Modeling Perspective Research Articles

Why can parents’ phubbing affect mobile phone addiction? Perspective of the I-PACE model

ObjectiveBased on the I-PACE model, this study investigated the longitudinal relationship between parents’ phubbing and mobile phone addiction, as well as the serial mediating effects of maladaptive cognition and ego depletion.MethodsA longitudinal study, with data collected at two time points over a six-month interval to test the proposed hypotheses. The independent variable was measured at Time 1 (T1), while the mediators and dependent variables were assessed at Time 2 (T2). A total of 591 middle school students from a city in central China was recruited to complete the parents’ phubbing scale, maladaptive cognition scale, ego depletion scale and mobile phone addiction scale.Results(1) The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between T1 parents’ phubbing, T2 maladaptive cognition, T2 ego depletion, and T2 mobile phone addiction. (2) Maladaptive cognition was found to mediate the relationship between parent’s phubbing and mobile phone addiction. Similarly, ego depletion also mediated the relationship between parent’s phubbing and mobile phone addiction. Additionally, both maladaptive cognition and ego depletion functioned as serial mediators between parent’s phubbing and mobile phone addiction.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that parental phubbing serves as a longitudinal predictor of mobile phone addiction, with maladaptive cognition and ego depletion acting as key mediators in this process.

Exploring ChatGPT’s role in English grammar learning: A Kolb model perspective

ABSTRACT This study investigated the application of the Kolb model to assess the efficacy of ChatGPT in enhancing English grammar learning. Data were gathered through interviews and observations. By analysing data across the Kolb model’s stages - concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation, and active experimentation - both the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT become apparent. The results indicated that while ChatGPT encourages interactive learning and enthusiasm among students, there is a prevailing doubt regarding its accuracy, underscoring the necessity of maintaining a critical mindset towards AI-generated content. Participants emphasised ChatGPT’s supportive role in education, aiding in the understanding and applying grammar concepts. However, concerns regarding ChatGPT’s occasional inaccuracies and struggles to understand contextual nuances are observed. The study highlights the importance of human involvement in AI tools and the need for students to develop technological literacy. Furthermore, it proposes a pedagogical model effectively utilising ChatGPT in English grammar education

Exploring satisfaction of online teaching faculty from a Job Demands-Resources model perspective: the mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and motivation

Exploring satisfaction of online teaching faculty from a Job Demands-Resources model perspective: the mediating roles of emotional exhaustion and motivation

Impact of sample size, sojourn time distribution on the performance of multistate semi-Markov model for analyzing disease progression: a simulation study

Multistate semi-Markov model (MSSMM) is an alternative to the widely used Multistate Markov Model (MSMM) for analyzing longitudinal failure time data, but there lacks simulation study for its performance. We simulated multistate data and evaluated MSSMM’s performance in various parameter settings. We considered an extended illness-death model with 5 states and 8 transitions. Three kinds of sojourn time distributions and a trivial embedded chain were used for data generation. We used information criteria (IC) to select models and calculated the coverage of model parameter, effect and survival statistics. We also calculated the standard deviation of mean state occupancy probability (MSOPSD) and the standard deviation of restricted expected length of stay (RELOSSD) from the perspective of multistate model. We found that correct identification of model distribution is related to the selected IC; model parameter coverage is related to the true distribution and transition; effect coverage is related to the true distribution; survival statistics coverage is related to the true distribution, transition and covariate; MSOPSD and RELOSSD are both related to the selected information criteria and covariate. These findings provide a basis for the reliability of MSSMM extrapolation and prediction, and inspire future MSSMM research.

Ethane solubility in triethylene glycol from an experimental and modeling perspective

Ethane solubility in triethylene glycol from an experimental and modeling perspective

SoK: Computational and Distributed Differential Privacy for MPC

In the last fifteen years, there has been a steady stream of works combining differential privacy with various other cryptographic disciplines, particularly that of multi-party computation, yielding both practical and theoretical unification. As a part of that unification, due to the rich definitional nature of both fields, there have been many proposed definitions of differential privacy adapted to the given use cases and cryptographic tools at hand, resulting in computational and/or distributed versions of differential privacy. In this work, we offer a systemisation of such definitions, with a focus on definitions that are both computational and tailored for a multi-party setting. We order the definitions according to the distribution model and computational perspective and propose a viewpoint on when given definitions should be seen as instantiations of the same generalised notion. The ordering highlights a clear, and sometimes strict, hierarchy between the definitions, where utility (accuracy) can be traded for stronger privacy guarantees or lesser trust assumptions. Further, we survey theoretical results relating the definitions and extend some of them. We also discuss the state of well-known open questions and suggest new open problems to study. Finally, we consider aspects of the practical use of the different notions, hopefully giving guidance also to future applied work.

