Peruvian Market Research Articles

Predicting willingness to consume healthy brand foods using the theory of planned behavior: the role of nutritional literacy.

The willingness to consume healthy foods has highlighted the growing importance of health, even more so when it comes to food choice, and predicting the willingness to consume foods of a healthy brand represents an action that leads to the practice of conscious eating habits, but what is behind this willingness? To answer this question and based on previous studies such as the theory of planned behavior and nutritional literacy, this study aimed to build a predictive model through an empirical study to examine the influence of nutritional literacy (NL) on attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), as well as to determine the influence of the three variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the willingness to consume healthy brand foods (WCHBF) in the Peruvian market. The research focused on the population that stated that they were consumers of the Unión brand (a brand whose value proposition is the sale of healthy foods), obtaining 482 consumers. The study was conducted under a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design approach. The results support the existence of a positive and significant effect of NL on ATT, SN, and PBC, finding the exact behavior of SN and PBC in WCHBF; however, in the proposed model, it is observed that ATT has no impact on WCHBF. Applying strategies that lead to a change in consumer behavior towards healthy brands is a matter of time and will. In this context, the findings indicate that nutritional literacy plays an essential role in the willingness to consume healthy foods, which sheds more light on the design of educational interventions and awareness campaigns that independently inform about nutritional benefits and empower consumers, allowing them to make informed and healthy choices.

Influence of environmental awareness on the willingness to pay for green products: an analysis under the application of the theory of planned behavior in the Peruvian market.

This paper aimed to build a predictive model through an empirical study to examine the influence of environmental awareness (EA) on attitude (ATT) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), as well as to determine the influence of the three variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on willingness to pay (WP) for green products in the Peruvian market. A total of 405 Peruvian consumers were surveyed. Most of them were between the ages of 18 and 30 and single. To test the hypotheses, partial least squares (PLS-SEM) were used using the SamrtPls4 software. The results show the significant positive effect of EA on ATT and PBC. The positive and significant effect of ATT, SN, and PBC on WP was also tested A total of 405 Peruvian consumers were surveyed. Most of them were between 18 and 30 years old and single. To test the hypotheses, partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was used using SamrtPls4 software. The results show the positive and significant effect of AD on ATT and PBC. The positive and significant effect of ATT, SN and PBC on WP was also tested. The research provides antecedents that allow evaluation of the possibility that companies and governments adjust the dissemination strategies and related public policies regarding the impact of environmentally responsible behavior in order to contribute to the development of environmental awareness as a variable that promotes the disposition of consumers to pay for environmentally friendly products.

EcoTrend: new line of the ecological toilet in the Peruvian market

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of the study are to analyze the launch of a new business line for Trend at the commercial and market levels; identify the potential of the green consumer in Peruvian emerging market; and apply strategic tools to analyze the viability of launching a new business line in a new market. Case overview/synopsis José Luis Galindo planned to launch a new line of toilets in the Peruvian market called EcoTrend, based on the analysis of the responsible consumption trend and the presence of a new green consumer. Therefore, he carried out a series of studies and estimates to define the feasibility of the value proposition of his ecological toilet. However, Galindo doubted if these studies and estimates were enough to carry out the launch and commercial success of the EcoTrend line. Galindo, founder and current general manager of a company called Cerámica Industrial Trend S.A.C, is broadly knowledgeable about the construction sector in Peru and has more than 30 years of work experience in the ceramic bathroom fixtures industry. Throughout his professional career, Galindo has managed three of the leading bathroom fixture companies in Peru. However, it was when he started Trend, a company focusing specifically on the manufacture of toilets, that his dream of becoming an entrepreneur came true. Trend is focused on its one-piece toilet line. These toilets are characterized by their high-quality workmanship, which is achieved through the efficient and distinctive production process of Trend’s workforce. The workforce stays on its toes due to constant, thorough training, a key to Trend’s market competitiveness. In addition, the new EcoTrend line sowed in Galindo uncertainty in the commercial viability because the product was new in the market and was going to bring a great challenge. Complexity academic level Depending on the scope of the course, different teaching objectives could be oriented toward entrepreneurship, management sciences, strategy and green marketing. The case can be used to teach higher level undergraduate marketing and management courses. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.

