Perspectives Of Young People Research Articles

Learning in Dialogue with Latinx Children of Immigrants: Reflections on the Co-emergence of Collaborative Linguistic Inquiry and Critical Pedagogical Praxis

In this article, we recount our experiences learning from and with Latinx children of immigrants in urban schools. Highlighting how insights gleaned from our respective ethnographic projects have led us to embrace more explicit commitments to participatory engagement, we consider how young people's perspectives can and should fundamentally shift adults’ understanding of their communicative practices and linguistic ingenuity. We end by articulating a utopian vision for educational ethnography and language education in urban schools, one characterized by multidirectional and intergenerational learning, and in which critical pedagogical praxis emerges as researchers and teachers engage in dialogue with Latinx children of immigrants.

Service user satisfaction with care in a specialist service for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Consumer satisfaction is considered one of the most important measures of service quality in child mental health; however, there is limited understanding of factors that influence satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate key factors influencing satisfaction with care (SWC) in ADMiRE, a specialist service for young people (YP) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parents/carers (n = 67) and YP > 9 years (n = 44) attending ADMiRE completed an anonymous Experience of Service Questionnaire (ESQ), a quantitative/qualitative measure of service user satisfaction. Parents/carers also completed symptom severity rating scales. Data were analysed to determine (i) overall SWC, (ii) the relationship between parent- and youth-reported SWC and (iii) the impact of symptom severity on SWC. Thematic analysis of qualitative ESQ data was completed. Parents/carers were significantly more satisfied than YP (p = 0.028). Symptom severity did not impact significantly on parent/carer satisfaction. YP with severe hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive ADHD symptoms were significantly less satisfied with care than those with less severe ADHD symptoms (p = 0.022 and p = 0.017 respectively). Factors related to the therapeutic alliance were identified as being particularly important to both parents/carers and YP. This is the first Irish study that has investigated the impact of symptom severity on service user satisfaction in a child mental health service. The results highlight the different perspectives of YP and parents and provide novel insights into the impact of symptom severity on service user satisfaction. The importance of the therapeutic alliance should not be underestimated in future development of services.

Cognitive strengths in first-episode psychosis: perspectives from young people with lived experience

ABSTRACT Background Identifying cognitive strengths may be one avenue for enhancing functional recovery in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study explored the perspectives of young people with FEP on the conceptualisation of cognitive strengths and the perceived risks and benefits, and pragmatic considerations, of a cognitive strengths-based approach to assessment and treatment. Methods Ten participants, aged 18 to 26 (M age = 21.44 years, SD = 2.70), were recruited from an early psychosis assessment and treatment service. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four overarching themes emerged, related to: 1) Understanding cognitive strengths in FEP; 2) Potential benefits; 3) Barriers and risks; and 4) Considerations for development and implementation. Young people held positive views toward assessment and treatment methods focused on cognitive strengths, suggesting that identifying strengths and building confidence beliefs may promote greater functioning. Potential barriers, including harms related to being unable to identify cognitive strengths or neglecting deficits, were areas requiring further consideration. Discussion A cognitive strengths-based approach to assessment and treatment in FEP is a promising area of investigation, according to young people with FEP. The results provide insight regarding a cognitive strengths definition and the ways that these could be measured in future.

Young people who have fallen through the mental health transition gap: a qualitative study on primary care support.

BackgroundOwing to poor continuity of care between child and adult mental health services, young people are often discharged to their GP when they reach the upper boundary of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). This handover is poorly managed, and GPs can struggle to support young people without input from specialist services. Little is known about young people’s experiences of accessing mental health support from their GP after leaving CAMHS.AimTo explore the experiences and perspectives of young people and the parents/carers of young people receiving primary care support after CAMHS and to identify barriers and facilitators to accessing primary care.Design and settingQualitative study with young people and parents in two English counties: London and West Midlands.MethodNarrative interviews were conducted with 14 young people and 13 parents who had experienced poor continuity of care after reaching CAMHS transition boundary. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: unmet mental health needs, disjointed care, and taking responsibility for the young person’s mental health care. Barriers included the perception that GPs couldn’t prescribe certain medication, anxiety caused by the general practice environment, and having to move to a new practice at university. Young people’s positive experiences were more likely to include having a long-term relationship with their GP and finding that their GP made time to understand their needs and experiences.ConclusionGPs could help to meet the unmet needs of young people unable to access specialist mental health services after leaving CAMHS. There is a need for comprehensive handover of care from CAMHS to GPs, which could include a joint meeting with the young person and a member of the CAMHS team. Future research should focus on interventions which improve continuity of care for young people after leaving CAMHS, and collaborative working across community mental health services.

