Neoliberal Perspective Research Articles

Shaping tomorrow's managers: The influence of university education on economics students' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility and labor unions

AbstractUniversity education significantly shapes individual values and views, influencing future managers' approaches to CSR and labor relations. This study, employing a survey and experimental vignette methodology, examines the impact of university education on economics students' attitudes toward CSR and organized labor. Our results indicate that while overall attitudes toward CSR remained stable, students showed a slight shift toward profit orientation when faced with real‐life managerial scenarios. There was also a decline in support for labor unions over the academic year, possibly due to neoliberal perspectives in teaching. A key finding is the emergence of a profit‐oriented mindset among economics students, reflecting broader managerial considerations. The study underscores the importance of examining how theoretical knowledge translates into practical decision‐making contexts and suggests the need for a nuanced understanding of CSR and labor union attitudes among economics students, thereby contributing to the discussion on higher education's role in shaping future business leaders.

“Un país para volver”: análisis narrativo del Plan de retorno a España

A growing number of governments are introducing initiatives explicitly aimed at stimulating the returnof their emigrants. In Spain, the state launched its first policy for return, the “Plan of Return to Spain”, in 2019. Taking this plan as a case study, the article examines the Spanish policy for return and places it in a broader context, both political and historical, in order to understand the limits and biases of this measure in the face of the diverse profiles of Spanish emigrants. Adopting the narrative policy framework as a theoretical-analytical perspective and content analysis as a methodological tool, the authors of this paper identify that, through the new narrative strategy, a paradigmatic change has been produced in Spain in the way of understanding, from the public sphere, the return of Spanish citizens living abroad.Instead of an assistance-based approach, a neoliberal (instrumental and utilitarian) perspective has been adopted, maintaining, however, a conception of “the return to the country of origin” that is closerto the predominant migratory theories of the 20th century rather than to contemporary social-scientific notions. A tension between the policy narratives of Spain and the European Union in relation to Intra-European mobility, and a gap between the state view and the current migratory realities concerning return in contexts of great economic and labor uncertainty, have also been recognized.

Politicizing, policizing and beyond neoliberalism: Understanding Chinese city branding from the case of Chongqing

This study seeks to explain the Chinese conception of city branding. Given the intricate and multidisciplinary nature of city branding, the article aims to address a gap in the literature and provide a direction to a deeper understanding of city branding from the Chinese socialism context. Taking a case study approach, the article analyses a significant body of discussion resulting from in-depth interviews with branding experts and government officials in Chongqing, the case study city. The analysis focuses on the role of the government and reveals that city branding in China is influenced, and largely controlled, by the national government. The discussion of the agents of Chinese city branding, city branding as a government tool, and the tendency towards policization, which means that city branding is implemented as part of urban policy, contributes to the theoretical growth of current city branding beyond a neoliberal perspective.

The conundrum between the neoliberal rationality and the contemporary environmental crisis: Fluctuations through uncertain times

The current investigation deals with the scope of the contemporary environmental crisis and its relationship with the neoliberal rationality. In this sense, the issue of such research comes up from the following questions: What is the future prognosis in the relationship between neoliberal rationality and the environmental crisis? What are the challenges to be faced and what measures and/or political-legal instruments should be proposed in an attempt to guarantee human dignity, environmental protection, economic growth and sustainability? The research’s goals are can be summarized in the following premises: conceptualizing and contextualizing neoliberalism in contemporary society from the micro level – as the subject and the society – to macro levels – States; clarify future prognoses with neoliberal perspectives within the wake of new technologies as well as the transhumanism movements; comprehending the contemporary environmental crisis as a political phenomenon. The methodology applied in this research observers the hypothetical-deductive method. It’s been observed that the neoliberalism paradigm abruptly intensifies environmental problems and it is necessary to find new ways and possible solutions to protect human and environmental rights.

Performance management in the Australian higher education system – A historically informed critique

This article aims to provide a historical perspective of neoliberalism and new public management practices in the Australian higher education system from the early 1980s to contemporary times. Drawing on historical and contemporary data sets and research articles, it evaluates historical changes in control systems and metrics applied to university teaching and research. From an audit culture framework, it examines the emerging rationales driving financially focused university governance. Organisational and individual audits of performance have become standard practice, couched in the conventional language of transparency, performance and accountability. Accounting-based performance measurement, control and audit are found to dominate university operations, fostering mass delivery of education, research outputs and knowledge commercialisation. Neoliberal performance management is shown to have dramatically altered accounting models and changed internal power relations, transforming university identities and roles into a commercialised corporate model pursuing a self-interested financial bottom line aided by a private sector performance control orientation.