Mobile stroke units services in Germany: A cost-effectiveness modeling perspective on catchment zones, operating modes, and staffing.

Investigating the cost-effectiveness of future mobile stroke unit (MSU) services with respect to local idiosyncrasies is essential for enabling large-scale implementation of MSU services. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness for varying urban German settings and modes of operation. Costs of different operating times together with different personnel configurations were simulated. Different possible catchment zones, ischemic stroke incidence, circadian distribution, rates of alternative diagnoses, as well as missed cases were incorporated to model case coverage and patient numbers. Based on internationally reported clinical outcomes of MSUs, a 5-year Markov model was applied to analyze the cost-effectiveness for the different program setups. Compared with standard stroke care, MSUs achieved an additional 0.06 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over a 5-year time horizon. Assuming a catchment zone of 750,000 inhabitants and 8 h/7 day operation resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €37,182 per QALY from a societal perspective and €45,104 per QALY from a healthcare perspective. Lower ICERs were possible when coverage was expanded to 16 h service on 7 days per week and larger populations. Sensitivity analyses revealed that missing ischemic strokes significantly deteriorated economic performance of MSU. Major determinants of cost-effectiveness should be addressed when setting up novel MSU programs. Catchment zones of more than 500,000-700,000 inhabitants and operating times of at least 12-16 h per day, 7 days per week could enable the most cost-effective MSU services in the German healthcare system.

The Ascendancy of Instructor Attitudes, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use on the Effectiveness of E-Learning: A Tam Model Perspective

The Ascendancy of Instructor Attitudes, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use on the Effectiveness of E-Learning: A Tam Model Perspective

The Ascendancy of Instructor Attitudes, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use on the Effectiveness of E-Learning: A TAM Model Perspective

The Ascendancy of Instructor Attitudes, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use on the Effectiveness of E-Learning: A TAM Model Perspective

Nexus of employability, work climate, and service charter’s effectiveness: USEM model and self-determination theory perspective

Abstract This study aims to understand how ‘employability’ factors and ‘work climate’ affect the effective implementation of service charter protocols in the public sector context. The study employed a quantitative method anchored on the Understanding-Skillfulness-Efficacy belief-metacognition (USEM) model and self-determination theory, utilising the convenience sampling method in surveying 402 graduate employees of the civil service in Ghana. The findings confirm that skillfulness, efficacy belief, and metacognition employability elements derived from the USEM employability model significantly influence the service charter’s effectiveness. Meanwhile, ‘work climate’ significantly moderates the ‘efficacy-belief-service charters’ effectiveness (SCE)’ relationship. However, understanding the subject matter did not significantly impact SCE. This study makes a novel contribution to the services literature by addressing how ‘employability’ elements and ‘work climate’ interact to influence service charters’ effectiveness, an area of study needing more attention in services literature.

A Comparative Review on Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) in Soil, Compost, Water, and Wastewater Environments: Incorporating Mathematical Modeling Perspectives

As the demand for environmentally friendly materials continues to rise, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional plastics. The present review offers a comprehensive analysis of the biodegradation behavior of PLA in diverse environmental settings, with a specific focus on soil, compost, water, and wastewater environments. The review presents an in-depth comparison of the degradation pathways and kinetics of PLA from 1990 to 2024. As the presence of different microorganisms in diverse environments can affect the mechanism and rate of biodegradation, it should be considered with comprehensive comparisons. It is shown that the mechanism of PLA biodegradation in soil and compost is that of enzymatic degradation, while the dominant mechanisms of degradation in water and wastewater are hydrolysis and biofilm formation, respectively. PLA reveals a sequence of biodegradation rates, with compost showing the fastest degradation, followed by soil, wastewater, accelerated landfill environments, and water environments, in descending order. In addition, mathematical models of PLA degradation were reviewed here. Ultimately, the review contributes to a broader understanding of the ecological impact of PLA, facilitating informed decision-making toward a more sustainable future.

Innovation in Decision-making Models Applied by Enterprises: Determinants of Organisational Innovation

Objective: The paper addresses innovation as a vital issue in management. The meaning of innovation is analysed in knowledge management and business strategy. The intention of the article is to present the innovation issue from the model perspective and to illustrate the mentioned matters based on research results. Research Design & Methods: The research problem was how to apply innovation in a decision-making model and describing the determinants of its implementation. Findings: The findings help address a number of results. The study tests a decision-making model, collaboration between managers in enterprises, and their support for innovation. Implications / Recommendations: When making decisions, enterprises must account for problems brought about by innovation in their current operations and strategy. Unfortunately, upwards of 40% of enterprises do not cooperate with research and development organisations. Further research will be required to understand why not. Contribution: This study has a range of implications for innovation researchers. It argues for increased attention to the decision-making process in the context of organisational innovation.

