Methods Of Persuasion Research Articles

Uzak Doğu'dan Yansımalar: Çin'deki Katolik ve Nesturî Varlığının Karşılaştırılması

Orta çağda Batı Avrupa'dan Fransisken rahipler ve Suriye'den Nesturî rahipler, kendi Hıristiyan mezheplerini ve doktrinini yaymak ve bölgede kiliselerini kurmak için Uzak Doğu'ya gittiler. Benzer hedefleri paylaşsalar da, Fransiskenler ve Nesturîler farklı ikna yöntemleri kullandılar, bu nedenle misyonerlik çalışmalarının sonuçları ve mirası, önemli ölçüde birbirlerinden farklıydı. Moğol bozkırlarındaki mezar taşlarının da kanıtladığı gibi, Nesturîler Uzak Doğu'da dikkate değer ölçüde başarılıydılar; ancak kendi ülkelerinde (Mezopotamya), ironi bir şekilde, giderek marjinalleştirildiler. Buna karşılık, Katolik Fransiskenler ve Uzak Doğu'ya giden diğer Avrupalı seyyahlar, benzer misyonerlik başarısı elde edemediler ve 14. yüzyılın ortalarından sonra bölgede neredeyse hiç izleri kalmadı. Bununla birlikte, kendi ülkelerindeki okuyucuları için yazdıkları seyahatnameler ve mektuplar, hem Orta Çağ'ın sonlarında Avrupa’yı dışa açma hırsları üzerinde hem de on yedinci yüzyıl Çin'indeki Katolik misyonunun dönüşü üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahipti. Özetle, Nesturîlerin mirası Orta Asya’daki taş anıtlardı ve Fransiskenler ise Batı'da ilham verici metinler bıraktılar. Uzak Doğu'daki Hıristiyan misyonerlik faaliyetinin ilgili uygulamalarının karşılaştırılması, ortaçağ kültürler arası seyahatin hem menşe bölgelerini hem de varış bölgelerini çeşitli şekillerde nasıl etkilediğini daha iyi tanıtabilir. Bu nedenle, Orta Çağ'ın sonlarında Uzak Doğu'daki Hıristiyan varlığı ortadan kalksa da bu misyonerlerin geldiği toplumlar için kalıcı sonuçlar doğurmuştur.

The Technical Semantic Structure of the Will of al-Alama al-Hilly to his son Fakhrul Muhaqiqin Stylistic Study

The will generally takes the direction of guidance and instruction, and is based on life experiences in which the author concludes his judgments on life matters. However, though the will of the al-Alama al-Hilly to his son Fakhrul Muhaqiqin is full of preaching and evidence and is rich in the methods of argument and persuasion, but we try to study it stylistically. The will has different stylistic traits on which the author (devisor) relies in order to influence the devisee. In this sense, we monitor the stylistic features of the text through the phonetic, semantic and syntactic levels and joining all that to the intellectual innovation of the al-Alama al-Hilly. The study deals with the morphological forms and their semantic effect, the phonetic rhythm in the text, the structure and its semantic effect (deletion, objection, contradiction...) to conclude that in addition to the religious and moral ideas in the text of the will. It carries the stylistic features that enrich its rhetoric status and affect the recipient due to its aesthetic effect that establishes its guiding and instructional content.

Strategi Manajemen Resiko dalam Upaya Mengatasi Pembiayaan Murabahah Bermasalah pada PT.BPRS Puduarta Insani Cabang Uinsu

Since the establishment of banking with the sharia concept in 1998 until now, the market share of Islamic banking has only reached approximately 5%, while Islamic banking has become superior with a variety of very varied products. One of the advantages of Islamic banking lies in the profit-sharing system, so it is not wrong for people to call Islamic banks as profit-sharing banks, but in reality, financing in Islamic banking is not dominated by mudharabah financing with the concept of profit-sharing, but is more dominated by murabaha financing. Murabahah financing has always been a priority compared to other Islamic banking products. This can be seen from data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) regarding the development of murabahah financing which tends to increase every month.
 This study uses a descriptive qualitative research approach that collects data through interviews and observations, and uses primary and secondary data sources. As well as using data analysis techniques and appropriate data collection techniques. The results of this study are that there are two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. The meaning of these two factors is that internal factors are caused by the lack of care by officers in analyzing financing customers, because they only use the principle of trust which is often misused by naughty customers, while external factors are caused by by intentional factors and unintentional factors. Based on the results of the research analysis and discussion that have been described, it can be concluded: At PT. BPRS Puduarta Insani itself has several handlings in problem financing, namely by billing according to the existing SOPs by providing SP 1,2 and 3, by persuasive (family) methods, then by reschduling, the last by way of selling guarantees but nothing has reached the stage sales guarantee.

