Perspective Of Reform Research Articles

The Development and Re-Forming of Quality Assurance in German Higher Education – An Organizational Reform Perspective

The Development and Re-Forming of Quality Assurance in German Higher Education – An Organizational Reform Perspective

The Crisis Management of Smaller Banks: Perspectives of Reform

660The current common framework for bank crisis management and national deposit guarantee schemes (CMDI) is tailored for banks which are considered too big (or too complex) to fail. Smaller banks are de facto excluded from the application of resolution, even though they are obliged to contribute to its functioning. In practice, not even the size element has been decisive and the crises of significant as well as less significant institutions have been managed at the national level instead of within the framework and conditions foreseen by the BRRD. The consequent and persistent fragmentation in the European financial market requires that the dichotomy between resolution and liquidation be overcome and that the scope of resolution also include smaller banks. The paper analyses the main reforms needed to achieve this goal, including the European Commission’s recent proposal to revise the CMDI.

Higher education transformation towards lifelong learning in a digital era – a scoping literature review

ABSTRACT In the ongoing shift to a knowledge society, the idea of a technology-enabled lifelong learning has frequently been discussed. The shift also requires a transformation of higher education with new forms for teaching and learning deployment. This ongoing transformation was formulated in a research question that has guided this study: 1) Which key themes of lifelong learning emerge from higher education literature? This study was carried out as a scoping literature review to map literature in the field. Findings from a thematic analysis pointed out seven main themes or perspectives: The Policy perspective, The Value perspective, The Employability perspective, The Reform perspective, The Collaborative perspective, The Student perspective and The Workplace learning and Professional development perspectives. Five publications of the 26 selected publications from the literature search will be further used and analysed as part of a Delphi study. This Delphi study will involve a group of leading researchers in the field of lifelong learning as an expert panel to further explore and expand the key themes of lifelong learning in higher education and digital trends in higher education reforms.

Perspectives of private international law reform in Ukraine

Perspectives of private international law reform in Ukraine

Obstetric Violence in Italy

This essay focuses on so-called obstetric violence, i.e., the medical malpractice consisting of disrespect and/or abuses to the detriment of women during their labor or when they give birth, as well as during health care services concerning the sexual and reproductive sphere. The main goal is to start a debate on a topic already considered by foreign lawmakers, also for punishment purposes. After an empirical-criminological survey of the cases and the misconduct to be labelled as “obstetric violence”, this essay analyses the legal tools available in Italy. From a law reform perspective, the author reflects on the (non-criminal) strategies to prevent distortions of the doctor–patient relationship as well as on the harm to women’s self-determination and dignity, particularly in respect of the rules on informed consent.

Research on the Mechanism and Path of Rural Industry Revitalization Enabled by Digital Economy in Southwest China

Establishing a long-term mechanism for empowering rural industry revitalization through the digital economy is the key to comprehensively promoting rural revitalization during the 14th Five Year Plan period. This article analyzes the influencing factors and characteristics of different models of rural industry development in the southwest region, and identifies specific models that can match the digital economy’s empowerment of different industries in the southwest region. And from the perspective of supply side structural reform, the research on the development mechanism and implementation path of rural industry revitalization in Southwest China is placed under the national strategy of digital economy, aiming to provide scientific decision-making basis for the matching mode, mechanism design, and implementation path in the process of rural industry revitalization in Southwest China from the perspective of supply side structural reform.

Ordering and Utilization of Abandoned Land in the Region of Palu City, Sigi Regency and Parigi Moutong Regency (Agrarian Reform Perspective)