'It All Kind of Links Really': Young People's Perspectives on the Relationship between Socioeconomic Circumstances and Health.

Meaningful inclusion of young people’s perceptions and experiences of inequalities is argued to be critical in the development of pro-equity policies. Our study explored young people’s perceptions of what influences their opportunities to be healthy within their local area and their understandings of health inequalities. Three interlinked qualitative focus group discussions, each lasting 90 to 100 min, with the same six groups of young people (n = 42) aged 13–21, were conducted between February and June 2021. Participants were recruited from six youth groups in areas of high deprivation across three geographical locations in England (South Yorkshire, the North East and London). Our study demonstrates that young people understand that health inequalities are generated by social determinants of health, which in turn influence behaviours. They highlight a complex interweaving of pathways between social determinants and health outcomes. However, they do not tend to think in terms of the social determinants and their distribution as resulting from the power and influence of those who create and benefit from health and social inequalities. An informed understanding of the causes of health inequalities, influenced by their own unique generational experiences, is important to help young people contribute to the development of pro-equity policies of the future.

School-based sexual and reproductive health education for young people from low-income neighbourhoods in Northeastern Brazil: the role of communities, teachers, health providers, religious conservatism, and racial discrimination

ABSTRACT Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education for young people is a challenge for national health systems in low-and middle-income countries. This study analysed SRH education among adolescents in a low-income neighbourhood of Brazil from the perspectives of young people themselves, primary healthcare providers, and school teachers. Using semi-structured interviews, data were collected from twelve informants aged 15–20 years, eight health professionals, and nine teachers. Interviews were analysed using the ecological framework (i.e. with a focus on individual, structural and programmatic levels). At the individual level, there was a marked lack of discussion about SRH in the family, especially with parents. As a result, young people sought information from relatives of a similar age, the Internet and social media. Racism on the part of some teachers was identified as a structural-level constraint, and lack of dialogue between the health and education sectors was a programmatic barrier. Schools were seen as propitious settings for SRH education, and joint action by health providers and teachers could be beneficial for the promotion of SRH among young people in schools.

Children as innovators: harnessing the creative expertise of children to address practical and psychosocial challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic - COVISION study protocol.

Background: We are currently in a period of transition, from the pre-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) era and the initial reactive lockdowns, to now the ongoing living with and potentially the after COVID-19 period. Each country is at its own individual stage of this transition, but many have gone through a period of feeling adrift; disconnected from normal lives, habits and routines, finding oneself betwixt and between stages, similar to that of liminality. Children and young people have been particularly affected. Aim: To increase the understanding of home and community-based strategies that contribute to children and young people's capacity to adjust to societal changes, both during and after pandemics. Moreover, to identify ways in which children's actions contribute to the capacity of others to adjust to the changes arising from the pandemic. The potential for these activities to influence and contribute to broader social mobilisation will be examined and promoted. Research design: To achieve the aim of this study, a participatory health research approach will be taken. The overarching theoretical framework of the COVISION study is that of liminality. The study design includes four work packages: two syntheses of literature (a rapid realist review and scoping review) to gain an overview of the emerging international context of evidence of psychosocial mitigations and community resilience in pandemics, and more specifically COVID-19; qualitative exploration of children and young people's perspective of COVID-19 via creative outlets and reflections; and participatory learning and action through co-production.

Acceptability of the Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT)\xa0trial intervention: a qualitative study of perspectives of young people and school staff

