Peruvian University Students Research Articles

Propiedades psicométricas e invarianza del Cuestionario Habilidades Comunicativas (HABICOM) en universitarios peruanos

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and gender invariance of the Communication Skills Questionnaire (HABICOM). The sample consisted of 774 students from a state university in Arequipa. The factors were analyzed and confirmed as in the original study, obtaining satisfactory fit indices in its two subscales Personal Self-perception (c2 = 1977.683, gl = 499, p < .001; CFI = .945; TLI: .939; RMSEA = .061; SRMR = .042) and Professional Importance (c2 = 2534. 513, gl = 517, p < .001; CFI = .926; TLI = .919; RMSEA = .070; SRMR = .049) with adequate reliability indices on both subscales, for Personal Self-Perception (α = .63 and α = .85) and Professional Importance (α = .91 and α = .77) respectively. Gender invariance was adequate for the Personal Self-perception subscale; however, this did not occur for the Professional Importance subscale. The HABICOM questionnaire in general is adequate to measure communication skills in Peruvian university students. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and gender invariance of the Communication Skills Questionnaire (HABICOM). The sample consisted of 774 students from a state university in Arequipa. The factors were analyzed and confirmed as in the original study, obtaining satisfactory fit indices in its two subscales Personal Self-perception (c2 = 1977.683, gl = 499, p < .001; CFI = .945; TLI: .939; RMSEA = .061; SRMR = .042) and Professional Importance (c2 = 2534. 513, gl = 517, p < .001; CFI = .926; TLI = .919; RMSEA = .070; SRMR = .049) with adequate reliability indices on both subscales, for Personal Self-Perception (α = .63 and α = .85) and Professional Importance (α = .91 and α = .77) respectively. Gender invariance was adequate for the Personal Self-perception subscale; however, this did not occur for the Professional Importance subscale. The HABICOM questionnaire in general is adequate to measure communication skills in Peruvian university students.

Digital Uses of Students and College Success

While, at an educational level, the supposedly innovative nature of digital tools is the subject of passionate debate among teachers, the question of enhancing learning is raised less frequently. To capture this variable, this research was carried out in the first semester of 2020. The objective was to identify the place that digital technology occupies in the way university students study and to measure the effects of certain uses of digital technology on exam results. The quantitative approach and the field design were applied. Data were collected through a survey conducted among 325 volunteer Peruvian university students enrolled in three teacher training specialties: Social Sciences, Mathematics, and Language and Literature. The analyzes show that students make little use of digital tools to study in-depth and that when they use them, it is for instrumental purposes. Likewise, the statistical models reveal the absence of a significant effect of the student body’s digital activities on the exams’ results.

Perception of peruvian university students about virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic

Perception of peruvian university students about virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic

Information and Communication Technologies in Peruvian University Students: A Confirmatory Analysis of Their Frequency and Extent of Use

Pedagogical strategies with technology have an impact on university academic teaching. Hence, there is a need to develop competencies that allow the efficient use of various digital resources. The present study validated through a confirmatory factor analysis the constructs proposed in the CUTIC-28 in a sample of 318 Peruvian university students. It was a quantitative approach research at a descriptive level and based on a non-experimental design. The results demonstrated, as reflected in each metric of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the theoretical and empirical sustainability of the original questionnaire to assess the frequency and extent of ICT use in Peruvian university students; the set of data reported offers the certainty that it is a defensible and sustainable factorial model. The covariances and correlations between the dimensions and subdimensions are highly significant and positive, and, therefore, the factorial structure is confirmed by the sample data. The confirmed scale has adequate properties that allow it to be considered a valid and reliable measure in future research, even after adding other variables, such as gender, age, and type of university, among the variables of interest that show significant differences. The results also show that there is still a knowledge gap to be covered.

Enneagram typologies and healthy personality to psychosocial stress: A network approach.