The control of abandoned land is an effort to maximize the objectives of Article 33, paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, whereby land is utilized for the most excellent possible welfare of the people. Article 15 of the Basic Agrarian Law is also mandated to maintain the land, increase soil fertility, and pay attention to the interests of economically weak parties. In addition, it is the responsibility of a person or legal entity that has mastered or has rights over land, namely, to work actively so that the land becomes neglected or deliberately abandoned. The objectives that will be the target and achievement of this research are answering legal problems, obtaining solutions on how to control abandoned land in Central Sulawesi, and developing knowledge and understanding of science in the field of Law, especially Agrarian Law. This is empirical research, namely, from experience, observations based on field data, and information obtained from direct interviews with various sources and agencies related to this research. Areas of land designated as abandoned land result in the termination of the legal relationship between the holder of land rights and the land that is controlled and the status of the land as state land, namely land that is directly controlled by the state. Prevention, control, and utilization of abandoned land are essential steps and prerequisites for carrying out national development programs, especially in the agrarian sector, which the 1945 Constitution has mandated, Basic Agrarian Law, and the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN). Keywords: abandoned areas, abandoned lands, agrarian reforms. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/132-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2023

Teachers’ perspectives of national assessment reform in Kazakhstani secondary education

Teachers’ perspectives of national assessment reform in Kazakhstani secondary education

Unification of power and responsibilities for state‐owned enterprises: A quasi‐natural experiment

AbstractResearch Question/IssueBased on Property Rights Theory and Empowerment Theory, this paper uses the establishment of local State‐Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commissions (SASACs) as a quasi‐natural experiment to investigate whether and how SASACs improve the efficiency of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs).Research Findings/Insights(1) After the establishment of SASACs, and compared to those not supervised by the SASACs (i.e., the control group), SOEs governed by local SASACs (i.e., the treatment group) have experienced a significant increase in decentralization and empowerment from the government, proxied by corporate pyramid levels. We also find increased pay‐performance sensitivity for SOE managers and higher productivity measured by total factor productivity (TFP). (2) SASACs adopt different strategies to manage SOEs in monopolistic and competitive industries. (3) The above effect of the SASACs is more pronounced in SOEs supervised by high‐quality governments that effectively protect property rights, enforce fair contracts, apply laws and regulations to everyone, and sufficiently refrain from expropriation.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsUsing a quasi‐natural experiment, this paper expands the existing literature on SOE reform from the perspective of incentive reform at the regulatory level based on Property Rights Theory and Empowerment Theory.Practitioner/Policy Implications(1) Privatization is not necessarily the only optimal solution for SOE reform. We show that the unification of power and responsibilities can be very effective and is perhaps less costly and more practical than privatization. Thus, our study provides an encouraging solution for SOE reform for other countries. (2) Countries experiencing SOE reform should also work on strengthening their government quality in order to fully maximize the benefit of the reform.

Death Penalty for Perpetrators of Corruption Crimes Perspective of Criminal Law Reform

Perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia have caused enormous destruction for the survival of the nation and state. Not only is it detrimental to state finances, but the crime of corruption has also robbed the community of social and economic rights at large. If you look back at the existing regulations in the current law, especially those that regulate the imposition of capital punishment on perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption, it is regulated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of Law no. 20 of 2001 but in applying the death penalty to corruptors it is difficult to enforce so that research is needed regarding this article, corruption is a crime that is very difficult to eradicate, because it is often carried out systematically and involves people in power. We too can feel how great and extraordinary the danger posed by this crime. The methodology used in this study is a normative juridical research method. The focus of this article is how is the policy of implementing the death penalty law against perpetrators of corruption and how is the death penalty in the perspective of criminal law reform. So it is natural that the crime of corruption is classified as an extraordinary crime that must be eradicated in an extraordinary way, one of which is by punishing the perpetrators of corruption in this country to death.

The Conflict in Eastern Ukraine and International Support for the Decentralization Reform (2014–2022): Theory-Guided Observations

This article explores Western donors’ support for the decentralization reform in post-Euromaidan Ukraine prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, with a focus on the relationship between decentralization and conflict management. It demonstrates that, despite the protracted conflict in eastern Ukraine, bilateral donors have preferred to address Ukraine’s decentralization from the governance reform perspective, rather than as a form of territorial self-governance (TSG) arrangement, linked to conflict resolution. They have also tended to “outsource” conflict-related support to multilateral organizations. This article explains the Russian Federation’s use of the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk “People’s Republics” as proxies in an international conflict and the contested nature of the role played by the Minsk Protocol in determining the form of support provided for reform. It concludes with insights into the implications of donor support for the decentralization reform in Ukraine for research on decentralization and other TSG solutions in conflict-affected contexts.