BackgroundThe Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial is investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component behaviour change intervention to reduce the prevalence of dental caries in young people from deprived areas aged 11–13 years. Mobile health has gained popularity in delivering behaviour change interventions for improving oral health. The intervention, based on behaviour change theory, consists of two components; a single classroom-based session embedded in the school curriculum and a series of follow-up text messages (SMS) delivered twice daily to participants. This element of the process evaluation aimed to explore the acceptability of the BRIGHT intervention for pupils and school staff.MethodsQualitative study, based on the concept of acceptability. Focus groups were conducted with 50 pupils, from six secondary schools across the UK, who had received the intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 members of staff. Purposive maximum variation sampling was used. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework approach.ResultsIn line with the theoretical framework of acceptability, affective attitude, perceived effectiveness, ethicality, burden and self-efficacy were identified as factors that affect the acceptability of the BRIGHT intervention. Pupil participants appreciated learning about the consequences of inadequate brushing particularly the photographs of carious teeth during the classroom-based session. More detailed information on brushing techniques and follow-up lessons on oral health were recommended by pupils. In terms of the SMS, the data suggest that pupil participants found them to be helpful reminders for brushing their teeth. To further improve acceptability, more choice over the timing of the messages and greater interactivity to reduce tedium were suggested. Staff participants recognised the value of the lesson and reported that in general the content was suitable for their pupils. Having the lesson material prepared for them, having the necessary support and whether it was included in the curriculum, were factors that improved acceptability.ConclusionOverall, pupils and staff found the BRIGHT intervention acceptable and made some suggestions which could be adopted in any subsequent implementation of the intervention.

Interpersonal scripts and sexual communication: experiences and perspectives of young people in St. Petersburg, Russia

In Russia, young adults face many barriers that prevent them from accessing reliable and up-to-date knowledge about what sexual communication between partners can look like. This may lead to episodes of sexual miscommunication, which in turn sometimes result in sexual aggression. The study aimed to identify how following prevalent sexual scripts facilitates clear sexual communication or alternatives leads to miscommunication between Russian young adults. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women and 11 men aged 19-25 years living in St. Petersburg (Russia) who had had at least one sexual partner of the opposite sex. Data were analysed thematically. Four themes were developed from the interviews: (1) endorsing (or not endorsing) traditional sexual scripts, (2) the presence or absence of sexual compliance, (3) softening refusal of sexual contact or intercourse, (4) the belief that asking for consent is unusual. Findings indicate that patterns and clarity of sexual communication differ depending on the type of relationship (serious, casual, and other), its stage, and partners’ beliefs. Study findings underscore the need for sex and sexuality education for young people in Russia.

Positive family relationships in a digital age: Hearing the voice of young people

AbstractThis study focused on young people's perspectives about family relationships and how they can be strengthened or weakened through digital media practices. Located in Melbourne, Australia, 20 participants aged between 13 and 17 years were interviewed about how digital devices and practices shaped the way they interacted with family. The thematic analysis points to the young people's commitment to family cohesion. This was demonstrated through responsible use of social media, admitting the need for device‐free time, acknowledging the challenges of being online, and their sense of responsibility as a family member, which informed and shaped the way they individually acted.

Living with lymphoedema: children's and young people's perspectives.

Lymphoedema is a chronic condition that requires lifelong, time-consuming and laborious management. It can have significant effects on physical, psychological and social well-being. Children and young people with lymphoedema require access to expert services to aid early diagnosis and referral for assessment and treatment. To explore the perspectives of children and young people living with lymphoedema and those of their families, as well as their experiences of the national paediatric lymphoedema service in Wales. A qualitative approach was adopted using semi-structured interviews with participants who had been referred to the national paediatric lymphoedema service in Wales. A total of 15 families were interviewed. Five themes were identified: lack of professional awareness of paediatric lymphoedema; a journey to diagnosis as lost in the system; 'being me' - what it feels like to have lymphoedema; managing lymphoedema and feeling supported; and the benefits of a national paediatric lymphoedema service. Two sub-themes were identified within the 'being me' theme - body image and self-esteem, and loss of control. Lymphoedema has a profound effect on daily life, body image and self-esteem. Participants tended to be resilient and determined to continue with their lives. Importantly, they valued being under the care of a service that understood their condition.

"We Need to Care about This, and Yes the Facts Are Terrifying": Understanding Young People's Perspectives about Energy Transition and Climate Adaptation in Regional Australia

This small-scale study examines young people's perspectives about energy transition and climate change adaptation in regional Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. As the opinions and experiences of children and youth have been historically overlooked in contemporary sustainability climate discourse and policy, this research investigates previously unheard accounts. The study draws on four facilitated "Conversations for Change" discussions with a total of 14 young people (aged 9–17) that explored their ideas and concerns about sustaining themselves and their communities during a time of climate change and energy transition. Their ideas and opinions about living in/with a climate-altered local and global future are reflected across four main themes: (a) young people's values; (b) perceptions of energy, transition and adaptation; (c) the enabling role of climate literacy for young people; and (d) responding to a just energy transition through collective endeavors.