Enneagram typologies may impact psychological well-being and stressful situations in college students. However, the literature is still limited in the study of dynamic personality models such as the Enneagram in Spanish-speaking university students, and a better understanding is needed. To analyze network associations and centrality measures of Enneagram personality typologies in Peruvian university students. A total of 859 Peruvian university students responded to two instruments assessing: The Pangrazzi's Enneagram personality types and healthy personality to psychosocial stress. All instruments showed good psychometric values (validity and consistency). A regularized cross-sectional network structure was estimated with Gaussian graphical model and the graphical LASSO. Enneagram types 4, 5, and 6 presented the highest and positive associations in the network structure. Type 6 emerged as the node with the highest predictability. The healthy personality and type 7 acted as bridges between the communities, with types 6, 7, and 8 being the most central nodes. The findings suggest that Enneagram type 7 with healthy personality to psychosocial stress plays an important role in the development of the causal activation of the network model. The network shows causal associations between psychosocial stress and types 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Factors Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Peruvian University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students have adopted measures that completely transformed their educational environment, and this has generated an increase in psychological stress. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with anxiety, depression, and stress in students at a university in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in students in Lima, Peru. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and associate it with socio-educational and COVID-19-related variables using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution, log link, and robust variance. Of 400 students surveyed, 19.2%, 23.2% and 17.2% of students presented depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The frequency of depression (PR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99), anxiety (PR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.99) and stress (PR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86-0.99) was lower in women. The students of the engineering and business faculty presented a higher frequency of anxiety (PR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00-1.22). There was a greater frequency of presenting anxiety, depression and stress in students who worked in a different area of health or did not work. Our results suggest the importance of promoting mental health awareness campaigns in university students due to the constant academic load they have.

Personality traits and the practice of sexting among Peruvian university students

Sexting has gained importance in the digital era, and this research contributes to address its implications on the mental health and interpersonal relationships of young people, highlighting the need to educate about its risks and consequences. The study focused on analyzing the link between sexting and personality traits in psychology students at a university in Lima, Peru. Using a quantitative correlational-descriptive methodology, psychological traits associated with this practice were identified and differences were observed according to gender and age in the disposition towards sexting. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon in the university context and provide relevant information for the design of educational and preventive strategies aimed at promoting a responsible and safe use of technology in this population.

Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and virtual media use as depression and emotional exhaustion predictors among college students during COVID-19

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between depression, emotional exhaustion, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy, and the use of virtual media in Peruvian university students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 569 college students (61.9% female), with a mean age of 21.73 years (standard deviation = 4.95), responded to the following questionnaires: Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Single Item Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Scale of Satisfaction with Studies, Scale of Use of Virtual Media, Patient Health Questionnarie-2, and Single Item of Academic Emotional Exhaustion. Correlation statistics, regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. The results demonstrated a direct and significant correlation between virtual media use, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, depression, and emotional exhaustion (p < .01). In addition, satisfaction with studies (β = −0.13), academic self-efficacy (β = −0.19), self-esteem (β = −0.14), and emotional exhaustion (β = 0.19) predicted depression significantly, whereas virtual media use (β = 0.17), study satisfaction (β = 0.09), and depression (β = 0.20) predicted emotional exhaustion associated with academics. The SEM model indicated that self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and academic self-efficacy negatively predict depression, whereas academic self-efficacy positively predicts virtual media use. Finally, both virtual media use and depression positively predict emotional exhaustion. This model presents optimal goodness-of-fit indices (X2 = 8.926, df = 6, p = .178; comparative fit = .991, Tucker–Lewis = .979, root mean square error of approximation = .029 [confidence interval 90% = .000–.067], standardized root mean square residual = .022). Thus, academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, satisfaction with studies, and virtual media use predict depression and emotional exhaustion among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adaptation and validation of the woman abuse screening tool (WAST) in peruvian university students

Adaptation and validation of the woman abuse screening tool (WAST) in peruvian university students

Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-L): Psychometric and Measurement Invariance Evidence in Peruvian Undergraduate Students

Given the theoretical and applied importance of self-regulation in learning, our study aimed to report the internal structure of the psychometric properties of the Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Five hundred and ninety-six Peruvian university students participated in their first to tenth semesters on campuses in Lima, Trujillo, and Cajamarca. Nonparametric scalability, dimensionality, reliability (score and item levels), and latent invariance were analyzed. The results showed that reducing the number of response options was necessary. Reducing the number of items also produced better scaling. Two slightly related dimensions were strong internal validity and acceptable item reliability; furthermore, reliability was adequate. Age and gender had trivial correlations in item variability. Finally, differences between the semesters were obtained in the means, variances, and latent correlations. In conclusion, we propose a better definition of the constructs of autonomy and control measured by the SRQ-L. This article also discusses the limitations and implications of the study.

