Perspective Of Psychiatry Research Articles

Modern Perspectives in International Child Psychiatry

This volume is one of three in the series, Modern Perspectives in Psychiatry. Two of the volumes, including the one here reviewed, are devoted to child psychiatry. A variety of subjects is discussed helpfully, starting with intrauterine hazards, through birth and early infancy, to mother-child and father-child relations. The clinical part includes discussion on electrocerebral activity and sleep disturbances, psychosomatic conditions, psychogenic retardation and organic psychosis. A comprehensive discussion of school problems and residential care of children is followed by a very interesting article on the strategy of follow-up study, which is so important in improving our ability to better predict the outcome of emotional problems in childhood. However, the word modern, in the title, promises more than it fulfills. Indeed, although this book is comprehensive and includes a variety of important topics, much new information is missing, eg, the use of imipramine in enuretic children, or the salutary effects

Modern Perspectives in Child Psychiatry: Modern Perspectives in Psychiatry, No. 1, edited by John C. Howells. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971, 605 pp., $20.00

Lamentably, this compendium of comprehensive, high-quality articles on a wide range of topics is a reprint of a book published in 1965. Not a second edition, but a literal reprint. Not only is the content of every article unchanged (including all the bibliographies), but even the paging is identical throughout. Before elucidating further this unearthedtime-capsule phenomenon (and giving it some justification) let us enumerate the specific topics covered. The book is divided into two sections: Part One, entitled "Scientific Basis of Child Psychiatry," and Part Two, "Clinical Aspects of Child Psychiatry."

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:Studies of Troublesome Children. By D. H. Stott.Psychopathology: Its Causes and Symptoms. By F. Kräupl Taylor.The Hampstead Psychoanalytic Index: a Study of the Psychoanalytic Case Material of a Two‐year‐old Child. By John Bolland and Joseph Sandler in collaboration with Maria Kawenoka, Lily Neurath, Hanna Engl Kennedy, Agnes Bene and Sheila Baker.Amnesia. By C. W. M. Whitty and O. L. Zangwill.Early Childhood Disturbances, the Infantile Neurosis, and the Adulthood Disturbances: Problems of a Developmental Psychoanalytical Psychology. By Humberto Nagera.Freud and Christianity. By R. S. Lee.What Freud Really Said. By David Stafford‐Clark.Experiments in Persuasion. Edited by R. L. Rosnow and E. J. Robinson.Progress in Experimental Personality Research, vol. 4. Edited by B. A. Maher.Modern Perspectives in World Psychiatry. Edited by John G. Howells.Psychopharmacology: Dimensions and Perspectives. Edited by C. R. B. Joyce.Studies in Psychiatry: a Survey of Work carried out in the Department of Psychiatry of the Institute of Psychiatry under the Chairmanship of Sir Aubrey Lewis, 1945–66. Edited by Michael Shepherd and D. L. Davies.Psychologists in Education Services: The Summerfield Report.Treatment or Torture. By G. Seaborn Jones.Reviews of Research in Behaviour Pathology. Edited by D. S. Holmes.Mass Behaviour in Battle and Captivity. Edited by Samuel M. Meyers and Albert D. Biderman.Experiences in Groups. By W. R. Bion.The Science of Social Medicine. By Alwyn Smith.Work and Community: The Scott Bader Commonwealth and the Quest for a New Social Order. By Fred H. Blum.Encyclopaedia of Cybernetics. By A. Müller.The Ecological Perspective on Human Affairs: with Special Reference to International Politics. By Harold and Margaret Sprout.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Introduction to Physiological Psychology. By F. LeukelCognitive Processes in Maturity and Old Age. By Jack BotwinickThe Development of Role‐Taking and Communication Skills in Children. By John H. Flavell in collaboration with Patricia T. Botkin, Charles L. Fry, Jr., John W. Wright and Paul E. JarvisFundamentals of Skill. By A. T. WelfordThe Hallucinogens. By A. Hoffer and H. OsmondBiological Psychiatry: A Review of Recent Advances. By J. R. Smythies with the collaboration of Alec Coppen and Norman KreitmanFoundations of Child Psychiatry. Edited by Emanuel MillerLearning, Language and Cognition. By Arthur W. StaatsThe Perception of People and Events. By Peter B. Warr and Christopher KnapperCreative Research Scientists. By R. J. Shapiro.Lucid Dreams. By Celia GreenOut‐of‐the‐Body Experiences. By Celia GreenEarly Experience and Behavior: The Psychobiology of Development. Edited by Grant Newton and Seymour Levine.Early Experience and the Organization of Behavior. By J. P. ScottHuman Aging and Behavior: Recent Advances in Research and Theory. Edited by George A. TallandA History of Genetic Psychology: The First Science of Human Development. By Robert E. GrinderJung's Contribution to Our Time: Collected Works of Eleanor Bertine. Edited by E. C. RohrbachEarly Education. Edited by Robert D. Hess and Roberta Meyer BearLehrbuch der experimentellen Psychologie. By Richard Meili and Hubert RohracherTowards Effective Counseling and Psychotherapy: Training and Practice. By C. B. Truax and R. R. CarkhuffPhobias: Their Nature and Control. By S. RachmanThe Regulation of Behaviour. By E. A. LunzerOlfaction and Odours: An Osphrésiological Essay. By William McCartneyTruancy. By Maurice J. TyermanIntroduction to Theoretical Linguistics. By John LyonsModern Perspectives in World Psychiatry. Edited by John G. HowellsAttention in Learning: Theory and Research. By Tom Trabasso and Gordon H. BowerAttention in Discrimination Learning: A Point of View and a Theory. By Elijah LovejoyThe Study of Personality: An Interdisciplinary Appraisal. Edited by Edward Norbeck, Douglass Price‐Williams and William M. McCord