PENERAPAN METODE PERSUASIF DALAM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAKAO DI DESA ONANG UTARA KECAMATAN TUBO KABUPATEN MAJENE

Indonesia as one of the largest cocoa-producing countries in the world, with the vast ownership of cocoa is dominated by smallholder plantations, amounting to 92.7 percent of the total area of cocoa plantations in Indonesia. On the other hand the community as the dominant owner, needs to increase the ability to increase the adoption of technology that can be developed at any time. This condition demands an urgent role from agriculture instructors. So that the agricultural program can be optimized in the implementation it is needed in this application.This research has been carried out in North Onang Village, Tubo District, Majene Regency, West Sulawesi Province. This research will be conducted for two months, from March to April 2019. The population and sample of this research are in the North Onang Village, Tubo District, Majene Regency. The total population of cocoa farmers in North Onang Village, Tubo Subdistrict, Majene Regency was 275 people, and then a sample of 10% of the population was taken using the simple random sampling method or 27 random farmers, while the current extension agent in North Onang Village, Tubo District Majene as many as 2 people who are in the Agricultural counseling center.This study aims: 1) To find out the application of the method of extension with persuasive methods in agricultural extension to increase cocoa farming income in Tubo District, Majene Regency, and 2) To find out the dominant form of communication used in the extension system in Tubo District, Majene Regency. While the research uses are as follows; 1) Being input and reference material for the Government of Majene Regency and the Department of Agriculture and Forestry in the implementation of agricultural extension, and 2) As material for agricultural extension workers and other readers in applying extension methods.The results showed that the application of the persuasive method carried out by extension agents using extension methods, namely home / field visits, general meetings, discussion meetings, courses and demonstarsi. Where the five counseling methods have different levels of participation of extension workersKeywords: Methods, counseling, farming, income, and cocoa

A Behavioral Assessment Model for Emotional Persuasion Driven by Agent-Based Decision-Making

Emotional persuasion driven by agent-based decision-making has shown greater prospects for negotiation between business partners. However, the interactive assessment of emotional persuasion, one of the essential preconditions for formulating an appropriate proposal, is still in its infancy. To that end, this research proposes a modeling framework that integrates three types of assessment behavior: emotion, time belief, and the evaluation of the opponent’s concession behavior. Based on the Weber-Fechner’s law, we designed a method to calculate an agent’s emotional assessment of the opponent’s proposal. Next, we construct a time belief function which can dynamically assess the pace of negotiation. Then, a Q-Learning algorithm is used to integrate those two assessments with evaluating another agent’s concession behavior to update the focal agent’s proposal. Moreover, a series of numerical experiments are conducted. The results combined with sensitivity and comparative analyses show that the proposed model framework is superior to the existing agent-based persuasion methods in terms of negotiation efficiency and fairness.

The History of Institutionalization of Vaccination Practices in Western Europe (18<sup>th</sup> – 19<sup>th</sup> Centuries)

The article is devoted to the historical development of the vaccination practices institutionalization in the context of smallpox epidemics in Europe. Historical analysis allows identify three stages of institutionalization. The first lasted from the emergence of variolation as a social innovation until 1800 when it was replaced by vaccination. The second stage – when political and legislative legitimization of vaccination was accomplished. And the third one – when economic and moral-ethical persuasion methods of constructing public beliefs were developed. All of these led to reconstructing of relationships between state and society.The relationship between the key social factors contributed to the transformation of vaccination institute from politically legitimized rules and strict sanctions for their violation to the balanced system of normative and value regulators of epidemic risks, which allowed certain European societies to perfect the system of public health protection and use the advantages in demographic and social development.