Perception of Environmental Problems Among Higher Education Students in Peru

Environmental education aims to rethink the relationship between human beings and nature. It is the most effective tool to generate change towards improving the environment and sustainable development. The university environment is emerging as the ideal context to establish an environmental education that promotes the training of professionals responsible for the environment and sustainable development. In this case, the work aims at exploring the perception of Peruvian university students regarding environmental problems both at the local and national levels. To do this, a survey was conducted of 714 university students of different ages, from different locations and university careers.

Influence of family and academic satisfaction on life satisfaction among Peruvian university students in the times of COVID-19: The mediating role of self-esteem

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of family and academic satisfaction on the self-esteem and life satisfaction among Peruvian university students.MethodOf the 1,182 Peruvian university students who participated, 364 were male; and 818 were female; and ranged from 17 to 39 years of age (mean = 20.67, SD = 4.4). The family satisfaction scale (FSS), the Escala breve de satisfacción con los estudios (EBSE; Brief Academic Satisfaction Scale in Spanish), Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (RSES), and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) were used to perform the assessments.ResultsThe study model showed an adequate fit (χ2 19.5, p &amp;lt; 0.001, CFI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.057), confirming the association between family satisfaction and life satisfaction (β = 0.26, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and the correlation between academic satisfaction and self-esteem (β = 0.35, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.23, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The model accounted for 42% of life satisfaction.ConclusionFamily satisfaction and academic satisfaction affect self-esteem and life satisfaction.

Depression, anxiety, and insomnia among Peruvian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the frequency of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, and their respective associated factors in students of Peruvian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Students from 15 Peruvian universities (Private universities: 10, public universities: 5) participated, 72.3% located in Lima city, and the remaining fraction located in other cities of the country. The evaluation of depression, anxiety, and insomnia was performed with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), “Generalized anxiety disorder” (GAD-7), and “Insomnia Severity Index” (ISI), respectively. Data collection was carried out from June to September 2021. Results: A total of 792 students with a median age of 22 years (Q3=23, Q1=21) participated. Of the sample, 58% (n=459) presented depression, 52.7% (n=417) anxiety, and 47.1% (n=373) presented insomnia. Female students had a higher risk for the development of symptoms of depression (ORa=1.55, CI9%: 1.16-2.08), anxiety (ORa=1.90, CI95%: 1.42-2.55), and insomnia (ORa=1.42, CI95%: 1.06-1.92). The presence of a history of any medical illness was associated with a higher risk of depression (ORa=1.78, CI95%: 1.22-2.60), anxiety (ORa=1.82, CI95%: 1.26-2.63), and insomnia (ORa=1.79, CI95 %:1.24-2.58).

Examining Academic Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support as Predictors for Coping With Stress in Peruvian University Students

This study determines if academic self-efficacy and perceived social support are predictors for coping with stress in Peruvian university students. A cross-sectional research study of the predictive design was employed. The study participants included 455 Peruvian university students. The global academic self-efficacy questionnaire, perceived social support survey, and academic stress coping scale were employed for the analysis. Further, the collected data were analyzed using correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression models. The study results revealed a statistically significant relationship between coping with stress, academic self-efficacy, and perceived social support. Linear regression analyses reported a satisfactory fit for the model (F-test = 76.938, p &amp;lt; 0.001) wherein academic self-efficacy (β = 0.292, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and perceived social support (β = 0.360, p &amp;lt; 0.01) are variables that significantly predict stress-coping means used by the study participants (adjusted R2 = 0.25). Hence, it is evident that academic self-efficacy and perceived social support are predictors for coping with stress in Peruvian university students.

Psychometric properties of the research attitude index (IAI) in a population of Peruvian university students

The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Research Attitude Index (IAI) in a sample of Peruvian university students. The sample consisted of 1188 students, 56.6% of whom were female and 43.4% male, ranging in age from 17 to 60 years old. After the factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory), the three factors or dimensions of the instrument were consolidated, and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, finding good internal consistency. In addition, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) validity was found, all values being adequate to verify the psychometric quality of the instrument.

Translation and Validation of the Online Homework Distraction Scale for Peruvian University Students

The objective of this study was to translate and validate the Online Homework Distraction Scale (OHDS) for Peruvian university students. Accordingly, an instrumental cross-sectional study was conducted with 811 university students, including students of both sexes aged between 16 and 39 (M = 20.96 years; SD = 4.42) residing in the city of Lima. The content-based validity evidence was analyzed using Aiken’s V coefficient based on the internal structure through a confirmatory factor analysis and considered in relation to other variables a through correlation analysis. The reliability was calculated using the Omega coefficient. Expert opinions were favorable for all items (V &amp;gt; 0.70). The one-dimensional structure of the scale was confirmed, and it presented acceptable reliability (α &amp;gt; 0.70). Thus, the OHDS for university students is a measure with a valid and reliable scale.