An approach to formal psychiatry.

AN APPROACH TO FORMAL PSYCHIATRY HOWARD T. HERMANN, M.D.,* and JOHN CHRISTOPHER KOTELLY] The following essay, condensed from a forthcoming book, lacks full annotation and clinical illustrations. In cursory form, it presents the essence of an approach. The infinite, permutative nuances of the clinic should, in principle, be derivable from such an idealized schema. However, as can readily be seen in the treatment of affects, the system is not fully developed. This is no compendium ofpsychopathology; rather, it is an attempt to construct a formal language (and, therefore, theory) for psychiatry. Section I develops the formal expressions. It uses a variation ofthe language ofmodel theory [i]. Context and metaphoric identification are formally defined and their central role introduced. From this base, we construct a value theory whose explicit inclusion ofa context operator relaxes some ofthe constraints ofcurrent value theory. In SectionII, after a phenomenological treatment ofinduction and evocation ofmodels, we outline application ofthe language to "mental regulatory mechanisms." Emotions, or "affects," are then developed in Section III; and finally, in Section IV, a formal schema for pathology ("psychiatry") is presented, with some sample classifications. Ifour work stimulates efforts to devise a more objective representation of psychiatric phenomena so that students of behavior can talk to each other objectively, it will have served its purpose. For readers unfamiliar with the mathematics of Section I, we suggest a quick initial pass and a more detailed reading on completion of the article. * Associate in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts. ? Present address, NASA, Electronic Research Center, Computer Research Laboratory, Cambridge , Massachusetts. We wish to acknowledge the editorial collaboration ofConstance Botvin and the secretarial assistance of Donna Dickinson. The Bezalel Foundation, Inc., supported the cost of publication. 272 Howard T. Hermann andJohn Christopher Kotelly · Approach to Formal Psychiatry Perspectives in Biology and Medicine · Winter 1967 In the following work, we shall be concerned with a fundamental aspect of biological systems, namely, the plasticity that allows them to mold themselves to the ever changing relationships of nature. This is particularly exemplified by the central nervous system. We believe that one can best describe and analyze this plasticity by a language of model formation. "Models" need in no way be similar to their causes, the "real thing." They arise from the interaction or coupling between "real things" (including other models) and a modeling system. They need only obey the rule oflawfully correlating themselves in such a way that they express all differences and relations of "real things." We propose a formal definition of models in which all these correlative aspects are represented. We shall develop the representations so as to be useful in describing human mental functions. I. The Formal System A model is an ordered set (B, X, h, h*, B*, Xf), denoted by Mod(B, X, h), to be read "B models X relative to h," where (?) X is the set being modeled, (2) B is the modeling set, and (3) h is a map from X to B, written xKb, or, equivalently, h:X —> B, where h is called the filter and h*:X* —> Bf. A map is defined as a relation between two sets, where elements ofthe first set are given correspondencies to those in the second set. X* is the set ofall mappings ofX into X, that is, the set ofall possible changes that can be made within the set, X. Similarly, B* is the set of all mappings of B into B. Each is closed under a single-valued, binary, associative operation , 0, with a unit element [respectively, Id(X*) and Id(B*)], where Id equals, by definition, identity. B* and X* satisfy the conditions of a semigroup , and h*:X* —> B* is a homomorphism. Definition: Given two models, MOd(B1, X, ht) and Mod(B2, X, h2), the "sum" ofthe two models is denoted by Mod(B„ X, k), Mod(B2, X, h2) à MOd(B1 T B2, X, hi T h2). From the definition of model, it can be proven that the sum oftwo models, Mod(Bz T B2, X, K @ h2), is also a model. A. Composition of Models Given two models, Mod(B, X, h) and Mod(B', B, h'), where h:X —» B...