Network Structure of Transdiagnostic Dimensions of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents With Subthreshold Anxiety and Depression: Links With Psychopathology and Socio-Emotional Adjustment.

The transdiagnostic and network model approaches to psychopathology have emerged as an alternative to taxonomic systems. The main goal was to examine the network structure of the transdiagnostic dimensions of emotional disorders in adolescents with subclinical emotional symptoms. In addition, cross-sectional network analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between transdiagnostic dimensions, psychopathology, and socio-emotional adjustment. The sample consisted of a total of 476 adolescents from 85 schools from different provinces in Spain with subthreshold anxiety and depression. The mean age was 13.77 years (SD = 1.43, range: 10-18 years), 73.9% were female. Several questionnaires assessing transdiagnostic dimensions of emotional disorders, mental health difficulties, self-esteem, perceived social support, sense of belonging at school, and prosocial behaviour were used. A strong interrelation was found between the transdiagnostic variables, except with the positive temperament dimension. The dimensions with the greatest weight were those of traumatic re-experiencing, intrusive cognitions, avoidance, neuroticism, and depressed mood. Negative relationships were found between the transdiagnostic dimensions of emotional disorders and the protective factors included in the study. Stability analyses indicated that the networks were accurately estimated. The present paper points to the value of conceptualising emotional disorders from a transdiagnostic and network model perspective. In addition, the work provides new insights into the nature of the relationships between transdiagnostic dimensions of emotional disorders, and the role played by risk and protective factors.

Interrogativity: Problematological model and applied technique

Our paper deals with interrogativity from a philosophical as well as an educational perspective. Firstly, the rhetorical-argumentative theory of problematology is presented from the philosophical perspective of the problematological model. On the other hand, the question formulation technique shows a possible connection with educational or academic practice. What is finally obtained from connecting the two, through problematology as a philosophical construction and education as a practice of questioning, is that different ways of reasoning are encouraged and used in the socio-humanistic disciplines: creative thinking, critical thinking and thinking through questions

Co-creating an Indigenous-led virtual health services model for Indigenous Australians living with chronic disease.

To describe the co-design process and understand consumer perspectives of a virtual health services (VHS) model of primary healthcare delivery, for Indigenous Australians with chronic disease and living in regional, rural, and remote Queensland. Using decolonising methodologies, the study used an Indigenous consensus method to undertake the co-design process and generate findings. For analysis, a qualitative interpretive-description framework was applied. Thematic analysis generated themes, describing consumer perspectives of virtual healthcare models. The Goondir Health Services (Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation) operating clinics in rural and remote Queensland. Fourteen Indigenous VHS consumers who resided in Modified Monash Model 3-7 communities across Queensland, met the eligibility criteria and provided informed consent. Two themes emerged: (1) personalised approaches to autonomous care using digital technologies, with two sub-themes of the benefits and challenges of technology, and the integration of culturally inclusive healthcare elements; (2) person-centred, culturally appropriate healthcare elements within a VHS model, with three sub-themes on the vital role of health coaches, the importance of community connections, and enabling holistic personalised healthcare access. This study provides important consumer perspectives on the potential of VHS models of health care to empower Indigenous healthcare service consumers. VHS holds promise on multiple fronts: improved access, timeliness, continuity of care, and culturally sensitive health care, enabling improved self-management of chronic conditions, and provide crucial support from local Indigenous healthcare providers within the community. Future research on the sustainability and impact of personalised, consumer-centric digital health services in Indigenous populations is essential.

Effects of the Fruit Harvest Date and Shelf-Life Nexus of Apples on Different Quality Perspectives