Detecting and Analyzing Emotions Using Text Stream Messages

Emotions are the gateway to converse your point of view to others. Generally, you can express your emotions either by audio or writing or symbols. Amid of audio and writing, audio/voice is a persuasive method to communicate emotions. During this work, we can get these emotions through the audio of the human using a deep learning network. We are extensively classify the emotions of the humans into irate, quiet, disdain, dread, glad, nonpartisan, miserable, and shock for effective emotion prediction. The audio features define how the audio signal reacts to the disturbing influence perceptible throughout. Thus, these features play a vital role in recognizing the emotion in audio. We are applying MFCC (Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) to the audio information to extract these essential features. MFCC is the preeminent method to extract the features from audio. Moreover, to get exact features, we are applying increase methods to the audio information.

Pemberdayaan kelompok petani tambak ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer, Bloch) dengan menggunakan teknologi secara modular di Gampong Lancang Barat Kabupaten Aceh Utara (Empowerment of sea bass farmers group (Lates calcarifer) using modular technology in Lancang Barat Village, North Aceh District)

The purpose of this service activity is to increase the knowledge regarding white snapper cultivation using modular technology to the aquaculture farmer group in West Lancang Village, North Aceh District. This service activity used a survey, educative, participatory, and persuasive methods. This community service activity consists of several stages, namely: 1) counseling on white snapper cultivation techniques carried out in a modular manner starting from nursery to harvest 2) counseling on business analysis of white snapper, and 3) training on pond water quality measurement methods. The level of success and satisfaction of service participants was carried out using a questionnaire. Based on the analysis of the level of satisfaction and success, 80-90% of pond farmers are satisfied with this service activity. This service activity provides positive knowledge and motivation for pond farmers. In conclusion, this empowerment activity has a positive impact and increases the knowledge of pond farmers in cultivating white snappers with modular technology.

Pemanfaatan Bahan Lokal dalam Pakan Ikan oleh Petani Tambak Desa Reuleut Timur, Aceh Utara

The high price of commercial feed causes higher production costs. The problem was experienced by fish farmers, including the groups of pond farmers in East Releut Village, North Aceh. The purpose of this activity is to improve the pond farmer's skills by developing artificial fish feed made from local raw materials using Moringa leaf flour. This service activity uses an educative, participatory, and persuasive method approach. Also, the procedures consist of several stages, that are socialization about artificial fish feed made from local raw materials, socialization about the introduction of various local raw materials that have the potential to be used as feed ingredients, socialization about manufacturing technology fish feed, training in the stages of making fish feed, and marketing training for artificial fish feed made from local raw materials. The socialization and training on the process of artificial feed also motivate pond farmers to produce fish feed made from local raw materials. The participants were very satisfied on the knowledge/information (64,58%), the explanation of knowledge (72,22%), and the whole activity (63,89%), and satisfied on discussion process (58,33%). Participants hoped that developing artificial feed products, could reduce the cost of production

Evaluation of antivaccination movement in Turkey: qualitative reports of family physicians.

In Turkey, childhood vaccination rates are decreasing in the context of increasingly visible antivaccination movements. To evaluate the antivaccination movement based on communication experiences between family physicians and antivaccine parents in Turkey. We conducted 39 face-to-face in-depth interviews with family physicians in Sakarya Province who had experiences of communicating with antivaccine parents during October-December 2019. With the permission of the participants, audio recording was obtained in all interviews except one; these were transcribed verbatim and checked. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. The most common concern about vaccination was the possible side-effects, followed by the origin of the vaccines, religious concerns and distrust of vaccines. The physicians said they assumed an inquisitive, informative and anxiety-relieving attitude towards antivaccine parents. Parents had various reasons for refusing childhood vaccinations, however, the family physicians used persuasive methods to convince them to accept the vaccinations. Strengthening the communication and persuasive skills of health care professionals regarding vaccination may help increase acceptance of childhood vaccinations.