The Crisis Management of Smaller Banks: Perspectives of Reform

The Crisis Management of Smaller Banks: Perspectives of Reform

The situation analysis on market-oriented selection and employment of talents in power grid business

Talent is the "first resource" for state-owned enterprises to achieve high-quality development. Only by following the law of market economy can we realize the optimal allocation of talent elements and play the maximum value. The government has repeatedly stressed that it should not only introduce local talents from regions, but also seek all development talents, use good talents without sticking to one pattern, and gather talents from all over the world. The construction of market-oriented selection and employment mechanism is an important measure to implement the reform of state-owned enterprises. It is of great significance to improving the market-oriented operation mechanism of SOEs, stimulating the development vitality and endogenous impetus of SOEs, and promoting the high-quality development of SOEs. From the perspective of internal and external reform and development situation, this paper analyses the new requirements and challenges of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the market-oriented selection and employment of power grid business, and further clarifies the direction and policy requirements of the construction of the market-oriented selection and employment mechanism. The importance and necessity to promote market-oriented selection and employment mechanism are comprehensively and systematically expounded.

Public primary education in Decree n° 7247 (1879): Civilizing perspectives of imperial society reform

Resumo No último quartel do século XIX, o Império brasileiro foi confrontado por certas questões políticas, econômicas e sociais, que abalaram suas estruturas consolidadas, ameaçando sua estabilidade. Nesse panorama, o governo imperial, através de uma rede complexa de instituições e dispositivos, procurou alternativas para equilibrar o regime monárquico, garantindo sua permanência. Entre os muitos investimentos implementados no período, destaca-se o Decreto n° 7247 (1879), que reformou os três níveis de ensino, primário e secundário no município da Corte e superior em todo o Império. Atentando-se à instrução pública primária, perscrutou-se determinados sentidos e significados atribuídos à obrigatoriedade, gratuidade, laicidade e liberdade de ensino, nessa legislação educacional. Logo, indiciou-se algumas perspectivas civilizatórias de reforma da sociedade imperial, convergindo o governo da escola com o governo da população. Portanto, entende-se que, por meio da reforma educacional, esforçava-se para instituir uma escola possível, em meio às condições, circunstâncias e acontecimentos daquele presente.

Contact and Conflict: Integral Experience in Classical Chinese and Reformational Philosophies

Abstract This essay offers a comparative analysis of aspects of classical Chinese philosophy with those of Reformational (Neo-Calvinist) philosophy. Such aspects form a shared root in prioritizing temporal experience (over abstract reasoning) and conceptualizing the entirety of reality as contingent and relationally dependent. At the same time, however, what marks the divergence between the two philosophies is the underlying assumptions as to what this integral reality points toward – a directionality that is critical to meaning and being. For classical Chinese philosophy, the source and meaning of reality is found within reality itself, not beyond it, construing such reality not as independent and self-contained but necessary and sufficient. This conflicts with the notion of reality as contingent and dependent. From a Reformational perspective, on the other hand, reality (i.e., all of creation) is constituted as it stands in relation to an independent and necessary Creator. The crux of Reformational philosophy is that the origin and meaning of all reality must point outside of itself to its origin in God.

Quality Enhancement of Physical Education in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of the Supply-side Structural Reform

The overall characteristics of higher education in China have been transformed from extensible development to connotative development, which is consistent with the core content of improving quality and effect in the strategy of supply-side structural reform. In response to the current dilemma of the supply-side output of physical education in Chinese universities, it calls for a balance between the demand and supply for higher physical education. In terms of exploring factors that contribute to a high-quality education system from the perspective of supply-side structural reform, the supplier, the content, the mode, and the conditions of the supply side is supposed to be optimized by improving the teaching abilities of the leading suppliers, optimizing the output of the supply content, facilitating a collaborative supply model, and expanding the online supply field. Accordingly, the coordinated and unified development of the supply and demand of physical education for college students can be promoted, to enhance the quality of physical education in Chinese universities.

