Perspective Of Actors Research Articles

Teacher development from the perspective of a training action in Brazil – literature review

The work presented here was guided by the revisionism of what the main authors have written about the educational theme in the teaching profession, emphasizing the issue of continuous education. Various theorists have researched how educational action takes place, its benefits, and its contexts – in Brazil and abroad. The paper has an introduction with contextualization, followed by the methodological proposal; a review of the literature with a qualitative-exploratory approach. The historical findings, from the end of the 20th century to the present day, reflect the educational update, focused on teacher-student issues, classroom dynamics, and virtual objects or resources to support pedagogical practice. A comparison of the authors' thoughts is then made, followed by the conclusion of the study.

Stakeholder perspectives of maternal and newborn health prioritization in South Sudan: a policy analysis

BackgroundThe maternal and neonatal mortality in South Sudan is among the highest in the world and among other fragile and conflict-affected countries. Within an evolving political economic context, this study aims to capture perspectives of current actors on drivers of the stagnating investments in maternal and newborn health (MNH).MethodsA descriptive case study guided by the health policy analysis triangle to explore contextual factors, policy content, actors’ roles and implementation processes for MNH policy and practice. A total of 20 key informants from government, humanitarian and development organizations, civil society, donors and health providers were interviewed.ResultsAccording to respondents, MNH was a priority in South Sudan due to the presence of various legal and policy frameworks. However, financial investment in MNH programs was inadequate due to the government focus on peace and stabilization, and the fragmented parallel systems run by international actors. Funding for MNH was also affected by ongoing conflicts and disease outbreaks, which diverted attention away from the issue. National initiatives to expand service coverage and funding are either inadequate or not well studied. In addition, gendered attitudes and norms continue to impede care seeking, service provision and inclusivity in decision-making for improving MNH prioritization. Stakeholders highlighted the need for accountability to sustain progress and close policy implementation gaps.ConclusionThis study highlighted relevant challenges and opportunities for improving MNH outcomes in South Sudan and similar fragile contexts. Government ownership of the MNH agenda is needed, so is strengthening of national initiatives, gender equity, actor coordination and accountability mechanisms.

Perception of the key competencies of lifelong learning and employability of university students and graduates from Colombia and México

The implementation of strategies to strengthen key competencies for lifelong learning require considering the environment and perspectives of different actors. This research aims to describe the perception of university students and graduates regarding the eight key competencies for lifelong learning, from their impact on employability, mastery achieved and need for strengthening. The research is quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional and non-experimental with a descriptive approach. The results showed that university students and graduates coincide in the competencies perceived as having the greatest need for strengthening: multilingual, the one with the greatest mastery: citizenship and with the greatest impact on employability: digital, which fulfills the hypotheses raised. In the results by country, Mexicans and Colombians coincide in the competencies of need for strengthening: multilingual and impact on employability: digital. They differ in domain: Colombians perceive citizenship and Mexicans additionally perceive social personnel and learning to learn and cultural awareness and expression.

Green Cities, Healthier Children: The Effect of Expanding Urban Green Space on Body Weight for Primary School Starters.

The discussion on tackling childhood obesity is often centered around fostering physical activity. A potential relationship yet overlooked could run from providing the proper environment for healthy lifestyles to reduced weight problems. A unique quasi-experimental setting of transforming former airport grounds to a large urban green space allows me to apply a difference-in-differences approach within an intention-to-treat framework, comparing several weight outcomes of residential children to children living further away before and after park opening. I use new administrative data on the Berlin district level from mandatory school entrance examinations and provide robust evidence of a lower probability by 4.3% points for treated children to be overweight (BMI>90 P.), driven entirely by girls, mainly by children from foreign cultural backgrounds and children with less childcare exposure. My results are robust to corrective methods of inference, including synthetic controls, and may open a new perspective for obesity policy action and prevention.

Making Water Pivotal in the Design of Food Systems

Water plays a crucial role in our food systems and food security. However, the essential role of water for a functioning food system and the impacts of food systems on water availability and quality have not yet been adequately recognized. Due to a lack of coordination among water and food systems actors, there are siloed water, food security, and nutrition strategies. This paper presents the case to make water pivotal in designing food systems, laying out action perspectives for different actors to move toward what we call “water-responsible food systems”. This paper is based on input from many participants during workshops and existing literature. A food systems approach provides an excellent entry point to link food with water considering climate change and energy. Moreover, collective and cross-cutting actions between actors in food systems are essential to make decisive progress, as well as a common language and insight into the trade-offs of the multiple values of water for a clear prioritization of water use and allocation.