Young people’s views on religious fundamentalism, ethno-nationalism and SRHR: an SRHM South Asia virtual roundtable discussion

In South Asia, social identity and location have always been important determinants of the opportunities available or denied to people and of their relationship to the State. They are also closely linked to the social norms that govern young people’s lives. In recent times, religious and identity-centric fundamentalism and ethno-nationalism has gained extraordinary importance in the South Asian sub-continent, and this has implications for young people’s SRHR. This roundtable article is based on a virtual discussion organised by SRHM to explore, from the perspectives of young people from five countries in South Asia, how a young person’s identity and social location affect their SRHR. The discussion threw light on the ways in which conservative religious norms, nationalist discourse, and discriminatory legislation have constrained young people’s choices, their access to health care services and their overall sexual and reproductive wellbeing. It also discussed, with critical reflection, the efforts that are being made by young people’s collectives to bring about positive change. With respect to implications for practice in the SRHR domain, the discussion highlights the significance of understanding and acting on the interlinkages between political, social and cultural contexts with sexual and reproductive health while addressing the concerns of young people.

Psychological Adjustment in Apert Syndrome: Parent and Young Person Perspectives.

To date, limited research has been carried out into the psychological impact of having a diagnosis of Apert syndrome (AS) and the life experiences of families living with this condition. The aim of the current study was to explore psychological adjustment to AS from the perspectives of young people, and their parents, with the broader goal of informing care, and support for this population. Four young people (2 male) aged 11 to 15 years and their mothers were interviewed in their homes using a semistructured interview guide and photo-elicitation methods. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified from the data: (1) Acceptance and Adjustment: A Cyclical Journey; (2) A Barrier to Adjustment: Navigating Treatment; and (3) Facilitating Adjustment: Social Support. Families described adjustment as a cyclical process, which was sensitive to change, particularly in the context of ongoing medical treatment. Families also utilized many resources, particularly in the form of social support, to adjust to the challenges of AS and build resilience. The findings of this study have important implications for the implementation of patient-centered care within designated craniofacial treatment centers, which should at a minimum include the provision of reliable information throughout the treatment pathway, additional support from health professionals at key times of transition, and the coordination of support across medical teams, and other key organizations in the child's life.

Digital Solutions to the Problems of Chinese Students in St. Petersburg Multilingual Space

Multilingual space is considered as one of the most important parts of the cultural environment that becomes a challenge for international students. The research ex-amined the multilingual space of St. Petersburg from the perspective of young people from China. Included observation, short interviews and analysis of Chi-nese freshmen essays serve as a source for the formation of a database of multi-lingual objects of everyday life of Chinese students and reveal language problems as the main challenges in the city multilingual space for a foreigner. The authors proposed an approach dividing the multilingual space of the city into space of communication and the "physical space of the language", existing vertically in three levels (city, university and personal areas). Expansion of the multilingual space at all levels due to the digital environment can significantly improve the language adaptation of students Although a coherent digital environment that provides the Chinese dimension to a multilingual environment does not yet exist. However, such elements as specially developed electronic guides and dictionaries, maps, augmented reality applications, communication platforms in social networks, etc. contribute to its future creation

Building family connectedness—A new practice tool for social workers

Abstract Family connectedness is important for youth mental health and well-being. Social workers can help families build and maintain connections during adolescence. Evidence-based practice tools which approach youth well-being through a whole-of-family lens help legitimise social work’s person-in-environment approach to mental health. In this study, fifteen Australian social workers piloted a new practice tool to support family connectedness. The tool outlines key elements of family connectedness from the perspectives of young people and provides detailed examples to help understand and strengthen family connections. The social workers trialled the Family Connectedness Practice Tool for two months. Before the trial, participants were surveyed on which skills, theories and practice approaches they used to support family connectedness. After the trial, participants were surveyed on how they used the tool and how useful it was in their practice. The findings highlight the range of knowledge informing practice with children, youth and families. The tool was considered very useful by participants and helped with family connectedness education, assessment and intervention. The findings raise questions about how much young people’s perspectives are valued in practice and the challenges social workers face when using a whole-of-family approach.

Relevant Differences between Urban and Rural from the Perspective of Young People's Lifestyle

Relevant Differences between Urban and Rural from the Perspective of Young People's Lifestyle

Etiology of Smoking Tendency: A Qualitative Examination of the Experiences of Young Smokers

Etiology of Smoking Tendency: A Qualitative Examination of the Experiences of Young Smokers

Young people's perspectives on inequalities in health in England: a qualitative study

BackgroundAcross England, inequalities in health are worsening. They have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and are particularly acute for some ethnic and socioeconomic groups, and some regions. Exploration of the public's understanding of health inequalities has increased, but few studies have looked at the views of young people. Our study seeks to redress this gap by exploring young people's perspectives of inequalities in health. MethodsWe did a qualitative study consisting of three interlinked focus groups (online and face-to-face) with young people from six youth organisations. Focus groups took place from Feb 10 to June 28, 2021. They were co-delivered with partnering youth organisations and involved participatory concept mapping activities and the discussion of health-related news articles. Working with youth organisations, we recruited young people (aged 13–21 years) from six youth groups in areas of high and mixed deprivation across three geographical locations in England (the North East, South Yorkshire, and London). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The data management software NVivo 12 was used to facilitate coding. All participants provided written informed consent, following acquisition of verbal informed consent from parents or guardians. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the University of Sheffield, Durham University, and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine ethics committees. FindingsWe ran 15 focus groups online and three face-to-face with 42 young people (19 male, 18 female, two non-binary, and three trans-male). Numbers ranged from two to ten participants in each group. Young people described a variety of different factors that shaped their health, including individual behaviours, personal or household resources, relationships and community, local services, the physical environment (particularly reputation and safety), psychosocial factors (including sense of belonging), and the socioeconomic context of the area (eg, quality and quantity of local jobs). However, throughout their discussions they foregrounded the importance of interrelationships between factors. Young people's understanding of inequalities in health were often rooted in their own experience and focused on an awareness of advantage and disadvantage. Young people articulated several different pathways through which they perceived health inequalities to be created, and consistently emphasised the importance of poverty as a root cause of inequality. Priorities for change included improving mental health support, access to safe and healthy local spaces, affordability of activities, healthy food availability, and youth group funding. InterpretationOur study highlights that young people have nuanced, experiential understandings of factors influencing their and other people's health within their local areas. Exploring young people's perspectives of inequalities is crucial in designing policies that are relevant to, and informed by, the people and places they affect. FundingUK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Public Health Research (SPHR).

Exploring the potential of a school-based online health and wellbeing screening tool: professional stakeholders and young people's perspectives and experiences

BackgroundSupporting young people's mental and physical health is a global policy priority, but detecting need and facilitating access to health services and support is challenging. We aimed to explore the perspectives of young people and professional stakeholders of the acceptability, utility, and effectiveness of a school-based online health and wellbeing screening tool, the Digital Health Contact (DHC), which has linked follow-up support. The DHC was initially piloted in 2017, and has been running ever since. MethodsDelivered by Public Health School Nurses (PHSN) in the East Midlands, the DHC aims to identify and put in place strategies to meet the unmet health needs among young people. As part of a wider evaluation of the DHC intervention, we carried out semistructured online interviews. Data were analysed thematically. The data management software NVivo 12 was used to facilitate coding. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the University of Sheffield. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. FindingsBetween Aug 2, 2020, and June 8, 2021, we carried out online interviews with 14 key stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of the DHC (two commissioners, one provider, six PHSN, two health-care staff, and three school leaders; 13 female, one male) and 29 young people (aged 13–14 years old; 21 female, eight male) from one school who had participated in the DHC. Young people perceived the DHC as an acceptable and useful way of discussing health needs. The delivery method and context of the DHC (online, at home, and at school), and knowledge of the involvement of the PHSN in delivering the DHC, was noted by the young people to facilitate honest responses and greater amounts of engagement. Stakeholders perceived the universal application of the DHC with linked follow-up intervention as an effective means of identifying and supporting young people with unmet needs, and an efficient way to target limited service resources. There were barriers around enabling school engagement typically in terms of logistics, school infrastructure, and perspectives of fit with schools. These barriers were seen to be negated through developing effective working relationships between PHSN and schools. InterpretationThe DHC was consistently perceived as an effective and acceptable tool for detecting need and providing support from those delivering and receiving it. The DHC's universal screening and linked follow-up support approach has great potential and could be adopted more widely to help identify and support unmet health need among young people. FundingThis project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research (SPHR-PHPES009-DHC).