Social responsibility of public relations and its role in facing crises

Objective of the study: The study aims to clarify the role of social responsibility for public relations in facing crises in the Kuwaiti civil defense sector. The problem of the study: revealing the social responsibility of public relations in the Kuwaiti civil defense sector in the face of crises related to the conditions of nature, the disasters that may be exposed, the problems related to the human element, the lack of environmental sanitation and the role of the civil defense sector in facing these crises. Study methodology: This study is one of the descriptive analytical studies, which was applied to the selection of a representative sample of some public relations publications in the Kuwaiti civil defense sector. Language and the use of these tools in the face of crises. Study community: The study community is represented in the Kuwaiti civil defense sector. The researcher relied on a sample of the sector’s publications that could be obtained. The available sample of the study is the analysis of 5 booklets and 3 brochures representing a safety guide for civil defense emergencies and guiding instructions for early attention to achieve the safety of citizens. Results of the study: The study reached many results, including the commitment of the public relations publications of the Kuwaiti civil defense to social responsibility by providing theoretical and practical advice and advice that must be followed to confront natural or human disasters and urging the public to adopt voluntary social work. Recommendations: It is necessary to update the public relations publications in terms of the published topics periodically, without prolonging the period between the update and the other. Training those in charge of designing and issuing public relations publications to use the latest design programs to keep pace with the developments of the times. - Conducting a periodic and sequential analysis of the public relations publications in the civil defense sector, knowing the priorities of attention and addressing the shortcomings in the following preparations based on the reflection of the communication message on the receiving audience. - The necessity of diversifying the persuasive methods to make an impact and effectively persuade the public to achieve societal safety.

Social-Cyber Maneuvers During the COVID-19 Vaccine Initial Rollout: Content Analysis of Tweets.

BackgroundDuring the time surrounding the approval and initial distribution of Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine, large numbers of social media users took to using their platforms to voice opinions on the vaccine. They formed pro- and anti-vaccination groups toward the purpose of influencing behaviors to vaccinate or not to vaccinate. The methods of persuasion and manipulation for convincing audiences online can be characterized under a framework for social-cyber maneuvers known as the BEND maneuvers. Previous studies have been conducted on the spread of COVID-19 vaccine disinformation. However, these previous studies lacked comparative analyses over time on both community stances and the competing techniques of manipulating both the narrative and network structure to persuade target audiences.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand community response to vaccination by dividing Twitter data from the initial Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine rollout into pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine stances, identifying key actors and groups, and evaluating how the different communities use social-cyber maneuvers, or BEND maneuvers, to influence their target audiences and the network as a whole.MethodsCOVID-19 Twitter vaccine data were collected using the Twitter application programming interface (API) for 1-week periods before, during, and 6 weeks after the initial Pfizer-BioNTech rollout (December 2020 to January 2021). Bot identifications and linguistic cues were derived for users and tweets, respectively, to use as metrics for evaluating social-cyber maneuvers. Organization Risk Analyzer (ORA)-PRO software was then used to separate the vaccine data into pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine communities and to facilitate identification of key actors, groups, and BEND maneuvers for a comparative analysis between each community and the entire network.ResultsBoth the pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine communities used combinations of the 16 BEND maneuvers to persuade their target audiences of their particular stances. Our analysis showed how each side attempted to build its own community while simultaneously narrowing and neglecting the opposing community. Pro-vaccine users primarily used positive maneuvers such as excite and explain messages to encourage vaccination and backed leaders within their group. In contrast, anti-vaccine users relied on negative maneuvers to dismay and distort messages with narratives on side effects and death and attempted to neutralize the effectiveness of the leaders within the pro-vaccine community. Furthermore, nuking through platform policies showed to be effective in reducing the size of the anti-vaccine online community and the quantity of anti-vaccine messages.ConclusionsSocial media continues to be a domain for manipulating beliefs and ideas. These conversations can ultimately lead to real-world actions such as to vaccinate or not to vaccinate against COVID-19. Moreover, social media policies should be further explored as an effective means for curbing disinformation and misinformation online.

About the communication of health research: generating trust through information and education.

Public communication strategies of scientific findings can be placed at various levels on a scale that originates from purely informative methods and, through increasingly persuasive methods, goes up to coercion. Institutional communication of science during the covid-19 pandemic is affected by the tension between the pursuit of the ethics of transparency and the need to achieve public health goals: a communication focused on information, that neutrally highlights both the risks and the advantages of an intervention, could reduce the acceptance of this intervention in the short term, but consolidate people's trust in institutions in the long term. On the other hand, a more persuasive communication could lead to a greater adherence to the proposed intervention in the short term, but weaken the trust of the communication's recipients towards the institutions. Whenever there is robust evidence in favor of the net benefit of an intervention, informative and persuasive communication tend to overlap, while interventions with an uncertain relation between pros and cons should orient communication towards more informative strategies: even when this is not possible, as in the case of health emergencies, transparency in communication remains decisive. In this regard, transparency is configured as the common denominator of a type of science communication that can generate trust in its recipients. But transparency alone is not enough. In fact, its effectiveness is lost if the communicated contents are not useful and if the recipients of the messages are not able to receive them adequately. Based on Italo Calvino's Six Memos, we define six requirements for transparent communication of scientific research and emphasize the importance of interventions aimed at promoting health literacy since primary school, such as the international Informed Health Choices project.