Collapse in the foundations of the curricular development process for brazilian basic education

This text presents analyzes of the ideological discourse that fueled the collapse in the intentionality of selection and distribution of knowledge considered valid. Specifically, problematizing as curricular documents proposed after the reform of the curriculum in the 1990s, they presented, discursively, questions related to knowledge. It is assumed that the links established with the market, from the neoliberal perspective, caused a collapse in the fundamentals of curriculum development, directly affecting the process of construction of the curriculum and/or curriculum documents. In this context, it is relevant to present the analyzes arising from the questioning of Curricular Documents, as practice of distinct and multireferenced meanings, conceived from a process that admits a logic of deconstruction of the discourses. In conclusion, the collapse did not occur in the context of curricular development, but of its "new" constitutive foundations.

THE REFLECTION OF PARTY POLITICS IN THE FORMULATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICIES - THE REALITY OF CUIABÁ - MT

The article on screen is about the Reflection of Party Politics in the Formulation of Public Health Policies based on the reality of Cuiabá-MT, as a result of a process of precariousness in the provision of public health care, both in economic and subjective aspects, in neoliberal societies. Neoliberalism refers to a political and economic conception doctrinally situated in the idea of ​​market deregulation, commercial and, in particular, financial opening, in addition to the reorganization of the role of the State, which abandons the role of promoting social well-being and makes a commitment to maintaining the market and competition. The article aims to highlight the influence of party politics as an action that seeks to combat any and all types of serious public policy, since party politics erodes the democratic aspect of access to social rights, among which health is found. inserted. Methodologically, this is a bibliographical research whose theoretical basis focuses on authors who study the topic. The research points out that party politics, through capitalism, by appropriating neoliberal premises characterized by the predominance of financial interests, the deregulation of markets, the privatization of state-owned companies, and the abandonment of the welfare state intensifies inequality. between people, directly affecting public health policies. From a neoliberal perspective, it is clear that inequality is the stimulant that makes the most talented rise and stand out, thus “helping” the general progress of society, as can be seen in the scenario presented by the process taken over by party politics in the Brazil and in Cuiabá -MT in the public health scenario.

From Patronage to Commodification: The Urban Policies of the True Path Party in The Neoliberal Era

In the study, the urban policies of the centre-right in the struggle to establish neoliberal hegemony in Turkey, which became clear in the 1980s, were examined by focusing on the True Path Party (TPP). Thus, it is aimed to reveal the change in the urban policies of the Party in the neoliberal process. In order to achieve the stated purpose, historical comparative research method was used in the study. It is thought that a comparative examination of the period from the establishment of the Party to Demirel's Presidency and the period when Çiller was Chairman of the Party can reveal the discontinuities, dilemmas and continuities experienced between the two periods in the Party's land policies, depending on the neoliberal perspective. It has been concluded that in the Party's discourses about the city in the period until Demirel's Presidency, it highlighted the patronage-based populist policies that were widely implemented during the Justice Party period, rather than the commodification process implemented by Motherland Party. During the Çiller period, TPP's urban policies went hand in hand with capital accumulation based on marketization and were based on the exploitation of non-commodified urban spaces, similar to the Özal period. However, while Özal was able to gain the consent of both the urban poor and the capital for a long time in sharing urban rent with the policies he implemented, Çiller could not achieve the balance between these two interest groups competing on urban land with the new property and zoning regulations she implemented. Thus, Çiller broke the Party away from Demirel's discourse, which made abundant references to welfare policies, and this caused the support of the urban poor, whose importance was increasingly increasing in the transforming social structure of the country, to shift towards new political movements. As a matter of fact, the Party lost the support of the most urban voters among its voter base and could not win any metropolitan municipality in the 1999 local elections.

Early childhood promotion policy, from a neoliberal perspective, and its impact on child labor

Resumo: O artigo trata sobre os direitos da criança e do adolescente, e parte da questão: a política pública de primeira infância, no Brasil, contribui para o combate ao trabalho infantil? O objetivo é refletir sobre a política pública de primeira infância e o seu impacto no trabalho infantil. Utilizou-se na abordagem do método dialético, e o principal resultado é no sentido de que a atual política de primeira infância fragiliza a atuação do Estado e o combate ao trabalho infantil.