Understanding Integrated Community Case Management Institutionalization Processes Within National Health Systems in Malawi, Mali, and Rwanda: A Qualitative Study.

Since 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have recommended integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) of childhood illnesses as an intervention delivered by community health workers (CHWs) in areas with limited access to health facilities to increase access to lifesaving interventions for children younger than 5 years with malaria, pneumonia, or diarrhea. In recent years, the importance of institutionalizing iCCM and community health more broadly within national health systems has become increasingly recognized. This qualitative study sought to identify and describe processes of iCCM institutionalization from the perspectives of health system actors. A total of 51 semistructured interviews were conducted with purposefully selected key informants in 3 countries: Malawi, Mali, and Rwanda. Thematic analysis of coded interview data was conducted, and country documentation was reviewed to provide contextual background for qualitative interpretation. The study was informed by a newly developed iCCM Institutionalization Framework, which conceptualizes the process of institutionalization through a maturity model of phases (i.e., awareness, experimentation, expansion, consolidation, and maturity) with 4 drivers: core values, leadership, resources, and policy. According to key informant narrative descriptions, processes of iCCM institutionalization reflected a progression of maturity phases, which were iterative rather than linear in progression. All 4 drivers of institutionalization as conceptualized within the iCCM Institutionalization Framework were described by key informants as contributing to the advancement of iCCM institutionalization within their countries. Key informants emphasized the need to continually strengthen or reinforce iCCM institutionalization for it to be sustained within the context of wider health system dynamics. Overall, key informants viewed government ownership and integration within national systems to define the status of iCCM institutionalization. Further development of the iCCM Institutionalization Framework and other practical sensemaking models could assist health system actors in advancing institutionalization of iCCM and other health interventions.

New industrial path development in “less glamorized regions”: actors, agencies, and rural opportunities

Abstract This article analyses the case of the wine industry in rural Nova Scotia (Canada) and addresses the following question: what sparks a new wine industry path in rural regions that lack supportive preconditions and local assets? We examine this from the perspective of different actors and their agencies when creating the conditions and structures for shaping new path development. Our findings provide a novel, empirically based understanding of individual and system-level agency and a nuanced account of new industrial path development in rural regions, which is often missing in contemporary debates.

Конвергенція глобалізації правового простору та кіберзлочинності

Abstract. The article analyzes the manifestations, spread and role of cybercrime in modern globalized society. The globalization of the world is considered as a result of the development of information technologies, especially when using cyberspace as an electronic communication medium for the dissemination of information around the world. It is reasoned that technical progress, which is the result of human activity and culture, in addition to a positive impact, in the sense that it is used for the benefit of humanity, also has a negative impact on human development and civilization, namely the preservation of the weak sides of socio-legal communication (vulnerabilities), which are definitely very dangerous. Globalization of the legal space due to the development of technologies has brought many positives in the realization of rights and legitimate interests by citizens. Among the negative manifestations is the threat of the appearance and significant spread of crime in the virtual, which has become a reality of the world community, known as cybercrime. The convergence of the globalization of the legal space and cybercrime indicates the need to develop unified legal standards to effectively combat cybercrime on a global scale. As cybercrime knows no geographical boundaries, national legal systems are often unable to cope with the new challenges emerging in cyberspace. Globalization requires the harmonization of the legislation of different countries, as well as international cooperation to create a common basis for countering cybercrime. This will help not only to ensure legal protection at the global level, but also to strengthen the coordination of efforts between states in this area. In the conclusion, the author notes that conceptualizing cybercrime is a difficult task, as the rapid development of technologies such as artificial intelligence introduces new challenges to the field of cyber security and law enforcement. A single and coherent classification system is needed that takes into account all aspects of these crimes and their impact on society. The development of such approaches must be based on interdisciplinary collaboration and take into account the different perspectives of actors, from policymakers to academics and law enforcement agencies, to achieve an effective response to cybercrime. Keywords: globalization; crime; virtual space; cybercrime; global problems; legal regulation; national law.

Divergence over solutions to adapt or transform Australia’s Great Barrier Reef

There is increasing agreement among Australian policymakers and stakeholders that climate change is the biggest problem facing the Great Barrier Reef. However, little is known about whether this convergence shapes perspectives on solutions. To understand different actor perspectives on climate solutions for the Great Barrier Reef, we applied a ‘problem-solution’ framework employing Q-methodology to guide in-depth interviews with engaged actors. We found that despite growing convergence over the problem, significant divergence over the solutions remains. We identified six generalised perspectives on climate solutions ranging from technology-led adaptation at one end of the spectrum to radical climate transitions at the other. We found that support for market-led, regionally-led, and radical climate transitions represents a new shift toward transformational policy solutions beyond the conventional bounds of GBR governance. However, the multiple divergent perspectives suggest that more reflexive learning is required to effectively govern this critical ecosystem into the future.

Implementation of citizenship education policies in a Chilean secondary school: The role of new leaders

This study explored the relationship between school leadership and the implementation of citizenship education (CE) in a Chilean public secondary school, in the context of different reforms in this area, which generate contradictions around the type of curriculum to be implemented, ranging from minimalist versions focused on civic education, to maximalist versions focused on active and critical citizenship. Among them, Law 20.911 (2016) stands out, which establishes that each school must have a citizenship education plan. A case study is presented in a borough where the local policy (municipality) incorporated leaderships that work full time to coordinate and implement CE in each of the schools of the borough, a novel initiative in the national context. An institutional ethnography was developed, which examines the relationship between what is institutionally defined at different levels and its implementation, exploring how CE operates from the perspective of the different actors and recognizing their power to translate policy into action. Institutional documents were reviewed, interviews were conducted with educational actors and classes and other formative instances were observed during a school year. The results show the challenges that leaders must face: the articulation between the municipal and school levels for the implementation of CE; the tension between accountability and the focus on the pedagogical meaning of CE; the reconciliation of different notions about CE within the school; and difficulties to involve the teaching staff in the implementation of CE, and to articulate CE with other school subjects, incorporating it into the curriculum.

Socio-technical challenges and prospects of residential solar PV diffusion in Ghana: Insights from regime and intermediary actors

This study seeks to broaden the understanding of factors influencing the diffusion of residential solar PV in Ghana by examining the socio-technical challenges confronting this sector from the perspective of regime and intermediary actors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with focal persons at the Energy Commission, Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority (LUSPA), 18 licensed solar home system (SHS) companies, and 15 real estate developers in Accra. The study uncovers compliance and mediation-based interactions between the intermediary and regime actors. Significant regime support for residential solar PV exists through incentives such as capital subsidies, net-metering schemes, and partnerships with financial institutions to provide soft loans for residential solar investments. Nonetheless, policy-regulation incoherence, a sectoral dichotomy between energy and urban planning, fragmented institutional efforts, inadequate access to long-term finance, and limited awareness/technical know-how of SHS emerged as the key challenges to residential solar PV diffusion in Ghana. Resolving these challenges requires synergies between the regime and intermediary actors to enact conducive regulatory frameworks and coordinate the activities of all actors to facilitate residential solar PV uptake in Ghana. The study also posits that the transition from a fossil-dependent regime to a low-carbon one not only requires a re-direction of financial incentives to technological niches but also to user-based intermediaries.

A resilience-oriented approach to integrated energy management systems: Addressing energy conversion unit unavailability and cost efficiency

As integrated energy systems become increasingly complex, their vulnerability to energy conversion units unavailability poses a considerable threat to system resilience and cost efficiency. This research is motivated by the need to address the growing threat of energy conversion unit unavailability and its significant impact on both system performance and operational costs. The development of a comprehensive vulnerability assessment framework, coupled with the integration of machine learning techniques, is hypothesized to significantly enhance the resilience and cost-efficiency of integrated energy management systems when faced with various unavailability scenarios. A novel methodology is introduced to enhance integrated energy management systems, focusing on the critical role of diverse energy conversion units. The methodology includes a new vulnerability index to quantify the impact of energy conversion unit unavailability on system performance, alongside an energy conversion unavailability attack model from the malicious actor perspective. Results indicate that under worst-case energy conversion unavailability attack scenarios, integrated energy systems operational costs can increase by up to 26.19%. The proposed solution, incorporating a Deep Q-Network into the integrated energy management system, achieves an 85.24% F1-score and a 96.68% reduction in additional costs associated with energy conversion unavailability attacks. This research demonstrates the varied impacts of different energy conversion units on integrated energy systems and proposes an enhanced integrated energy management system framework that improves system resilience and cost efficiency.

O planejamento territorial no estado da Bahia pela perspectiva dos atores do território

Bahia is recognized by its territorial development policy, called Territories of Identity (TI). Thus, the objective of this study is to highlight the relevance and effects of this policy from the perspective of local actors. The theoretical framework is based on the Actor-Oriented Perspective, using data collection and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the territorial policy is valued for promoting the multidimensional development of rural Bahia, strengthening social empowerment through participatory governance. Its institutional arrangement was successful in building social cohesion, political will and integrating territorial planning with the state's Multi-Year Plan, Public Consortia and actions of the Regional Action and Development Company. However, the policy faces challenges, especially regarding the consideration of the heterogeneity of territories and power struggles in social arenas, leading to unequal effects among TIs.

No one-size-fits-all: Multi-actor perspectives on public participation and digital participatory platforms.

This paper explores the perspectives of different urban actors regarding public participation in the context of the increasing incorporation of digital technologies and urban platforms. The study is based on three workshops with local governance actors, six semi-structured interviews with academics in the fields of public participation and digital technologies and a citizen survey with 260 respondents. The results provide multi-perspective insights into the challenges of participatory processes and are synthesized into three contributions: (i) guidelines for effective public participation, including factors that encourage or discourage citizen engagement; (ii) guidelines for designing participatory platforms, highlighting specific features that promote digital engagement (i.e. social media, gamification and user-friendly interfaces), and (iii) a typology of digital participation platforms to connect the diverse needs of actor groups with the various possibilities provided by new technologies. The guidelines provide concrete recommendations to support both urban practitioners and interface designers in designing participatory strategies and platforms, respectively. Recognizing that there is no-one-size-fits-all platform, the typology provides a framework for the assessment and further development of digital platforms for public participation.This article is part of the theme issue 'Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance'.

Health Promotion Activity in the Community -- Scoping Reviewed

Health promotion is a multidisciplinary field that aims to improve the health and well-being of people not only by treating diseases, but also by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing diseases, and addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that affect health. However, the meaning may vary according to the perspective of different actors and professionals. Scoping review, using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online – US National Library of Medicine’s, for the articles that were published between January 1, 2018 and September 1, 2023, following the analysis procedures: title, summary reading, and total readership. The most mentioned activity in the 24 articles is health promotion associated with prevention in the community, with the home being the most referenced context. Based on Joanna Briggs’ Hierarchy of Evidence model, Institute, Redenç ao, indicates 5 levels of studies, namely: experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, observational analytical studies, observational descriptive studies, and expert opinion. Therefore, the scope consisted of 24 articles from States United States, Brazil, Australia, South Asia, South Africa, Indonesia, Thailand, Newfoundland, Iran, Japan, South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Norway. The activity carried out by nursing at home focuses on individualized care and disease monitoring. Keywords: nursing, community health nursing, health promotion, primary prevention

Career success and geographical location: A systematic review and future research agenda

AbstractGeographical location sets the broad scene for people's access to knowledge and resources that are critical for career progression. Acknowledging the importance of location and following calls for a contextualized approach to career studies, an increasing body of literature on career success has incorporated geographical considerations over the past decades. However, this literature remains fragmented across disciplines, and a comprehensive understanding of how location influences individual success is lacking. This gap limits researchers’ ability to explain, predict and interpret the role of geographical location in career success. This gap also impedes a clear understanding of multi‐level influences that shape career outcomes, as location is a critical aspect of the macro context. We conducted a systematic review of 99 empirical studies published from 1970 to 2024, using a multi‐disciplinary, multi‐method and multi‐faceted approach. We developed an integrative model that illuminates how factors embedded in geographical context affect multiple aspects of career success through imprinting, (de)mobilizing and contingency mechanisms. Our review advances knowledge of career success from proximal to distal contexts and offers a shifting perspective of city and national career actors. In addition, it extends several streams of theory and scholarship by revealing the cross‐level effects on individual outcomes. We propose a future research agenda and provide suggestions for general career actors, companies and policymakers.

‘In a village, everybody knows the stranger’: Constructing local belonging of refugees in rural areas in Germany

AbstractThis article explores the local belonging of refugees in rural areas in Germany from the perspectives of both migrants and local integration actors. It analyses the development of a personal sense of belonging and the construction of the politics of belonging, with the aim of understanding belonging as a socio‐spatial process. The analysis is based on 64 semi‐structured and semi‐narrative qualitative interviews conducted in eight rural communities and small towns in different regions across Germany. The findings indicate that the sense of belonging to rural localities among refugees is influenced not only by personal and biographical experiences but also by overarching policies and administrative practices. They also reflect the expectations of the receiving communities, which imply imaginaries of rural communities. In addition to convivial everyday experiences, the demarcation of boundaries in everyday life appears to be particularly powerful for a sense of belonging.

Comparison and community engagement: post-politics meets post-colony and state entrepreneurialism. Introduction to the special feature

Rapid urban growth and ubiquitous experiences of extending and dispersed urban forms give rise to new territories of urban politics, including large-scale developments which have significant impacts on communities. Given the commitment that many urban scholars have to community based and social justice-oriented research, the possibility to build understandings of these developments from the perspective of community-based actors is a high priority. But comparative analysis and theory-building across diverse community experiences presents methodological and analytical challenges. This introduction presents a collection of papers which initiated comparative analyses of community engagements in large-scale urban developments on three grounds. Firstly, allowing understandings from one urban context to ‘speak’ to another in an open comparative strategy provided a framework for activist and practitioner-led analysis including direct learning between practitioners. Secondly, new trajectories of reading literature from each context into the others disrupted the hegemony of northern theoretical approaches. And, thirdly, collaborative comparative empirical analyses of community engagement in large-scale urban developments extended the range of more formal insights on urban governance and community-based politics across three diverse contexts. Notably, papers in this collection emphasize consensus-building and collaboration alongside negotiation and contestation, all expanding community-based ‘voice’ and presence within urban politics.

Understanding of the Transformational Rural Actors’ Behaviors: A Review

Rural actors’ behavior is crucial to materializing top-down rural development policies, albeit the rural physical planning. However, studies on detailed perspectives of rural actors’ behavior in response to complex stimuli are limited, particularly in the types of transformational rural actors’ behaviors. Specifically, this study aims to understand rural actors’ behaviors in transforming rural development. The systematic literature review methodology was applied. The findings revealed five themes: economy, environment, psychology, social, and technology—as the stimuli perspectives of transformational rural actors’ behaviors (TRAB) that shed light on rural transformation. This study contributes to synthesizing a new framework for conceptualizing transformational actors’ behaviors in rural development initiatives.

Family First: An Integrative Conceptual Review of Nepotism in Organizations

ABSTRACTWorkplace nepotism, the preferential treatment based on kinship or familial ties, is a pervasive phenomenon that permeates every corner of our global workforce, transcending cultures, countries, industries, and organizations. Despite its ubiquitous presence, research on nepotism remains fragmented and scattered, with diverse disciplines seldom converging or cross‐referencing one another. In this integrative review, we synthesize, integrate, and critically assess the extant body of knowledge about workplace nepotism. Our aim is to provide HR scholars with a panoramic view of the known, the unknown, and the uncharted territories to move the field forward. To this end, we first provide a clear conceptualization of nepotism, setting it apart from closely related constructs. Second, we offer a comprehensive review of empirical evidence that summarizes the antecedents, consequences, and theoretical foundations of nepotism. Importantly, our review adopts an actor‐centric perspective, advocating that three main sets of actors are meaningfully involved in nepotism (i.e., instigators, beneficiaries, and third parties), thereby contributing to theory by showing that nepotism may differentially relate to outcomes depending on which actor's perspective is taken. Third, we identify the shortcomings related to theory, methods, and measures, while identifying best practices. In particular, we offer insights into how future scholarship may meaningfully extend this literature. Finally, we provide evidence‐based guidelines for how organizations and their leaders may develop and refine their policies regarding the hiring, promotion, evaluation, and compensation of family members and relatives.