Nutritional information on the labels of processed and ultra-processed foods and beverages marketed in a supermarket chain in Lima in 2022.

Motivation for the study. Peruvian Law No. 30021 establishes the use of warning octagons for foods with high content of critical nutrients (sugar, sodium, saturated and trans fats); however, the declaration of nutritional information is not mandatory. Main findings. Of a total of 4404 processed and ultra-processed foods marketed in supermarkets in Lima, only 71.4% declared some type of nutritional information. In addition, only 46.0% declared information on the content of critical nutrients regulated by Law No. 30021. Implications. There is a need for a mandatory and standardized declaration of nutritional information on packaged foods marketed in Peru, in order to allow the population to make healthy decisions when choosing their food and to monitor the correct use of warning octagons. . To estimate the number of processed and ultra-processed beverages and foods that provide nutritional information on their packaging, and to describe the characteristics of this information, as well as to determine the presence of nutritional information on products with octagons. Photographs were taken of the labels of 4404 processed and ultra-processed beverages and foods marketed in supermarkets in Metropolitan Lima. The information on the label was collected and registered in the mobile and web version of the Food Label Information Program (FLIP). We analyzed variables related to the nutritional information, the way in which such information is declared and the information in beverages and foods with octagons. Only 71.4% of the products had some type of nutritional information. Of these, 13.8% provided the nutritional information as a text and not in a table, and only 56.3% declared it per 100 grams or milliliters. Of the total number of foods with the octagon "Contains trans fats", only 19.2% declared their content. More than a quarter of the beverages and packaged foods in the Peruvian market did not provide nutritional information of any kind, and of those that did, only one did so in different formats and units. In addition, we found that a proportion of beverages and foods for each type of octagon did not declare information of the nutrient that is mentioned in the octagon.

Contamination by Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria on Cell Phones of Vendors in a Peruvian Market.

Background and Objectives. Multiple studies have evaluated the presence of bacterial contamination on cell phones in clinical settings; however, the presence and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on cell phones in the community have not been adequately elucidated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the presence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics on the cell phones of vendors in a Peruvian market and the associated factors. A sample of 127 vendors was obtained through stratified probabilistic sampling using a data collection form validated by experts. Cell phone samples were cultured using a standard technique, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine factors associated with resistance in cell phone cultures. Results. Among the cell phones, 92.1% showed bacterial growth, predominantly Gram-positive bacteria (coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus), and 17% of the cultures showed resistance to at least three antibiotics evaluated. Two strains fell into the category of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and three strains of E. coli had resistance to carbapenems. Conclusions. A short distance between customers and vendors, lack of a cell phone case, and having a cell phone with touchscreen are factors associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria on cell phones.

E-RetailTest: Scale to Assess the Attitude of Consumers towards E-Commerce in the Retail Sector

Changes in consumer behavior are driven by tastes and preferences that change over time as their socioeconomic conditions change. The objective of this study was to validate the psychometric characteristics of the e-RetailTest scale, created to measure consumer attitudes towards online shopping in developing countries, particularly in the Peruvian market. The e-RetailTest evaluates five variables present in the online purchase process: (a) quality of web design, (b) risk when making a purchase, (c) customer service, (d) security and (e) satisfaction, with a total of twenty items using a Likert scale. A total of 422 valid responses were collected from Peruvian consumers who had had online shopping experience in the retail sector. Statistically, we worked with the AFE exploratory factor analysis and the AFC confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggest that this first version of the e-RetailTest presents adequate psychometric evidence to measure the attitude of consumers towards online purchases in the retail sector in the Peruvian market. Thus, it seeks to contribute to the advancement of the study of these important variables of Latin American consumer behavior.

Characterization of the Fintech Industry for the Peruvian Market

Financial technology companies in Latin America and the world, typically known as Fintech, are growing at a significant rate. However, a detailed analysis on the main influencers on the success or survival of these technologies remains to be discussed. This research determines the variables and social actors that characterize the Fintech ecosystem. For this purpose, a descriptive design was employed under the methodology of structural analysis, making use of tools such as a panel of experts and the MICMAC software (Matrix of Crossed Impacts Multiplication Applied to a Classification). The results suggest that investment, customer management and behavior due to COVID-19 are considered key variables in the current Fintech market. While the SBS (Superintendency of Banking, Insurance and AFP), Peruvian Fintech companies and clients are considered as the preponderant social actors. The findings constitute a basis for the design and strategic planning of future scenarios aimed at minimizing risks and making the most of the opportunities offered by this industry 4.0 new market.