Analysis of Persuasive Design Mechanism Based on Unconscious Calculation

In order to make users’ behavior more standardized, a persuasive design mechanism analysis method based on unconscious calculation is proposed. Taking the concept of persuasion and the goal of persuading function as the theoretical basis, the user behavior data is obtained in the form of correlation calculation, and the ant colony algorithm is used to classify the behavior data. According to the results of data processing, analyze unconscious behavior and its characteristics, and obtain the persuasion mechanism through unconscious calculation, persuasion model, and persuasion model design. The experimental results show that the method in this paper has a higher acceptance of behavioral persuasion and higher satisfaction of the persuaded, indicating that the method has strong practical applicability.

The Role of Incentives in Deciding to Receive the Available COVID-19 Vaccine in Israel.

This study aimed to assess the Israeli public’s intention to get vaccinated immediately after the COVID-19 vaccine became available, and to determine the role of incentives beyond socio-demographic, health-related and behavioral factors, in predicting this intention. An online survey was conducted among adults in Israel (n = 461), immediately after the first COVID-19 vaccine became available (22 December 2020 to 10 January 2021). Two regressions were performed to investigate determinants of intention to receive the available COVID-19 vaccine and sense of urgency to receive the vaccine. Although many adults were willing to receive available COVID-19 vaccine, only 65% were willing to immediately receive the vaccine, 17% preferred to wait 3 months and 18% preferred to wait a year. The sense of urgency to get vaccinated differed by age, periphery level, perceived barriers, cues to action and availability. Incentives such as monetary rewards or the green pass did not increase the probability of getting vaccination immediately. Providing data on the role of incentives in increasing the intention to immediately receive the available COVID-19 vaccine is important for health policy makers and healthcare providers. Our findings underscore the importance of COVID-19 vaccine accessibility. Health policy makers should consider allocating funds for making the vaccine accessible and encourage methods of persuasion, instead of investing funds in monetary incentives.

ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ З ПИТАНЬ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ КОНТРОЛЮ ЗА ДОРОЖНІМ РУХОМ

The article is devoted to traffic control with the use of vehicles. Control over road users is a very effective area of activity of the Patrol Police Department, which allows to quickly influence the traffic process and the behavior of its participants. That is, the patrol police directly monitors traffic in Ukraine. The effectiveness of control largely depends on the forms and methods of its implementation. According to most experts, the reduction in accidents is due to a number of national measures, among which an important place is to improve the rules establishing liability for violations of traffic rules. The purpose of the study – the article considers the issue of car – phantom patrol in a more “understandable” aspect, namely: the implementation of specialized police cars without special external control over compliance with road users in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic”. Methodology. The research is based on the dialectical-materialist method of scientific knowledge of social and legal phenomena, as well as general and special methods of legal science, namely: system-structural, comparative-legal, logical-legal (dogmatic), statistical. The scientific novelty of the study is to prove a particularly acute issue in the fight against traffic safety in the field of specialized vehicles – “phantoms”. Legislation on road safety has played a positive role in the last five years. The state of accidents in the state has stabilized, the level of discipline of road users has relatively increased. However, the problem of traffic safety remains unresolved. Experience with the implementation of traffic policy shows that the implementation of preventive measures is successful when the methods of persuasion are supported by legal norms that establish responsibility, an adequate degree of public danger of traffic violations. Conclusions. Regarding the introduction of fixation of traffic violations by specialized cars – “phantoms”, it should be noted that this should be preceded by extensive outreach among citizens and especially among drivers. Therefore, it is desirable to organize explanatory work of patrol police chiefs in the media. As a result, all this will lead to an atmosphere of understanding among drivers about the need and legitimacy of the use of this form of control in the work of the patrol police of Ukraine. The main purpose of the introduction of specialized vehicles – “phantoms” – is to identify and eliminate from the process of traffic drivers who have committed serious violations that directly affect the occurrence of road accidents. Therefore, timely control is the key to road safety and saved lives.