Apples are considered one of the most extensively consumed fruits worldwide, prized for their superior nutritional profile, bioactive compounds, and sensory characteristics. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and sensory characteristics of two apple varieties, Braeburn and Golden Delicious, based on different harvest dates and during a 15-day shelf life period, using multiple quality assessment perspectives. The first part focused on key textural attributes and their changes over time. Golden Delicious fruit exhibited fewer alterations in texture, with only firmness showing significant changes during shelf life. In contrast, Braeburn fruit experienced alterations in multiple textural parameters, including fracturability, springiness, average peak load, and firmness, indicating a higher sensitivity to shelf life effects. Both apple varieties were significantly influenced by the harvest date. From a Kano model perspective, the quality attributes of apples were categorized as one-dimensional and attractive features, while oral processing requirements fell into three distinct categories: attractive, reverse, and indifferent. For the Braeburn variety, firmness was the dominant sensory attribute at the start of the shelf life at each harvest date, decreasing gradually over time. In contrast, the Golden Delicious apple maintained dominance in both firmness and juiciness across all harvest dates and shelf life testing days. Emotional responses during mastication were similarly distributed for all three harvest dates for the Golden Delicious variety, highlighting the stability of sensory experiences for this variety. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay of textural, sensory, and emotional responses to apple varieties, offering practical implications for apple breeding and post-harvest management.

High-Tech Based Disruptive Innovation Model (Case Study Di Stie El’fatah Manado)

The main objective of this study is to analyze and describe a high-tech-based disruptive innovation model, focusing on network infrastructure availability and leadership strengthening. This was conducted through a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing direct observation and in-depth interviews with five informants to address issues related to weak initiatives in implementing high-tech-based disruptive innovation models, with data analysis techniques using triangulation. This research resulted in a high-tech-based disruptive innovation model as a form of transformation and innovation in information services, shifting from conventional to digital by integrating three areas of information services: Education to Citizen (EdtoC), Education to Entrepreneurship (EdtoE), and Education to Education (EdtoEd). The conclusions drawn indicate that a high-tech-based disruptive innovation model within the realms of Education to Citizen (EdtoC), Education to Entrepreneurship (EdtoE), and Education to Education (EdtoEd) enables educational institutions to explore new opportunities, test ideas, and face emerging competition on the global landscape through adequate network infrastructure availability, political will, and strong leadership. These factors help in addressing issues of coordination, communication, and synchronization to foster a more modern work culture. The implications of this disruptive innovation model perspective provide an operational concept that integrates cyber technology for strategic decision-making processes, meeting the aspects of confirmability and transferability, ensuring that it can be applied in other settings.

How expanded servicescape shapes fitness center members' decision-making processes: a stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model perspective

How expanded servicescape shapes fitness center members' decision-making processes: a stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model perspective

Research on the Path of Stimulating Active Innovation Behavior of Postgraduates Based on Planned Behavior Theory -- Take the Service Management Course as an Example

As the high-level training talent, postgraduates are the new quality productive forces of national development. However, the quality of graduate training in economics and management is worried in reality, mainly reflected in the lack of students' innovative ability. The root cause is that graduate students engage in more passive innovative behaviors rather than proactive ones. Scholars have explored the pathways to enhance graduate students' innovative ability and behavior from both macro perspectives of cultivation models and micro perspectives of teacher-student relationships. However, they have overlooked the important linkage role of courses. Courses are an educational form in which multiple relationship subjects participate frequently under the guidance of cultivation model principles, and have an important driving role in stimulating graduate students' proactive innovative behaviors. This study firstly summarizes the characteristics of postgraduates from two dimensions of study objective and knowledge distance. Then, based on the theory of planned behavior, the whole process of "Service Management" is designed from three perspectives: attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control. The teachers actively guide and interact with the graduate students online and offline before and after the course to stimulate their proactive innovative behavior attitude. The ranking of group competition, group interaction and peer evaluation can influence the graduate students' proactive innovative behaviors' subjective norm. The visual learning list and positive feedback from the teachers can enhance the postgraduates' perceived self-control of proactive innovative behavior. This study reformed the "Service Management" course by activating the postgraduates' positive attitude of proactive innovative practice, creating a positive subjective norm, enhancing their perceived behavioral control of proactive practice, and thus stimulating the innovative practice behavior of business management postgraduates, which finally improve their comprehensive literacy.

The Dilemma of Cross-Border Data Flow and the Construction of Mutual Trust Platform in Asia

Abstract The current unilateral and bilateral governance agreement cannot solve problems such as the large strength gap, loose organisation, and cultural diversity in cross-border data flow in Asia. Therefore, we are in urgent need of structuring a multilateral governance mechanism, that is, to build a mutual trust platform for cross-border data flow in Asia. From a digital technology perspective, the Asian Cross-Border Data Flow Trust Platform is a blockchain-based digital technology architecture. From the perspective of the organisational model, the Asian cross-border data flow governance based on the mutual trust platform can be understood as a cooperative network in which multiple Asian countries cooperate to make cross-border data decisions. As a necessary medium to eliminate the complexity of the cooperation network, legal procedures will transform the chaos on the Asian Cross-Border Data Flow Mutual Trust Platform into order by simplifying the communication between multiple agents.