Peruvian Case Research Articles

Experimental and microstructural study of concrete reinforced with maguey fiber: Peruvian case

Experimental and microstructural study of concrete reinforced with maguey fiber: Peruvian case

Impact of public health expenditure on malnutrition among Peruvians during the period 2010-2020: A panel data analysis

Background The study analyzes the impact of public health spending on malnutrition among Peruvians, using data from the National Household Survey, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2010. -2020. Previous studies have revealed the existing relationship of health spending with the reduction of malnutrition. Methods A quantitative approach is considered, with an explanatory type of research using panel data methodology considering the bidimensionality of the data, which allows quantifying this effect for the Peruvian case using the National Household Survey, data from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, as well as information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Transparency Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance in the period 2010-2020. Results The results show that public expenditure on health has a negative relationship with malnutrition; the rural sector has a positive relationship with malnutrition given the limitations present for access to adequate food. Similarly, the unemployment rate shows a positive relationship with malnutrition, given that being unemployed leads to a higher cause of malnutrition in the population, and the gross domestic product has a negative relationship with malnutrition, given that greater economic growth produces an impact on reducing malnutrition, with the greatest impact being on the rural population and the gross domestic product. Conclusions In the analysis period 2010-2020 in Peru, based on the panel data analysis, the impact of public health expenditure on reducing malnutrition is observed in 10 departments, achieving a reduction in malnutrition; while in 14 departments, this indicator has not been reduced.

Challenges in diagnosing ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumors:<br /> A Peruvian case series

Challenges in diagnosing ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumors:<br /> A Peruvian case series

Impact of public health expenditure on malnutrition among Peruvians during the period 2010-2020: A panel data analysis

Background The study analyzes the impact of public health spending on malnutrition among Peruvians, using data from the National Household Survey, the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Ministry of Economy and Finance from 2010. -2020. Previous studies have revealed the existing relationship of health spending with the reduction of malnutrition. Methods A quantitative approach is considered, with an explanatory type of research using panel data methodology considering the bidimensionality of the data, which allows quantifying this effect for the Peruvian case using the National Household Survey, data from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, as well as information from the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics and the Transparency Portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance in the period 2010-2020. Results The results show that public expenditure on health has a negative relationship with malnutrition; the rural sector has a positive relationship with malnutrition given the limitations present for access to adequate food. Similarly, the unemployment rate shows a positive relationship with malnutrition, given that being unemployed leads to a higher cause of malnutrition in the population, and the gross domestic product has a negative relationship with malnutrition, given that greater economic growth produces an impact on reducing malnutrition, with the greatest impact being on the rural population and the gross domestic product. Conclusions In the analysis period 2010-2020 in Peru, based on the panel data analysis, the impact of public health expenditure on reducing malnutrition is observed in 10 departments, achieving a reduction in malnutrition; while in 14 departments, this indicator has not been reduced.

Changing carbon footprints and the consequent impacts of carbon taxes and cash transfers on poverty and inequality across years: A Peruvian case study

Carbon taxes are key policies to achieve climate goals. Yet, they increase prices especially in the short term, and can affect households’ income depending on their carbon footprints. Cash transfer programs can be used to address adverse social impacts and protect the poorest. However, because carbon footprints, and the consequent tax impacts, may change over time it is important to understand how to design and adapt such cash transfer programs accordingly. As the existing studies focus on single years, we address the gap in the literature in two steps. First, we estimate changes in carbon footprints and their drivers over time; second, we simulate the effects of a carbon tax in combination with cash transfers on poverty and inequality for the years 2004, 2007 and 2011 in Peru. We combine a bottom-up household carbon footprint estimation, and multiple scenarios simulation. We show that, in a context of rapid economic growth, footprints increase over time, particularly for lower deciles. Most importantly, the distributional impacts of a reform combining carbon tax and cash transfers change by year. The paper concludes that, to maximize poverty and inequality reduction, the design of cash transfer programs and tax levels need to be adapted over time.

Responsible consumption trend in Generation Z and millennials its impact on SDG 12. A Peruvian case study

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the responsible consumption of Generation Z and millennials in the Latin American market, with special emphasis on the Peruvian case, to identify their differences with consumers born in 1980 and earlier and to evaluate their contribution to Sustainable Development Goal 12.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted on a sample of 309 persons living in Lima. After developing and validating an instrument, an online questionnaire was used to collect data. These data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially, using chi-square tests to validate the relationship between variables.FindingsThe study identifies and explains the new trend of responsible consumption among Generation Z and millennials in emerging markets, where end consumers interact with and prefer products and services from companies that demonstrate responsible behavior and offer trust. It identifies new consumption variables that go beyond the traditional ones.Research limitations/implicationsThe study reveals a trend in the responsible consumption of Generation Z and millennials in Peru. However, it is necessary to complement the study in other countries in the region, as well as to study the new generations, such as the alpha generation and their consumption patterns.Practical implicationsThe new trend of responsible consumption among Generation Z and millennials is forcing companies to implement strategies and develop corporate social responsibility programs. These companies must demonstrate ethical, environmental, socially responsible and sustainable behaviors in their daily operations to satisfy their stakeholders.Originality/valueThe study reveals a new trend in Peru, a developing country, where the market – the end consumer – is more informed and therefore demands better corporate performance from companies, including care for the environment and a contribution to society that includes a good relationship with its stakeholders.

Sustainable use of wood sawdust as a replacement for fine aggregate to improve the properties of concrete: a Peruvian case study

Sustainable use of wood sawdust as a replacement for fine aggregate to improve the properties of concrete: a Peruvian case study

The ISO 45001 standard and its relationship with the Occupational Health and Safety Law, Peruvian case

The implementation of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System is essential in organizations to take care of the integrity of people and avoid illnesses. The objective of the study is to relate the international standard ISO 45001 with an Occupational Health and Safety Law, with the aim that organizations that are currently complying with the regulations of their country can know which provisions they are complying with link to the standard. ISO 45001 and which ones are still pending, and in this way, they have an input for compliance with the international standard. For this analysis, the Occupational Health and Safety Law of Peru will be used as a guideline, which will provide a guide so that this analysis can be replicated with the laws of other countries. From the results obtained, it is concluded that the Peruvian OSH Law partially complies with the ISO 45001 standard.

Limited Efficiency of Monetary Policy on Local Inflation Rates and Output

This is the second article of a series of two that documents the limited efficiency of the Peruvian monetary policy on local inflation rates. With this research I deepen on my preliminary findings on the unobserved effects of Peruvian monetary policy using departmental Phillips curves. On this occasion, the motivation seeks to answer the question: by incorporating the NAIRU-Keynesian and neo-Keynesian structural model criteria for the Peruvian case, what other unobserved effects of monetary policy would be found in Peru’s departments? Two models of structural equations are developed to estimate the impact of monetary policy at sub-national levels, the first considers the unemployment rate (NAIRU-Keynesian) and the second considers the departmental GDP gap, from which there are counterproductive results that start from the misalignment of departmental economic cycles with the national one which generates inefficiency of monetary policy to reduce departmental inflation, the increase in departmental unemployment and the decrease in the departmental GDP gap.

International Remittances and the Labour Market in Peru

International remittances are a relevant source of income in developing countries, with important implications for the labour market of recipient countries. Peruvian international migration is a particular case of Latin America, since it tends to be concentrated in middle-and high-income households and in highly educated people, who display particular preferences in relation to the labour market. Using data from 2004 to 2019, we analysed the impact of remittances on employment, hours worked, and wages of Peruvian workers. Our results show that remittances reduce labour participation by 9.8 percentage points (pp). On average, the effect is greater among dependent workers than self-employed workers (-7.5 pp versus -3 pp). Similarly, we observed an increase in hourly income in both types of work (10.1% and 65%, respectively). In this sense, the Peruvian case offers a new perspective on the effect of remittances on the labour market, where despite having most of its labour force in informal jobs and self-employment, it does not encourage employment in those sectors, as occurred in previous studies.

The Impact of Political Fragmentation on the Municipal Spending in Peru

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of political fragmentation at the municipal level on public expenditure during the period 2007–2018 for the Peruvian case. The results indicate that the effect of political fragmentation within a municipal council on the spending of the provincial municipality could be non-linear. That is, political fragmentation affects negatively the expenditure in a certain tranche and positively in another. In particular, we observe that the incidence occurs only on the execution of capital expenditure. On the other hand, the political fragmentation of the districts within a province seems not to have a significant effect on the execution of expenditure in coordinated areas such as transport, health, and sanitation. (JEL Codes: E62, H54, H72, P16, P35)

The Deduction System as a Tax Compliance Strategy: A Peruvian Case

The research aimed to determine the relationship between the deduction system and tax compliance, showing a Peruvian case specifically in a service company; regarding the methodology used, it is: type of basic research, quantitative approach, non-experimental design and correlational descriptive level. On the other hand, the population was made up of 6 collaborators; the technique used was the survey and the instrument was the questionnaire developed under the Likert scale.

Relationship Between Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in Peru, Period 1990-2019

Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation through a regression model for the Peruvian case, during the period 1990-2019, based on Georgescu Roegen's Bioeconomy; who explains that, in environmental terms, economic growth seems to be more of a problem than a solution. Method: The quantitative approach was considered, of a non-experimental type, with a descriptive and correlational design; where secondary source information from the World Bank database was used. Results: According to the results obtained, it is concluded that the variable with the most relationship or that best explains economic growth is energy consumption, followed by CO2 emissions; indicators of environmental degradation explain 24% of economic growth, being a model without problems of heteroscedasticity or autocorrelation; the level of individual significance in all cases is less than 5% and according to the proposed model it is necessary to; if CO2 emissions increase, PBI per capita would increase by 19% and if energy consumption increases, PIB per capita would increase by 20%. Conclusions: Finally, it was possible to contrast the hypothesis that there is a direct and significant relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation.

Stakeholders, social and environmental impact management as key factors of the corporate social management in the mining industry: A Peruvian case study

AbstractIt is known that companies manage their stakeholders and their social and environmental impacts to achieve a good relationship with the community. Therefore, this research aims to know the strategies used by mining companies when different levels of stakeholder management and social and environmental impact management variables are involved. For this purpose, qualitative research with case study methodology is carried out, collecting information from various sources such as interviews, document analysis, and audio‐visual material. The result shows a framework based on the literature review and where different scenarios are shown according to the degree of the variables studied and the strategies used. Four main corporate strategies were found: sustainable, legalistic, business‐oriented, and compensating.

Enhancing community development management and the management of social and environmental impacts to get social license to operate in the mining industry: A Peruvian case study

AbstractThis research aims to determine the type of strategy used by mining companies according to the degree of community development management and social and environmental impact management. For this purpose, a qualitative study has been carried out using the methodology of case studies of mining companies in Peru, for which written and virtual reports and audiovisual material have been analyzed. The results show a framework whose main axes are community development management and social and environmental impact management. In addition, it is shown four types of community relations strategies: shared value strategy, compensatory strategy, business‐oriented strategy, and compliance strategy.

Administrative Sanctions in State Contracting Processes: Reflections on the Peruvian Case

Purpose: The framework of the actions of the Peruvian State Contracting Tribunal (TCE), it was proposed to reflect on the causes of the ineffectiveness of the regulatory framework of state contracting processes, seeking to disaggregate them to offer solutions to the problem of increase in the procedural burden in this court. Methodology: A systematic narrative review was carried out using a qualitative research approach. Using Atlas Ti®, 31 categories were obtained, which were grouped into three groups: Factors associated with the origin of the contract, Concomitant measures to the actions of the TCE, and Deficiency of the jurisprudence in support of the rulings of the TCE. Result: It was concluded that, to the extent that it takes time for the integration of administrative management systems and systematization of the information generated by the sources associated with the State Procurement Law to guarantee better processes for updating the regulations, the number of cases that are treated in the TEC would continue to increase. Conclusion: The review and analysis of this work, the authors consulted agree that it is imperative to review and systematize the information generated from the sources associated with the regulations of the state procurement law, as well as the review of the regulatory hierarchies that should be considered to regulate the procedures that are resolved in the TCE.

The social management canvas for the mining industry: A Peruvian case study

The objective of this research is to integrate social management components into a solid framework that illustrates any mining company's level social management responsiveness from social conflict to community development. To this end, qualitative research was conducted using case study methodology. Data were gathered from interviews, recordings, and documents and then analyzed to generate a framework for analysis. The result was a social management canvas with nine blocks: the social value propositions, the definition of the community, community participation, community management, key social resources, key social activities, key social partners, the social investment structure, and social benefits.

Public Services in the Household and Their Effect on Poverty, Analysis for the Peruvian Case, 2021

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of public services in the household on poverty in Peru, in the period 2021, for which a quantitative, non-experimental research approach was considered with a descriptive and correlational design. The information from the National Household Survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) database was used, considering the modules “Dwelling and Household Characteristics”, “Household Members’ Characteristics”, “Education”, “Employment and Income”, “Household Equipment”, “Summaries (Calculated Variables)” and “Citizen Participation”. It was possible to determine that the following variables had negative effects on household poverty in Peru: access to potable water, sanitation, electric power, cell phone services; achieving higher, secondary, and primary education levels; having a washing machine, motorcycle, tricycle, motorcycle taxi, computer, kitchen, refrigerator in the household; having a property title; being part of an association or organization; living in a rural residence area; and having remittances. However, the number of household members had a positive effect on poverty. Therefore, it was concluded that access to public services in the household contributed to reducing the probability of being poor in Peru.

Shared soundscapes: The (re)activation of an institutional and individual archive of Peruvian music and dance

Abstract“Shared soundscapes” is a key concept that allows us to identify the multiplicity of agencies involved in historical sound recordings and their reactivation today. We use the notion to compare two very different Peruvian case studies concerning Asháninka and Nomatsiguenga peoples of the Central Rainforest and Muchik, Quechua, and mestizo peoples in the Lambayeque region, along with their respective music traditions. Part of their sonic legacy is stored in archives; one was created by an individual anthropologist, and the other is an institutional ethnomusicological archive. The comparison of historical and current soundscapes brings to the fore anthropological issues regarding how a web of actors—among them sonic activists from academia and these communities—have shaped these archives as a process and practice. It raises questions about collaborative approaches to decolonize repositories, which implies handing over rights to individuals and communities so that they can make decisions about their sonic legacies.

Factors promoting gender-responsive early childhood education: The Peruvian case

Gender differences become relevant in the educational sphere for the construction of a sustainable society. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the factors that promote the Peruvian gender-responsive early childhood education system (3-5 y/o). Based on an exploratory and descriptive design, a qualitative structural analysis was carried out with the help of a panel of five expert educators, with early childhood education children (3-5 years old) in Peru as the context of the study. Using the Matrix-based Multiplication Applied to a Classification tool, we found the identification of the following key factors of the system: the implementation of policies, teacher training, pedagogical practices, the choice and characteristics of teaching resources, as well as the expectations of families regarding early childhood development with a gender approach. The leadership rests mainly with the Peruvian Ministry of Education, which is responsible for forming an egalitarian society from a comprehensive approach. Any strategic planning effort must address this problem of Peruvian early childhood education from a holistic perspective. This study is a starting point for studying future scenarios for the education system in the medium and long term.