tool is field tested for performance. Test results show that this tool is able to detect the presence of birds with good accuracy, provides a fast response in chasing them away, Telegram is able to communicate by giving commands and receiving images, Blynk can provide information on the condition of the tool when it is online and give commands to activate the servo, sound or both of them. With a significant removal success rate, this tool is successful in reducing losses caused by bird strikes in agriculture. Additionally, it has low power consumption and can be integrated with existing IoT platforms for remote monitoring and data analysis. It is hoped that this research can make a positive contribution to efforts to develop sustainable agricultural technology and improve farmers' welfare by protecting agricultural products from bird pest attacks. Thus, it is hoped that the implementation of this tool in the field can provide an innovative and efficient solution in controlling bird pests in farmers' rice fields.

A Deep Learning-Based Embedded System for Pest Bird Sound Detection and Proximity Estimation

Cultivating crops is vital for driving economies, and maintaining agricultural fields is crucial for sustaining food production. This initiative centers on addressing the issue of pest birds, specifically starlings, within vineyards. The proposed strategy employs sound signals to detect and distinguish starling birds within the vineyard environment. Through an analysis of audio inputs from the surroundings, the system can effectively recognize unique sound patterns associated with starling birds, utilizing deep learning techniques. Furthermore, this project incorporates ultrasonic sensors for distance estimation, enabling the calculation of the bird’s proximity from a fixed point within the vineyard. All of these detection and estimation processes are executed on a RP2040 microcontroller, specifically the Cortex-M0+ 133 MHz variant. Following the detection phase, an autonomous vehicle equipped with red diode lasers can be dispatched to the designated location to deter the pest birds and safeguard the vineyards from unwanted disruptions and crop losses.

Determining Rice Farming Risk Priorities in North Aceh Regency.

North Aceh is the main rice-producing district in the Indonesian province of Aceh. This research aims to determine the level of risk, the impact of risk, and the risks that must be prioritized in rice farming businesses in North Aceh Regency. The type of data used in this research is primary and secondary data. Data was collected using a survey method involving 180 respondents using a snowball sampling technique. The data analysis method used in this research is the Risk Calculator method. Risk Calculator is a method for determining priority risks. We found that the risks that need to be a top priority are bird pest attacks, rat pest attacks, Kresek disease attacks, blast disease attacks, and the risk of expensive farm labor wages and high harvest costs.

The influence of bird pest attack on rice damage and production in Kuantan Singingi

Birds pest in rice field activities are one of the important pest that attack. It has even caused 161,4 ha of crop loss and 124.05 ha of heavy damage in Riau. This neet to be handled and managed properly. This study was initiated by identifying the types and effects of bird pest attacks on the damage and productionof rice crops in Kuantan Singingi. This study was used a survey method by making plots (10x10 m), bird pests species and populations by using a point transect. Observations were carried out in the morning, afternoon and evening. Bird species identification refers to the MacKinnon Bird Guide in Sumatera, Jawa, and Bali. Diversity of birds pest was calculated by the Shannon-Wienner index, species richness by margaleft index, and species dominance by the Simpson index. This study were observed 1.045 birds attack of paddy field. Koto Kari site was observed 479 individual, 332 individu in Kampung Baru, and 214 in Sangau Lonchura striata was observed as many as 635 individuals. Species diversity index was 0.667, species richness index 0.288, density 0.616 and dominance value 0.527. the highest frequency of bird pest visit was in Koto Kari sithe which was 42 times while based on the species was Lonchura striata71 times with an attack time in the morning of 83 times. The highest damage to panicles by bird pest was caused by Lonchura maja at 46.09% but the highest loss of rice wight was caused by Lonchura striata.

Nesting trees used by a pest bird (Village Weaver, Ploceus cucullatus): a large field survey suggests further human conflicts with local stakeholders in Southern Nigeria

Abstract The village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) is a common colonial nesting bird widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. It is known to weave its nests from leaf strips from a variety of tree species (mainly coconuts trees, oil palm trees) associated with human settlement areas, grasses, and other available plants. In this regard, this bird was considered a pest for its impact on different economic activities. Although extensive literature is already available on the parasitic role of village weavers, there is still a lack of analytical data that outlines which tree species are used for nesting and in what proportion, as well as the related implications in terms of economic impacts. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive arrangement of trees used by this species for nesting in Southern Nigeria (West Africa), checking for possible different impacts on stakeholders. In April 2021, we searched for village weaver nesting in 95 sites in 77 communities from 24 local government areas in Southern Nigeria, during 14 field surveys. Within each site, we collected GPS coordinates and counted the number of active nests, nesting birds and occupied trees. We recorded a total of 5,776 nests and 2,140 birds in 94 plants belonging to 23 tree species selected for nesting. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; n = 45) was the most used tree species, as 2,990 (51.77%) nests and 873 (40.79%) birds were recorded. Our results indicate the preference for nesting on trees used by stakeholders belonging to agricultural (palm farmers), touristic (operators) and energy (gas flare stations) sectors with economic implications about the conflict with this pest species.