In-field screening of trans-fat levels using mid- and near-infrared spectrometers for butters and margarines commercialized in the Peruvian market

We aimed at developing fast and accurate predictive algorithms to quantify trans-fat, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and other fatty acids using portable and handheld infrared sensors for butter and margarine products. Butter (n = 21) and margarine (n = 15) samples were collected from local grocery stores in Lima, Peru. Their fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography fatty acid methyl ester analysis (GC-FAME). Infrared spectra were collected using portable (five-reflections) and handheld (single-reflection) infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectrometers and a palm-sized Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) sensor. None of the margarine samples, except those made with partially hydrodenated oils (PHOs), contained trans-fat, and the trans-fat levels in the butters ranged from 0.24 to 0.62 g trans-fat/serving. Partial least squares regression models showed strong correlation (RPre ≥0.91), low standard error of prediction (SEP≤2.62), and high predictive performance based on the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD: 1.4–15.1) and Ratio of Error Range (RER: 5.7–56.9). Quantification and classification models obtained with the five-reflections FTIR-ATR system exhibited best performances in terms of RPre, SEP, RPD, and RER, followed by the single-reflection FTIR-ATR and FT-NIR systems, respectively. Portable and handheld devices therefore can provide real-time and in situ results to the fat/oil and dairy industry and regulatory agencies for actionable decisions.

Design and experimental analysis of an improved burner with natural gas

This research aimed to improve the thermal performance of industrial cookstoves using natural gas in Metropolitan Lima to promote good use of energy and reduce the impacts of climate change. The methodology was to use an appropriate test bench under the international standards of fuel gases; the appropriate instrumentation was used to record the variables such as temperature, pressure, mass flow, and relative air humidity. The burner was installed in the prototype cookstove and test bench to perform the experimental part. After that, the powers and performances of several industrial cookstoves in the Peruvian market were determined for comparison with the design of the prototype cookstove following the experimental methodology of 02 international standards, one Latin American and one Asian. The burner designed and manufactured in previous research gave a wide range of natural gas power according to the working pressure used and high efficiency of approximately 57% compared to the cookstoves that are sold nationwide, which on average is 53%. The advantage of this prototype cookstove is that it uses operating pressures between 23 and 34 mbar compared to stoves in the Peruvian market that do not have a standard of the maximum gas pressure.

Bioprospection of Native Antagonistic Rhizobacteria From the Peruvian Coastal Ecosystems Associated with Phaseolus vulgaris.

Phaseolus vulgaris is originally from the American continent. It is renowned as one of the preferred legume choice in the Peruvian market, due to its high content of nutrients. The Peruvian coast valleys are key-production areas for local varieties of the common bean crops. Soil-borne plant pathogens, however, favored by soil and environmental conditions, may reduce crop production. The aim of this study was to conduct a bio prospection of the antagonistic native bacteria of the north, south and central part of the coastal areas related to the common bean. A collection of 26 strains isolated from the rhizosphere of common bean plants showed high potential to control the growth of Sclerotinia, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia due to the production of both volatile and non-volatile organic compounds. Most of the strains were able to suppress fungal growth due to the presence of non-volatile organic compounds, such as hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores and antifungal lipopeptide production. Bacillus IcBac2.1 strain showed a remarkable ability to halt the majority of phytopathogens producing antifungal lipopeptides. The crude lipopeptides were soluble in polar solvents and remained stable at high temperatures and low pH. Strains were also able to inhibit fungal growth through volatile organic compounds. Alcaligenes TvPs2.4 and Pseudomonas TvPs1.6 showed the highest inhibition strength against the tested phytopathogens. Each strain produced 21 volatile organic compounds detected by SPME/GC-MS analysis. The compounds with the highest concentration were dimethyl disulfide andD-limonene. The 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that the strains were closely related to Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Alcaligenes.