Modern Perspectives in Child Psychiatry

In this, the first of a projected series on modern perspectives in psychiatry, the editor explains that the object is to bring new information to the clinicians as soon as possible. Child psychiatry was chosen as the topic because of the rapidity with which this field has been growing. contributors, all British psychiatrists and psychologists and prominent in the areas about which they write, have skillfully summarized not merely their own work but that of others, so that each chapter presents a good survey of recent developments in a particular field. While the book is divided into two parts, basis and clinical aspects, it is all designed for the practicing physician. In the scientific section the longest paper, entitled The Application of Learning Theory to Child Psychiatry, by Eysenck, is especially interesting and informative. All the chapters of this part are well worth reading, especially those dealing with

PERSONALITY TRAITS IN CESAREAN--NORMALLY DELIVERED CHILDREN.

Introduction The phenomenon of has held man's interest from earliest times. Poets and philosophers, from the beginning of history, have mused about the arcane nature of the event. More recently, the experience has been considered from the perspective of psychoanalytic psychiatry. Rank 8 has stressed the trauma of birth as the primal experience of anxiety. Greenacre 2 has similarly theorized that the process provides the prototype of the individual's later experiences of anxiety by organizing diffuse, somatic, preanxiety reactions into a definite pattern. Since uterine separation occurs by definition in all births, its effects cannot be isolated for study. However, operational, testable hypotheses can be formulated regarding the different effects of various modes of bringing about the uterine separation. A comparison af vaginally and cesarean delivered individuals would seem to offer the opportunity to determine the postpartum consequences chiefly attributable to passage through

Comments on Spiro's Review of "The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology"

Comments on Spiro's Review of "The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology"

Book Review: The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology

Book Review: The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology

: The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology . Ernest Becker.

: The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology . Ernest Becker.

The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology.

The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology.

The Clinical Situation in Psychotherapy, Dependency Government, and Applied Anthropology

At a recent seminar where "Perspectives in Psychiatry" was the topic of discussion,1 I was struck by a parallel development in modern psychiatry, dependency government administration, and applied anthropology. The psychiatrists made several points, emphasizing a change which has occurred in the concepts of "patient" and of "therapist," as well as in the role of each in the clinical situation, and in the relationship between the two. From being regarded almost like lower animals unworthy of humane consideration, or as fallen souls possessed by demons, or as sinners being justly punished by the Lord, the mentally ill have gradually come to be viewed as persons. As such, they are treated as sick people who respond sensitively to their environments and, if given adequate treatment, have a good chance to recover.2 At the same time, the therapist's role has evolved from that of witch doctor or custodian to that of personal friend, adviser, and therapist. A new component has emerged in the situation—namely, the warm personal relationship between therapist and patient whereby not only the patient but also the doctor may gain in personal growth.

Quelques Commentaires Sur La Chloropromazine En Pratique Psychiatrique

It is not the purpose of this article to give out statistics about chlorpromazine and the cures and improved cases to be credited to its use. More simply,. we wish to outline what our own experience has been after a rather constant use of this drug over a period of two years. During that time about 200 of our patients have received Largactil in various amounts. — it is our impression that in private psychiatric practice chlorpromazine is most valuable as an emergency drug in all cases of agitation — Largactil has proved a valuable help in the treatment of acute and even chronic psychosis — with unstable, turbulent children, often pre-psychotic types, it may be used with advantage — in neurotic cases the use of this drug are more restricted, and its advantages less marked. At any rate, the criteria of efficacy are here less accurate. — chlorpromazine is not meant to replace psychotherapy but serves as a potentializer to its action and, in that way, can shorten the duration of treatment — chlorpromazine's action might be construed as one of “deconditioning“ where the patients had been conditioned to affective traumas. By interrupting the effect of their neurosis on their neuro-vegetative system it leaves them,. so to speak, “disconnected” from their neurosis and, for that reason, more accessible to psychotherapy than could have been hoped. The hypothesis, as Such, opens up new perspectives in dynamic psychiatry. It would be an exaggeration, we feel, to talk about the revolution brought about in the practice of psychiatry by the advent of chlorpromazine but certainly it introduces an important evolution and it cannot be denied that the chances have been heightened by it of obtaining cures in psychiatry.