Performance Study and Formulation Optimization of Rapid‐Curing Local Insulating Spray Coating Materials

With the increasing incidence of bird damage affecting the reliability of transmission lines, addressing bird pest control has become an important task for the operation and maintenance of transmission lines. A viable solution involves the application of spray‐coated polyurea elastomer composite materials to insulate exposed conductive points and weakly insulated connection parts of transmission line towers. To improve the comprehensive performance of polyurea elastomers, in this study, a polyurea curing system was modified by incorporating aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and (boron nitride) BN nanoparticles. An orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the influence of different fillers on the comprehensive performance of polyurea elastomers. These nanoparticles partially filled the defects inherent in the polyurea and BN microparticles, improving the alternating current (AC) breakdown strength of these elastomers. Compared with filler‐free polyurea elastomers, optimal performance of the polyurea elastomers was achieved when using 5 wt% Al2O3, 0.4 wt% SiO2, and 5 wt% BN, resulting in a 15.75% increase in the AC breakdown strength and a 10.00% enhancement in the thermal conductivity.

Investigating Pest Birds Problems and Potential Solutions in Sawah Ring, Tangkak

In the agricultural sector, especially paddy fields, birds are considered pests when they destroy the paddy plants by eating the grains and reducing crop production. Pest birds are a common problem in agriculture. Nevertheless, studies of the pest birds, particularly on their distribution, ecology, and management, are still scarce in Malaysia. One of the significant pest birds in this case study is the Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio). The objectives of this study are (1) to identify pest birds species (2) to investigate the behaviour of Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) and (3) to provide potential solutions for pest birds problems to local farmers at Sawah Ring, Tangkak. The methods used were direct observation using binoculars, spotter scope, and a digital camera. Besides that, a survey through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews was also conducted among the local people at the study site. Five species of pest birds have been recorded, which are, Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio), Lesser Whistling Duck (Dendrocygna javanica), Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata), Javan Munia (Lonchura leucogastroides) and Baya Weaver (Ploceus philippinus). From the list, Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio), was identified as the most disturbing pest bird. The occurrence of this species were marked at Block 1, Block 3, Block 15, Block 16, Block 18, and Block 19 at Sawah Ring, Tangkak, and the species' behaviour (resting, nesting, feeding, etc.) was also recorded. In terms of solutions, several methods have been identified to overcome the pest bird problem based on the literature studies, such as physical and chemical repellent, buzzer and mesh networks, and also acoustic tools. Overall, pest birds are a significant problem in the paddy field areas of Sawah Ring, Tangkak. It reduced the quantity and quality of paddy production and caused losses to farmers. Understanding the occurrence and behaviour of pest birds is indeed crucial for better management of these pest bird species.

Bird Pests: Damage and Ecofriendly Management

Bird Pests: Damage and Ecofriendly Management

Devising an alternative technique to manufacture a radioisotope source of 60Co for irradiation device to ensure ornithological safety of aircraft flights

This paper reports an alternative technique for producing a source of hard gamma radiation with the 60Со isotope for the proposed device for radioactive irradiation of birds, which is also innovative in providing for ornithological aircraft flight safety. However, the high cost of producing a 60Со radionuclide source with activity sufficient to irradiate bird pests with a lethal or sterilizing dose poses a serious challenge. A solution to the problem of reducing the cost of a 60Со radionuclide source can be an alternative technique of its production outside the reactor. The results are characterized by the following features and distinctive peculiarities that make it possible to solve the problem under study: – an irradiation device with the radioactive isotope 60Со causes a lethal or sterilizing effect. This is much more effective in ensuring ornithological safety of aircraft flights compared to known methods of scaring away birds of prey, but is harmless to humans; – the production of 60Со radionuclide for the irradiation installation is carried out by thermal diffusion heating, which significantly reduces the cost of the source compared to the well-known methods of its production in a reactor and accelerator. The results obtained could find practical application in the field of civil aviation for ornithological flight safety, subject to compliance with national and international legislation. In addition, the proposed technique of manufacturing a 60Со radionuclide source, in addition to aviation ornithology, may find application in other sectors of industry, economics, and agriculture

Increasing perceived predation risk through playbacks reduces Red-winged Blackbird abundance in agriculture late in the breeding season

Abstract Perceived predation and brood parasitism risks strongly influence nesting habitat selection in several bird species. Here, we report on a playback experiment evaluating whether perceived predation or brood parasitism risk can reduce Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) abundances in agricultural nesting habitat. We broadcast Cooper’s Hawk vocalizations (Accipiter cooperii, a predator of adult blackbirds and nests), Brown-headed Cowbird vocalizations (Molothrus ater, a brood parasite of many passerine species, including blackbirds), and the “Sonic Net” as treatments, the latter of which is broadcast of frequencies that overlap with blackbird vocalizations and prevent blackbirds from accessing intraspecific communication informing of predator and brood parasite risks. Neither the hawk, cowbird, nor Sonic Net treatments reduced blackbird abundances at sites early in the breeding season (April to May), when blackbirds were selecting nesting habitat. In contrast, late in the breeding season (July to August), hawk vocalizations and the Sonic Net reduced blackbird abundances at sites, but cowbird vocalizations did not. Our late-breeding season results suggest that blackbirds may flexibly change responses to perceived predation risk based on their stage of reproductive investment. Perceived predation risk could potentially be used to manage pest birds that nest in agricultural landscapes, at least for crops that are vulnerable to birds late in the breeding season.