Quality Enhancement of Physical Education in Chinese Universities from the Perspective of the Supply-side Structural Reform

The overall characteristics of higher education in China have been transformed from extensible development to connotative development, which is consistent with the core content of improving quality and effect in the strategy of supply-side structural reform. In response to the current dilemma of the supply-side output of physical education in Chinese universities, it calls for a balance between the demand and supply for higher physical education. In terms of exploring factors that contribute to a high-quality education system from the perspective of supply-side structural reform, the supplier, the content, the mode, and the conditions of the supply side is supposed to be optimized by improving the teaching abilities of the leading suppliers, optimizing the output of the supply content, facilitating a collaborative supply model, and expanding the online supply field. Accordingly, the coordinated and unified development of the supply and demand of physical education for college students can be promoted, to enhance the quality of physical education in Chinese universities.

Electricity market Reform: The perspective of price regulation and carbon neutrality

China promised to achieve carbon neutrality in 2060. However, electricity prices are still regulated, which may affect the effect of carbon neutrality, especially in China, because 70% of China’s electricity comes from thermal power generation. In this paper, a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model (CEEEA/CGE model) is applied to simulate the electricity market-oriented reform under the target of carbon neutrality from 2020 to 2060. The results show that the target may increase the demand for labor and capital to cope with increasing energy costs, and the reform may reduce GDP. However, power reform can significantly optimize the energy and economic structures and alleviate the fiscal deficit. Moreover, this paper finds and concludes the mechanism causing these effects (such as factor substitution, price advantage, government revenue, and structure), which provides policymakers with a new perspective of power reform.

Leveraging the Five Perspectives of Health Professional Education to Advance Change Management in Virtual Care.

Virtual care (VC) was rapidly introduced into mainstream health service delivery due to COVID-19. To maintain and integrate VC with in-person care, one important change management approach requires a holistic educational strategy for the health professions. Pratt's (1998) "five perspectives of teaching" is an effective framework to guide the development of VC education to holistically increase the knowledge and skills of health professionals and stimulate health system change through the Transmission, Apprenticeship, Developmental, Nurturing and Social Reform perspectives. This article then makes five recommendations to implement this strategy through purposeful involvement and collaborations between stakeholder organizations.

Pharmaceutical regulation, pricing, coverage and policy reform in the United States of America

The United States (US) is the largest economy in the world and the largest pharmaceutical market, accounting for 40% of the global expenditure on pharmaceuticals and almost half of the global pharmaceutical pipeline. This review describes prescription drug regulation, pricing and coverage in the US and provides perspectives for policy reform. With an unregulated market-based pricing system for drugs, the US pays on average 3 to 4 times higher prices for branded prescription drugs than other industrialized countries. Challenges posed by rising drug prices create affordability problems that threaten the American population’s health as well as the sustainability of the US healthcare system. The US stands out as the country with the highest health expenditure per capita, at about 17% of its gross domestic product, and with pharmaceuticals representing over 12% of the total health expenditure. Health coverage is strongly dependent on employmentbased private insurance, with government programs like Medicare and Medicaid providing coverage to older and poorer populations, respectively. Coverage for outpatient prescription drugs is included in most, if not all, private health insurance plans and government programs. Although some drug pricing policy reforms have been proposed in recent years, no major nationwide initiatives have been successful in the US thus far. High drug prices might not only impact the US care system’s efficiency, but can also have a ripple effect to other countries like Brazil that use the US for external reference pricing, even if those countries may have other price regulation mechanisms in place. This is particularly important for new therapies for which no other international prices may be available in the global market besides the one from the US. The growing budgetary pressures from rising drug prices underscore the need for US drug pricing reform and highlight the need for global pricing mechanisms that can help ensure early access to new technologies at fairer prices.