Rationale for Communitarian ‘Common Good’ as the Aim of Education against Neoliberal Perspective for ‘Economic Growth’

Rationale for Communitarian ‘Common Good’ as the Aim of Education against Neoliberal Perspective for ‘Economic Growth’

Nurses Supporting Harm Reduction: How Take-Home Naloxone is Conceived in the Context of Neoliberalism

Introduction – Individuals must be personally invested in their own recovery journey; however, the neoliberal perspective absolves the state of responsibility of this work and makes promotion of health merely an individual action. Naloxone distribution, as a harm reduction strategy, is presented herein as one practice engaged by nurses that demonstrates philosophical tension between neoliberalism and harm reduction.
 Background Literature – The research literature supporting the provision of take-home naloxone (THN), non-medically administered, is significant and broad.
 Discussion – The problem with neoliberal discourses of constrained healthcare resources in this case is that without broad availability of naloxone, drug poisonings will continue unchecked. There is an ethical call to nurses to support broad distribution of naloxone regardless of the costs involved.
 Conclusion – THN is not only a best practice to reduce the harms of substance use, but it is also a political and philosophical act to hand over the control of public health resources to the public.

A QUICK GLANCE: THE UGLY TRUTH OF RADIO MIGRATION IN MALAYSIA

With the advent of television, radio lost its dominant position in many countries due to globalisation and convergence, leading to the rise of digitalisation. However, digitalisation has overshadowed traditional analogue technology. Instead of coexisting, analogue and digital technologies are now in direct competition, with digital alternatives such as podcasts and online radio posing significant challenges to analogue technology. As a result, the radio industry is currently facing severe problems to stay relevant. We conducted a study examining political economy influencing radio migration in Malaysia along with its relationship to government actions and plans. Our research reveals that the political economy perspective strongly impacts radio migration in the country. To ensure a successful radio migration, we propose the implementation of a neo-liberal perspective within Malaysia's broadcasting sector.

Transformative Praxis

Drawing on transformative, critical, and culturally responsive and sustaining traditions of pedagogy and instructional design, we present a technology-focused framework for decentering normative forces along the lines of race, ethnicity, class, language, religion, ability, sex, and gender in online higher education learning spaces that honors each participant for who they are with respect to their identity markers and their intersectional community memberships to promote inclusion and belonging. These normative forces—which simultaneously crowd out and make hypervisible diverse identities—predispose the ends and processes of teaching and learning and structure the nature of academic disciplines. This is particularly apparent online where engagement is decoupled from traditional anchors of relationships and influenced by difference-blind neoliberal perspectives. In response, we provide a framework for inclusion and belonging along two vectors. The first vector is a critical design process inspired by backward design principles: inquiring, translating, activating, and reflecting. The second is a set of inclusive considerations grounded in culturally relevant and responsive pedagogy and the Universal Design for Learning framework: asset-based frames, authentic multiple modes, and mixed mirrors and windows. This process includes an opportunity to interrogate the role of technology as a mediator of learning and teaching for belonging. We further assert that the instructor also needs to engage in identity work to interrogate their positionality in online environments with respect to not only observable and cultural identity markers but also academic disciplinary identity. To illustrate our framework, we provide reflections on the design and enactment of online and technology-rich activity structures that promote inclusion and belonging.

The Status and Prospects of Informal Employment Development in China in the Post-Pandemic Era Based on the Perspective of Bourdieu's Theory of Practice

With the rapid development of Chinas market economy and urbanization, Chinas informal economy has also developed rapidly, and the number of people in informal employment has been increasing. Academics often hold a dualistic perspective on the emergence of informal employment, and in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, neo-Marxist and neo-liberal perspectives emerged. These theories are of some significance in understanding the rise of informal employment in China, but they are not sufficiently comprehensive and detailed, and are difficult to provide a more accurate theoretical basis for decision-making. This paper explores Bourdieus theory of practice and recognizes that the informal employment population includes both rural-to-urban and urban-to-urban categories, the latter being more complex. In the post-pandemic era, faced with the background of boosting employment, promoting consumption and restoring the economy, how to guide the informal economy to high-quality development has become an issue that policymakers must consider.