Entrepreneurial Profile. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAO) in Peruvian University Students

Entrepreneurship is a possible solution that can guarantee labour insertion, but also allows its inclusion in disparate societies. also allows its inclusion in disparate societies. The aim of the study was to validate by means of a confirmatory factor analysis a measurement model to determine the profile of the university entrepreneur that from the constructs proposed in the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAO) can be tested in the university context in particular. The study corresponds to a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, carried out in a private university in Lima, Peru, where 271 undergraduate and postgraduate students were selected. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to check the sustainability of the instrument. The proposed model corroborated the main fit indicators of the confirmatory factor analysis, the covariances between constructs are highly significant and positive, so the structure is confirmed by the data. The findings allow us to approve and corroborate the empirical sustainability of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAO) for the entrepreneurial profile model in Peruvian university students.

Cross-cultural validity of the five items Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) in Peru and Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5) is a brief measure of the general tendency to be attentive and aware of experiences in the present moment during daily life. The MAAS-5 has been used in different countries; however, an assessment of its cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) has not been conducted. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the MAAS-5 in university students from two countries: Peru and Mexico. A total of 1144 university students from Peru (N = 822) and Mexico (N = 322) responded online to the Spanish version of the 5-item Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS-5). A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Measurement invariance tests the hypothesis that the model behind a set of scores is comparable between groups. The results showed that the unidimensional structure of the MAAS-5 is the same between Peruvian and Mexican university students. Therefore, it is suggested that university students from both countries conceptualize the mindfulness in a similar way. As a result, the MAAS-5 can be used to compare differences between countries. No significant differences were observed in the MAAS-5 score between Peruvian and Mexican university students. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the psychometric properties of the MAAS-5 by presenting MI results in two Latin American countries. Implications of the findings are discussed, which will facilitate a more solid and reliable use of the MAAS-5 in future cross-cultural studies.

Psychological Distress, Anxiety, and Academic Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Study Satisfaction Among Peruvian University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The objective of this research study was to determine if psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy predict satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional and predictive design was used, in which 582 Peruvian university students participated, 243 men and 339 women, between the ages of 16 and 41. Student’s t-statistics were used to analyze the differences in scores of psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies based on the sex of the participants, Pearson’s R was used for the analysis of correlations between variables, and multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictive model. In the analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. The results show that men have higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and academic self-efficacy than women do (p < 0.01); high levels of psychological distress correlate with high levels of anxiety (r = 0.580, p < 0.01) and low levels of satisfaction with studies (r = –0.178, p < 0.01) and academic self-efficacy (r = −0.348, p < 0.01); high levels of anxiety correlate with low levels of satisfaction with studies (r = −0.122, p < 0.01) and academic self-efficacy (r = –0.192, p < 0.01); and high levels of academic self-efficacy correlate with high levels of satisfaction with studies (r = 0.429, p < 0.01). Academic self-efficacy was also found to predict satisfaction with studies (β = 0.429, p < 0.01). This concludes that, although there are significant correlations between psychological distress, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and satisfaction with studies, academic self-efficacy is the variable that most predicts satisfaction with studies in Peruvian university students.

Design and Validation of a Research Motivation Scale for Peruvian University Students (MoINV-U)

The aim of the study was to design and validate a research motivation scale for Peruvian university students (MoINV-U). Instrumental design study where a scale of 16 items distributed in two factors (willingness and interest) was designed and validated. A total of 2,249 university students (59.2% women) participated in the study. To analyze the evidence of content-based validity, Aiken’s V coefficient was used; for construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used, and reliability was studied through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The items received a favorable evaluation (Aiken’s V &amp;gt; 0.70). The goodness-of-fit indices were adequate (CFI = 0.959, TLI = 0.950 and RMSEA = 0.080), likewise, the correlation between factor 1 and 2 was significant (p &amp;lt; 0.05), evidence of validity was obtained based on the relationship with other variables with measures of academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination and the reliability was acceptable (α = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.86–0.88). The MoINV-U scale is a tool that presents evidence of validity and reliability for the sample of Peruvian university students.