DENSITY AND NEST-SITE SELECTION OF INVASIVE MYNAS AND STARLINGS IN URBAN AND SUB-URBAN AREAS IN WESTERN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA

Urban pest bird species, such as the Asian Glossy Starling, Javan Myna, and Common Myna have been a persistent menace to urban properties. This study compares the population densities of each species within urban and sub-urban areas between Kuching and Kota Samarahan. It was found that Javan Myna and Common Myna populations are concentrated in Pending with population densities of 12.9 ind/ha and 13.3 ind/ha, respectively. The Asian Glossy Starling was found to occupy heavily populated areas in Waterfront and the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak campus, with a population density of 15.0 ind/ha at both sites. We also studied the nesting density and habitat requirements of these species. The highest record of nesting density for the Common Myna (0.8 nests/ha) and Javan Myna (0.7 nests/ha) is in Pending, while the Asian Glossy Starling (2.6 nests/ha) is in Waterfront. The following microhabitat variables influenced the birds’ nest site selection: i) nest distance from garbage bins; ii) nest distance from shrubs and grass; and iii) nest distance from trees. Additionally, the data indicated that the birds had a strong preference for nesting in artificial structures. The Common Myna (25%) chose to nest inside air vents, whereas the Javan Myna (29.63%) and Asian Glossy Starling (51.95%) preferred to nest in holes and cavities.

The Viability of a Grid of Autonomous Ground-Tethered UAV Platforms in Agricultural Pest Bird Control

Pest birds are a salient problem in agriculture all around the world due to the damage they can cause to commercial or high-value crops. Recent advancements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have motivated the use of drones in pest bird deterrence, with promising success already being demonstrated over traditional bird control techniques. This paper presents a novel bird deterrence solution in the form of tethered UAVs, which are attached and arranged in a grid-like fashion across a vineyard property. This strategy aims to bypass the power and endurance limitations of untethered drones while still utilising their dynamism and scaring potential. A simulation model has been designed and developed to assess the feasibility of different UAV arrangements, configurations, and strategies against expected behavioural responses of incoming bird flocks, despite operational and spatial constraints imposed by a tether. Attempts at quantifying bird persistence and relative effort following UAV-induced deterrence are also introduced through a novel bird energy expenditure model. This aims to serve as a proxy for selecting control techniques that reduce future foraging missions. The simulation model successfully isolated candidate configurations, which were able to deter both single and multiple incoming bird flocks using a centralised multi-UAV control strategy. Overall, this study indicates that a grid of autonomous ground-tethered UAV platforms is viable as a bird deterrence solution in agriculture, a novel solution not seen nor dealt with elsewhere to the authors’ knowledge.

Impact of COVID-19 on pest birds (Silver Gulls Larus novaehollandiae) on a popular tourist island

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, a popular tourist destination, was closed to the public for 72 days (from 25 March 2020 to 5 June), so that it could be used as a quarantine facility. Silver Gulls Larus novaehollandiae were surveyed in the main settlement area over 429 days, beginning at the commencement of the quarantine period, with a focus on a previously identified problem area, the shopping mall. These surveys allowed for the comparison of Silver Gull numbers with and without the presence of easily accessible anthropogenic food. The number of Gulls was extremely low during the quarantine period, followed by a 578% increase in the same period the following year when visitors returned. During the period of food scarcity, many of the Gulls appeared to have left the Island, which suggests that the number of pest birds on Rottnest Island can be influenced by the amount of anthropogenic food available to them.

Constraints to wheat production in Bakolori Irrigation Scheme Zamfara State, Nigeria

Due to numerous production constraints, the real yield of wheat under smallholder farmer conditions in Nigeria is poor. The current study aims to look into the constraints to wheat production in the Bakolori Irrigation Scheme. As a result, the study’s objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of wheat farmers as well as to identify the constraints to wheat production in the study area. Two stages of sampling were used in the study. Eight agricultural villages were randomly chosen for the first stage, followed by a random selection of 753 wheat respondent farmers in the second stage. The study’s data was gathered from primary sources via semi-structured interviews in the Bakura, Talata Mafara and Maradun Local Government Areas and evaluated using descriptive statistics. The findings found that the majority of respondents were males with little formal education and small land holdings. It also classified wheat production constraints as biotic, abiotic, and socioeconomic. With 73%, 75%, and 75% of responding farmers, respectively, the first major restrictions based on this categorization were birds, timely sowing, and timely availability of input. kurchiya (Dove: Coturnix ypsilophora,), and Hasbiya (Pigeon: Columba livia) were the most generally identified bird pest by respondents as the first to invade the crop after sowing, while Buwa (Quarrel birds: Galliformes. Quail), was the most commonly identified bird during the flowering and ripening stages. This study suggests that the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Anchor Borrowing Program be used to make credit loans available at the appropriate times, and be maintained, since this will encourage farmers to actively participate in wheat production. Keywords: