Persuasive Qualities Research Articles

Apie gaidį ir „žemčiūgą“: žvilgsnis į XIX amžiaus lietuvių literatūrinę savimonę

This article examines seven different renditions of Aesop’s fable “The Rooster and the Pearl”, written by various 19th-century Lithuanian authors. The aim is to show how these texts reflect the demands of early readers and the literary consciousness of 19th-century Lithuanian society. The differences in the texts and their significant features are revealed by comparing them with each other and with the original sources, where such sources can be identified. Of particular interest is the inclusion of Lithuanian elements in these narratives, typically used for their evocative imagery or to capture the reader’s attention. The influence of social and cultural life on literature is bidirectional. As societies change over time in cultural, ethical and other ways, these changes inevitably affect literary production. The ethical perspective is relevant to the plot of The Rooster and the Pearl, but the specificity of the texts analysed is determined more by aesthetic and persuasive qualities, thus serving as precursors to shifts in literary consciousness.

Fichtes Bestimmung des Menschen und die Rhetorik des Transzendentalismus

Abstract The importance of philosophical rhetoric for Fichte is well-known, and in particular how it connects to his concept of the public role of the philosopher. This article examines Fichte’s Die Bestimmung des Menschen (1799) – a popular work in a double sense – in the context of Fichte’s philosophical rhetoric, with a focus on the use of persuasio. Much as Die Bestimmung des Menschen was met with substantial criticism upon its initial publication in German, it proved to be one of the central works in Fichte’s English-language reception in the nineteenth century, where Fichte’s philosophy became integrated into Transcendentalism. Fichte’s work was praised for its aesthetic and persuasive qualities, and it is this element of persuasio which can be traced in readers’ use of Die Bestimmung des Menschen.

Designing Persuasive Application to Promote Public Transportation Use

The poor air quality of Jakarta, caused among others by fossil fuel combustion for transportation, harmfully affects the health of its people. Carbon emissions resulting from transportation activities can be reduced by getting people to use public transportation more frequently. This research aims at designing a persuasive application to encourage people to use public transportation more often. The steps of interaction design were employed. Firstly, user needs were identified using interviews, resulting in 48 interpreted needs which were then grouped into nine primary needs. Secondly, a design workshop involving users and designers was conducted to produce three concept alternatives. In the next stage, the best concept was selected using the concept scoring method and was subsequently refined through the SCAMPER method. A high-fidelity prototype was developed based on the final concept. Lastly, the evaluation process of the application prototype named ecoGlide consisted of two major parts, i.e. the evaluation of performance and persuasive qualities. The performance evaluation was conducted through Usability Testing using five criteria. The effectiveness and efficiency criteria consecutively score 91% and 71.43%, exceeding the minimum acceptable value of 70%. Furthermore, the satisfaction, usefulness, and learnability criteria respectively score 3.83, 3.88, and 3.88, which surpass the threshold value of 3.4. The persuasive quality was evaluated using the qualitative method through a coding scheme. The result shows that the Emotion and Persuasion categories were most closely related to the application use. The most influential sub-category of the persuasion aspect is Reward Driven, which ranks 4th out of 14 sub-categories. Overall, the ecoGlide application was considered to have good usability and persuasive ability.

Futurescapes: Imagination and temporal reorganization in the design of strategic narratives

Recent work in organizational and strategy research increasingly accords centrality to narratives in developing and legitimating future-oriented strategies. Despite this growing interest in the use of strategic narratives for prospective sensemaking and sensegiving, the design of such narratives as persuasive vehicles that shape beliefs about possible futures and firms’ potential roles in them remains undertheorized. We build on Paul Ricœur’s narrative theory to develop a theoretical framework of how firms can employ imaginative thought, in the form of productive and creative imagination, to depict plausible and desirable “possible worlds.” We term these worlds “futurescapes” and theorize how they synthesize heterogenous information through factual and fictive means to project different types of futures that have differential persuasive qualities. We argue that continuous or near futures are likely to be perceived as more plausible, whereas discontinuous or distant futures are likely to be perceived as more desirable by stakeholder audiences. We further draw on Ricœur’s ideas about narrative time to theorize how narratives are used by firms for temporal reorganization that can alter perceptions of plausibility and desirability, thereby increasing the overall persuasiveness of their futurescapes. We illustrate our arguments using narratives created by auto manufacturers in response to the changing landscape of their industry. Our ideas have implications for research on the strategic use of narratives, future-focused strategy making as temporal work, and shaping strategies under uncertainty.

Argumentum Ad Baculum, Aristotelian Civic Fear, or Praeteritio: Threats in Anti-Choice Letters

This essay investigates the rhetorical choices in archived letters to providers at a local abortion clinic through argumentum ad baculum and other fear appeal frames. Analysis of three types of threat—spiritual, physical, and professional—contained in the correspondence suggests that only the professional fear appeals correspond to true theat. The essay contends that while some of the letters contain either true threats (argumentum ad baculum) or Aristotelian civic fear appeals, the writers more often make arguments that align with a new category I name sideways threats. Sideways threats include praeteritio or apophasis, whereby the writer renounces something like violence in order to invoke it, as well as fear appeals to negative outcomes which c(w)ould be carried out by a deity rather than the writer. Rather than fitting neatly into the rhetorical categories of ad baculum or civic fear, these artifacts that included multiple rhetorical approaches which open the way for new understanding of fear appeals and their persuasive qualities.

Cualidades persuasivas de los juegos como medio artístico con función social

Las personas que no están en el mundo del juego a menudo comentan que adormecerán a los jugadores, les quitarán cualquier sentido de empatía y crearán una generación de solitarios aislados y antisociales. En este artículo intentaremos afirmar lo contrario: que los juegos pueden jugar un papel poderoso en la creación de la empatía, así como otras experiencias emocionales positivas gracias a sus propios procesos estructurales y cómo esta empatía es la necesaria para compensar la falta de participación de la sociedad en la creación artística. Nos ocuparemos de las propiedades persuasivas de los juegos como medio y qué los diferencia de otros medios. Además, explicaremos qué pueden aportar estas cualidades de los juegos al arte activista y social.

Rhetorik und Musik in England (16. bis 18. Jahrhundert)

Abstract The article deals with the influence of rhetoric on musical thinking and musical practice in England from the end to fifteenth century until the eighteenth century. The humanistic rediscovery of sciences and arts led to the revival of the artes liberales and to an insight in the relationship of ars oratoria and ars musica and the affinity between poetry and music. The close connexion is based on the similarity of effects,which are produced by the eloquence of speech and the affective power of vocal and instrumental sounds: They convey a message and move the heart. The relation of the sister arts was primarily considered not in theoretical musical sources but in writings dealing with poetry or rhetoric by George Puttenham, Henry Peacham the Elder, Francis Bacon, Charles Butler and others. However, the treatises by Christopher Simpson,Thomas Mace,Charles Avison and William Jones attestagrowing importance of rhetorical principles on the creation of music. Ayres and wordless pieces by Campion, Dowland, Purcell and Händel give evidence, that the composers applied rhetorical procedures and figures to intensify the expressive and persuasive qualities of their art.

The weeping sermon: persuasion, binding and authority within the Gülen-movement

One of the remarkable aspects of the weekly meetings (sohbet) organised by the followers of Fethullah Gülen is the so-called weeping sermon. The visual depiction of the weeping sermon, where Fethullah Gülen bursts into tears, after which his followers intensively weep during a certain period, hardly reveals the implications of the ritual. Weeping sermons are not just emotional performances, or modes of enchantment. They are part of a larger mediating practice common in the Gülen movement. It has persuasive qualities in three regards: (1) participating in a weeping sermon is a form of bodily moral attunement. It is part of a broader trajectory of religious training and disciplining and enhances spiritual and pious competence. (2) The total ritual including preparations has implications for the internal binding between followers and the forming of community. And (3) the ritual reconfirms and reproduces religious authority. We argue that the specific features of the sessions and the ways in which followers are involved in them, demonstrate how religious knowledge production, authorisation and ritual practice are inextricably linked to one another and come together in the sermon.

Song Sweeter than Orpheus’

In Euripides’ Medea, Jason expresses a preference for fame over riches or musical talent such as that which Orpheus possesses. Orpheus was well-known for the supernaturally persuasive qualities of his music, and as the play makes clear, Jason’s rejection of Orpheus’ talents is not purely rhetorical—he lacks the persuasive skill of Orpheus, skill which he needs to reconcile Medea to his new marriage. Medea is persistently compared to things which Orpheus is able to influence through his song, such as rocks, lions, and bulls, highlighting Jason’s failure to persuade where the mythical singer succeeds. Jason is, however, successful in persuading his new bride; as a lover rather than a husband, he possesses Orpheus’ abilities. The implied comparison between Jason and Orpheus foreshadows the death of Jason’s Corinthian bride and Jason’s downfall at the hands of a woman.

The Power of Fake Food: Plastic Food Models as Tastemakers in South Korea

The Power of Fake Food: Plastic Food Models as Tastemakers in South Korea

Look Again: Effects of Brain Images and Mind–Brain Dualism on Lay Evaluations of Research

Brain scans have frequently been credited with uniquely seductive and persuasive qualities, leading to claims that fMRI research receives a disproportionate share of public attention and funding. It has been suggested that functional brain images are fascinating because they contradict dualist beliefs regarding the relationship between the body and the mind. Although previous research has indicated that brain images can increase judgments of an article's scientific reasoning, the hypotheses that brain scans make research appear more interesting, surprising, or worthy of funding have not been tested. Neither has the relation between the allure of brain imaging and dualism. In the following three studies, laypersons rated both fictional research descriptions and real science news articles accompanied by brain scans, bar charts, or photographs. Across 988 participants, we found little evidence of neuroimaging's seductive allure or of its relation to self-professed dualistic beliefs. These results, taken together with other recent null findings, suggest that brain images are less powerful than has been argued.

The Effect of Mandated Planning on Plan Quality

Problem: What is a “good plan”? Among their key goals, plans aim to communicate, influence and engage. Persuasiveness (the ability to engage and motivate) is, therefore, an essential plan quality. Unfortunately, all too many comprehensive plans lack this important quality. In addition, state planning mandates intended to strengthen planning can instead worsen this shortcoming. Purpose: To develop a methodology to measure and compare the communicative and persuasive qualities of plans in states with and without planning mandates. Methods: A specially designed protocol was developed to measure the communicative and persuasive qualities of comprehensive plans. Plans of 20 municipalities in states with planning mandates were compared with those of 20 municipalities in states without planning mandates. Statistical analyses of the results were conducted using the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney (U) test and simple t tests. Results and conclusions: Requiring local governments to prepare plans did not result in better plans—at least as measured by a protocol tailored specifically to assess the persuasiveness and communicative quality of plans. Plans prepared in mandate states were much more rigid and standardized than those prepared in nonmandate states. Nonmandated plans also scored much higher in terms of their narrative and storytelling qualities than mandated plans. Private consultant involvement in plan making significantly increased the communicative and persuasive qualities of plans. Takeaway for practice: Plans in all 40 municipalities fell far short of the ideal communicative and persuasive qualities set forth in the protocol. The deficiency was greatest in states with planning mandates. The involvement of private consultants had a positive impact on plan quality, while the provision of state funding for planning did not. Research support: None.

Perswazyjne walory derywatów transpozycyjnych w tekstach reklam

The article presents persuasive qualities of using transpositional word forming derivatives in text advertising. They are divided into persuasive values, which result from references of these derivates to a paradigmatic context and consequently become apparent already when single word forming derivatives of this type appear in the text, and values that result from references of these derivatives to a syntagmatic context, which requires the use of a larger number of words in the text. The paradigmatic context described here are derivatives belonging to specified word forming categories and types. For instance, the use of nouns to name abstract features serves the enhancement of positive qualities of advertised products (e.g. Perfecta. Łączy nas piękno [Perfecta. We share the beauty]), abstract names of processes and states suggest reliability and durability of the effects of advertised products (e.g. Hines / Zaufanie budowane latami [Hines / Trust built for years]) or their immediate effectiveness (e.g. Wsparcie już na starcie – Multilac [Support at a start – Multilac]). Moreover, thanks to adjectival adverbs advertised products become identified, among other things, with the effects of their use (e.g. Arla Apetina – szybko, łatwo, apetycznie [Arla Apetina – quickly, easily, deliciously]), or hyperbolization of values described by a specific adjective (e.g. Tu jest niewiarygodnie tanio! – Kaufland [Here prices are incredibly low – Kaufland]). A persuasively profitable syntagmatic context of transpositional derivatives is accumulation of a larger number of such derivatives in the text or their comparison to their root words. The effect of the first one is multiplication of their persuasive values whereas the second one may evoke the suggestion of some diversification of the offer, make it credible, enhance the advertised value, or introduce idioms, which are regarded as attractive persuasive devices, to the text.

Speaker–listener incompatibility: Joint and separate processing in risky choice framing

Framing effects are considered in a conversational framework using the well-known Asian Disease problem [Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453–458]. Speakers’ preferred message framing is examined and its corresponding persuasiveness is assessed using listeners’ responses. The results show that speakers exhibit a marked and consistent preference for positive over negative framing (Experiment 1). Judged from listeners’ responses, this preference is effective for promoting riskless, but not risky options. The incompatibility between speakers and listeners may be resolved by noting that speakers can jointly (i.e., comparatively) assess the information and the persuasive qualities of alternative frames. In contrast, listeners are exposed only to one of these frames and, consequently, can only assess the information separately (i.e., non-comparatively). Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrate that no incompatibility exists when both speakers and listeners are either in separate, or in joint evaluation mode. Differences between risky choice and attribute framing [Levin, I.P., Schneider, S.L., & Gaeth, G.J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: a typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76, 149–188] are briefly discussed.

The Poet as Preacher: St. Ephrem the Syrian's HymnDe VirginitateXXXI as a Coherent, Aesthetic, and Persuasive Poetic Discourse

This article consists of a translation and poetic analysis of Ephrem the Syrian's teaching song On Virginity 31. The Syriac text and an English translation are provided and short notes are given on the structure of the hymn. Its rhetorical and persuasive qualities are subsequently investigated with the aim of substantiating the claim that the hymn's rhetorical features such as polarities, metaphors, analogies, parallels, antitheses, allusions to scripture, and direct appeals on the audience must have had a great impact and an enduring effect on Syriac Christianity.

Refutational texts and the change process

The purposes of this chapter are to examine the persuasive qualities of refutational text and explore the role of refutational text in educational settings that have competing agendas. As educators, we should understand the competing agendas existing in education and find ways to meet those agendas effectively. The use of refutation to aid learning fits into one agenda. The teaching of refutation as a persuasive rhetorical device fits into another.

Health Communication on the Internet: An Effective Channel for Health Behavior Change?

This article presents a theoretical rationale for using the Internet to conduct persuasive public health interventions. Through an examination of the conceptual bases of persuasion, it is posited that the World Wide Web and other Internet-based resources have many of the characteristics necessary for persuasive communication and may, in fact, constitute a hybrid channel that combines the positive attributes of interpersonal and mass communication. The notion that the Internet features many of the persuasive qualities of interpersonal communication makes it a prime candidate for the application of key behavioral science theories and principles to promote healthier behaviors. The broad reach that the Internet shares with many mass communication channels indicates an economy to Internet-based efforts to communicate with large audiences. It is concluded that if the Internet can be used for persuasive health communication and its reach continues to expand, it is time for public health professionals to explore the design and evaluation of Internet-based interventions directed at health behavior change.

‘Nullius in verba’ and ‘nihil in verbis’: public understanding of the role of language in science

This paper is about how the motto of the Royal Society has sometimes been misread, but it is also about how such a misreading could arise at all, and why it persists. I argue that the error is intimately associated with a traditional view of scientific language as a medium for descriptive reporting, a view which has been very influential in schools, and is consequently perpetuated in the public understanding of science. Much new scholarship confirms that this ‘straightforward’ view of what scientists do can no longer be accepted at face value, and that the role of language in science is more intimate and subtle in its interpretive and persuasive qualities. A renewed study of the motto is interesting in itself, but it will also serve to introduce these wider matters. Perhaps it may help some more teachers to escape from those received ideas about language which have restricted the range of learning activities in school science, and discouraged a full attention to the words in which scientists choose to express their ideas.

Ethnic heritage as rhetorical legacy: The plan of Delano

The Plan of Delano was a powerful persuasive document in the interrelated Chicano and farmworkers’ movements of the 1960s and 1970s. To support the thesis that this Plan's persuasive qualities are illuminated best from the perspective of its own ethnic legacy, this essay attempts to demonstrate that the Plan's Mexican‐originated generic form and Mexican‐American cultural context reveal sources of its rhetorical power and meaning. These findings provide several implications for the rhetorical criticism of ethnic discourse.

Inequalities Which Affect Scores of Advertisements

THE TYPE OF measurement which we are discussing can be given more precise psychological definition than is usually accorded to it. We are not measuring the visibility of an advertisement at the time it was observed but rather the admission of a previous observation and of its association with some product or service offered for sale. The fact of association is determined while the advertisement is being examined though this may be done with or without masking a portion of the material. There may be considerable doubt by many of us as to whether this is truly an important measure of the persuasive qualities of an advertisement. The question about what is being measured and the question as to whether or not that which is measured has market significance are concerned with the validity of the examination. Although this paper is principally interested in the way the measurement is made, a few comments on its validity are not entirely out of order. We may take, for example, the association of the product with the advertisement at which the subject is looking. There is an old illustration of a psychological distinction that is so apt in this case that it bears repeating. It is the common case of having a good memory for faces but such a poor memory for names. Now you don't remember the face or the name. You recognize the face and you associate a name with it. The face is always there but the name is not. One method of advertisement examination takes you to a party where every face is conspicuously labeled with a name and asks if you have met the people before. The other method leaves you in your