THE METHODS OF PERSUASION USED IN EMARKETING ADVERTISEMENTS AND THEIR REFLECTION ON THE PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR OF IRAQI YOUTH: A FIELD STUDY

Scientists consider that the appeal to the mind is the mental criterion for persuasion, which is the strongest and most influential, followed by the appeal to the heart, which represents the symbol of emotion, in the persuasive process. The Iraqi (field study) with several sub-questions, to achieve several research goals, based on the theory oriented to the research, which is (the theory of media persuasion), which we see as the most appropriate theory for the problem of this research, its questions and objectives, based on the intellectual heritage represented by the methods of persuasion in electronic advertisements and their reflection on young consumers. The method used is the survey method, as it is one of the most appropriate approaches to media studies, and is consistent with the topic, problem and objectives of the research based on the analytical descriptive approach, as well as the questionnaire tool for all data and information related to the field study of the research sample represented by the Iraqi youth in the Iraqi governorates (Baghdad, Nineveh and Basra) and the adult Their number is (668) researched. The study reached several results, including the following: Determining goals was one of the most important methods of persuasion used in electronic advertisements in Iraqi commercial sites. The polarization model occupied the forefront of the persuasion models used in electronic advertisements, because this model plays a positive role in persuading young consumers and urging them to make a purchase decision. Among the most important principles of persuasive design in electronic advertising is simplicity and clarity The most important recommendations that came out of this study are as follows: Highlighting the characteristics and advantages of the product in terms of quality and efficiency, as well as focusing on the commercial relationship, facility, price and warranty in order to urge young people to make a purchase decision. The electronic advertisements in the Iraqi commercial sites focused on advertising communication, but they neglected electronic sales, and the delivery service, which is among the pillars of delivery. The necessity of paying attention to persuasive methods in electronic

METHODS OF INDIVIDUAL PREVENTION CORRUPTION CRIMES

The article is devoted to consideration the methods of individual prevention of corruption crimes. Different scientific approaches to the definition of “individual prevention” are established in the article, and it is also noted that well-constructed prevention contributes to the increase of legal awareness of the population and proper legal education of young people, who from an early age understand that it is unacceptable to allow criminal actions. The author explains the essence of the concept of “individual prevention” and notes all the main aspects related to it. It is noted that individual prevention of corruption crime is carried out in specific conditions of corruption environment. In the article the attention is drawn to the fact that in the context of individual prevention of crime, including corruption, the question concerning the methods of individual preventive actions is very actual. At the present stage of criminological science development it is accepted to allocate such methods of individual-preventive actions, as a method of persuasion, a method of the help and a method of enforcement. In the article it is marked how much in specific conditions the listed methods are capable of struggle against corruption criminality. As a result, it has been determined that individual crime prevention, including corruption prevention, is a complex type of activity, as this activity is always related to a specific person and characteristics of such a person. On this basis, it is possible to achieve real results from individual and preventive actions if all possible means and methods of preventive activity are used systematically.

Wycliffism and Hussitism: Methods of Thinking, Writing, and Persuasion, c. 1360–c. 1460 ed. by Kantik Ghosh and Pavel Soukup

Wycliffism and Hussitism: Methods of Thinking, Writing, and Persuasion, c. 1360–c. 1460 ed. by Kantik Ghosh and Pavel Soukup

Consilience in Urban Design (?): The Conceptual Convergence of Strange Bedfellows

Abstract This article unfolds how the predominant binary view towards urban design offers an alternative tripartite interpretation. This less orthodox but more realistic probing of the field's methods of praxis (hybridity, spontaneity, and continuity) “dissolves” its dominant formal-informal binary categorizations. Hybridity represents the synergistic city-nature relationship based on visually persuasive methods of design by mimicking natural processes. Spontaneity captures how local creative impromptu small-scale DIY design intervention efforts fill possible gaps in formal top-down urban design projects. Continuity highlights the complementary (rather than polarized) relationship between formal and informal urbanism.