E-Business Model to Optimise Sales through Digital Marketing in a Peruvian Company

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the Peruvian market, generating a great loss in sales in Peruvian companies. The objective of the research is to develop a model to optimize sales with the use of digital marketing in a Peruvian company, the chosen methodology is DesingScrum, which is a hybrid of Scrum and Desing Thinking, with 10 phases (empathize, define. It has 10 phases (empathise, define, ideate, planning meeting, sprint backlog, daily meeting, sprint review, sprint retrospective sprint, prototype and testing) and the MarvelApp tool was used to create the prototype. The results are obtained after the completion of the review of each sprint, showing in detail how it was progressing in each sprint, and through the retrospective evaluated the development of the project for the realization of continuous improvement in the next product. Further prototype was made, with the application MarvelApp, which shows the model of e-business. Then testing was done through a survey that customers gave their opinions about the prototype and finally the digital marketing proposal was made by a model, which explains the interconnected tools to attract new customers. The conclusion is the construction of the digital marketing model according to the needs of the context to improve the sales of the company through e-business.

HOW LONG IS THE MEMORY OF THE REGION LAC STOCK MARKET?

Coronavirus Covid-19 is a type of outbreak that first appeared in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12, 2020. This trial aims to test the hypothesis of an efficient market, in its weak form, in the context of the global pandemic, in the financial markets of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Mexico. The sample comprises daily data from July 2015 to June 2020 and is divided into two sub-periods pre and during Covid-19. The purpose of this analysis was to answer whether: i) the global pandemic (Covid-19) increased synchronization in the financial markets under analysis? ii) if so, could the persistence of profitability delimit the hypothesis of portfolio diversification? The results of the Gregory-Hansen test show very significant levels of integration in the periods before and during the Covid pandemic. In addition, we found that most of the breaks in structure are in March 2020. The results of the DFA exponents show that during the pre-Covid period, the Peruvian market shows persistence, suggesting signs of inefficiency (long memories), while the Argentinean market shows anti persistence, and the remaining markets show an equilibrium trend. In addition, we found that during the VOCID period the Chilean and Colombia markets show very significant signs of inefficiency, with moderate signs of in (efficiency) the Argentinean, Brazilian and Peruvian markets. In addition, we verified that the Mexican market shows signs of anti-persistence. In conclusion, the emerging markets of Latin America show, for the most part, long persistent and significant memories during the Covid pandemic outbreak, that is, they show signs of in (efficiency). The authors consider that the results achieved are of interest to investors seeking opportunities in these stock exchanges, as well as to policy makers to carry out institutional reforms in order to increase the efficiency of stock markets and promote the sustainable growth of financial markets.

Development of a multiple regression model to calibrate a low-cost sensor considering reference measurements and meteorological parameters.

Low-cost air quality sensors are widely used to improve temporal and spatial resolution of air quality data. In Lima, Peru, only a limited number of reference air quality monitors have been installed, which has led to a lack of data for establishing environmental and health policies. Low-cost technology is promising for developing countries because it is small and inexpensive to operate and maintain. However, considerable work remains to be done to improve data quality. In this study, a low-cost sensor was installed with a reference monitor station as the first stage for the calibration process, and a multiple regression model was developed based on reference measurements as an outcome variable using sensor data, temperature, and relative humidity as the predictive parameters. The results show that this particular technology exhibits a promising performance in measuring PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with diameter aerodynamic less than 2.5μm and 10μm, respectively); however, the correlation for PM2.5 appears to be better. Temperature and relative humidity data from the sensor were only partially analyzed due to the evident low correlation with the reference meteorological data. The objective of this study is to begin analyzing the performance of low-cost sensors that have already been introduced to the Peruvian market and selecting those that perform better to provide for informed decision-making.

Puesta en marcha de un laboratorio para la caracterización de tecnologías fotovoltaicas a sol real bajo las condiciones climáticas de Lima

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño, la implementación y los primeros resultados de un Laboratorio de Investigación Fotovoltaica desarrollado en las instalaciones del Grupo de Ciencia de Materiales y Energías Renovables (MatER-PUCP) de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú en colaboración con el Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Energía Solar y Automática (IDEA) de la Universidad de Jaén (UJA) de España. Este laboratorio es uno de los primeros en el país con el equipamiento adecuado para la calibración y certificación de diferentes tecnologías, comerciales y emergentes, de módulos fotovoltaicos en el mercado peruano. Los resultados que se esperan obtener mediante una extensa campaña experimental, que inició en mayo del 2019, podrán ser ofertados a empresas u otras instituciones públicas, como estudios detallados del comportamiento y degradación de las diferentes tecnologías de módulos fotovoltaicos en función de las condiciones climáticas particulares de la ciudad de Lima (niveles de irradiancia y su componente difuso, temperatura de operación, humedad, distribución espectral, y polvo).

Multivariate analysis applied to the supply of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Peru

This article provides a brief analysis on energy supply security, focusing mainly on the variables related to the supply of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) within the Peruvian market. Furthermore, via the use of real data, principal component analysis (PCA), one of the most common multivariate techniques, is explained and illustrated, whose result indicates that a correlation exists between the analyzed variables.

International markets entry strategy determinants: an exploratory study in Peru

Nowadays a progressively more dynamic and global economic environment causes a higher number of enterprises to pick an entry strategy to become international. The choice of a strategy of entry into foreign markets constitutes one of the most relevant decisions for a company, for it impacts on its performance and means it being ready to cooperate, to a greater or lesser extent, with global supply chains. The present article identifies the determining factors of the strategies of entry into international markets as implemented by Peruvian businessmen, which impact on the integration level into an international market. The companies that participated in this exploratory study have growing exportation levels within the non-traditional sector. The results allow to appreciate exporters employing entry strategies with low levels of integration, and predominantly prefer low-risk markets and high resemblance to the Peruvian market, with regards to cultural affinity and business behavior.

El mercado de la traducción de planta en Lima (Perú)

En los últimos años, los servicios de traducción han cobrado mayor importancia, debido a la globalización y a las nuevas interrelaciones económicas. El mercado peruano no se encuentra exento a esta realidad, y los servicios de traducción han incrementado su demanda.Por tal motivo, se decide realizar esta aproximación hacia el estudio del mercado de la traducción de planta en Lima –Perú, cuyo foco estuvo puesto sobre los traductores profesionales. Planteado como un estudio de caso, el siguiente texto se elabora a partir del contraste de información recolectada a través de una serie de entrevistas y algunos estudios previos al respecto y tiene por objetivo comprender la situación del traductor de planta en la actualidad: las ventajas y desventajas de su labor y los desafíos que debe enfrentar.

ANÁLISIS DE COMPETITIVIDAD EN EL COMERCIO ENTRE BRASIL Y PERÚ: UN ENFOQUE CONSIDERANDO EL EFECTO DE LA INTEGRACIÓN FÍSICA

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo debatir los efectos de la integración física en el comercio de Brasil y Perú. Se adopta el método "constant market share " con el propósito de determinar las ganancias y/o pérdidas de competitividad y las fuentes que pueden explicar el patrón de comportamiento del comercio. Se verificó ganancias de ganancias de competitividad de las exportaciones brasileñas en el mercado peruano, pero decreciente en los últimos años. Hay ganancias de competitividad de las exportaciones peruanas a Brasil, sin embargo, con un market shareno significativo. La composición de las exportaciones de Brasil a Perú es más diversificada y del Perú más concentrado.

Precio internacional de los metales y riesgo de mercado en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima

In this paper we use the conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR) and CoVaR variation (ΔCoVaR) proposed by Adrian and Brunnermeier (2008, 2011, 2016) to estimate the Peruvian stock market risk (through the IGBVL) conditioned on the international financial market (given that the S&P500) and conditioned on three of the main commodities exported by Peru: copper, silver and gold. Moreover, the CoVaR measures are compared with the VaR of the IGBVL to understand the differences using conditional and unconditional risk measure estimators. The results show that both CoVaR and ΔCoVaR are useful indicators to measure the Peruvian stock market risk.

Evaluación de los factores de riesgo en los activos de renta variable que conforman el índice S&P MILA 40: aplicación del modelo de tres factores de Fama y French en el periodo 2009-2013

El presente articulo de investigacion estima los factores de riesgo en los activos de renta variable que conforman el indice SP estos, por la naturaleza de las empresas y las condiciones de la economia, permitieron el surgimiento y la potencializacion de activos de inversion que generan mayores condiciones de rentabilidad.