On the trace of the 2014 FIFA World Cup: critical reflections on the production of urban space in Itaquera, São Paulo, SP

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil gave rise to a series of studies on the production of space and tourism and the participation of mega-events in urban planning. The planning of the space aimed at hosting the FIFA World Cup reoriented the social practice of the host cities and deepened the existing segregations. This work aims to analyze the process of production of urban space as a result of mega-events based on the case study of the neighborhood of Itaquera, São Paulo, based on a critical perspective and considering the demands of the population. From the neoliberal perspective of strategic planning applied in cities, we seek to understand the production of space in the host city, from the point of view of public decisions and also from the perception of the local population. For this, interviews were conducted with residents of Itaquera. When reflecting on Itaquera, we identify that a new centrality is established, which helps us to understand the ongoing processes of space production in the region. Although part of the urban transformations took place during the city's preparation period for the mega-event, the criticism presented in this work rests on a modus operandi according to which the collective production of a fairer and more accessible space for the population effectively did not come true.

Gendered experiences during COVID-19 in Turkey and the meaning of home

This work aims to uncover the changing meaning of home by focusing on gender-based experiences of staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. The findings show that the meaning of home is not straightforward and, depending on one’s gender-based experiences and diverse experiences of staying at home arise. In this work, Doreen Massey’s (1994) joint conceptualisations of spatiality and identity for understanding space and place in general and home in particular not as an absolute but as a relational place, together with Iris Marion Young’s (2005) conceptualisation of homemaking provide the theoretical context for linking the stay-at-home experiences of the participants with the meaning of home during the COVID-19 pandemic from a gender perspective. Furthermore, gender-based experiences of staying at home during the COVID-19 in Turkey are meaningful in the context of the discourses and social policy interventions of the existing government producing the social organization of space from an anti-gender and a conservative neo-liberal perspective. This work is based on online qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with 32 self-identified female participants. Interview data were interpreted using the three thematic categories of ‘home as a dwelling,’ ‘home as a burden,’ ‘home as a place for preservation. The findings support the existing research on the gender-specific organisation of care work and time usage and further contribute to the field by demonstrating that home was a gendered space sustained through mutual relations between gender practices and spatial practices before and during the pandemic.

Parents’ Attitude towards Community Schools and its Influence in the Choice of Schools for Their Children

This study has explored parents’ attitude towards community schools and its influence in the choice of schools for their children. Selection of school is directly associated with quality education and academic excellence of children that ultimately affect their future careers. Privatisation in education has provided options for parents to select either community or private schools for their children. This study analysed and interpreted data from a neoliberal perspective employing a qualitative research design. The data were collected through interviews and observations from two community and two private schools representatively. Ten parents, who were selected purposively from those four schools and four headteachers of those schools were the participants of this study. The study found that parents generally had negative attitude towards community schools, but some of the community schools had been able to change the attitude of parents towards community schools. The effect of the neoliberal culture could be seen among the parents which played a significant role in parents' decision of choosing schools to enroll their children. Hence, the study concluded that parents’ negative attitude towards community schools have affected the selection of schools for their children in Nepal.

PSYCHIC SUFFERING IN GRADUATE STUDENTS: reflections on the impacts of neoliberalism

This essay study discusses psychic suffering in graduate students linked to the neoliberal perspective. In this way, it is pointed out that the neoliberal logic enters the university without much effort, given that higher education institutions are not separated from society. As a result, the medicalization of life is present as the “success/failure” dynamic is individualized, so that psychic disorders appear as products of the subject's sole responsibility. In adherence to the use of psychiatric medications, it was possible to identify other paths taken by students regarding mental health care, for example: participation in therapeutic groups. Finally, the need to develop more studies on the subject is highlighted, considering that most of the works found are intended to replicate the neoliberal discourse.

Pending Accession to the Palermo Protocol: The Case of Bangladesh

The People’s Republic of Bangladesh is a Muslim-majority country that has long struggled with human trafficking, and even though Bangladesh is the first largest provider country in human trafficking, especially for sex trafficking, this country needs sixteen years to accede and become part of the Palermo Protocol, which aims to criminalize and punish human trafficking, particularly for women and children. The authors aim to answer why Bangladesh takes so long to access the Palermo Protocol. This study intends to determine the reasons behind Bangladesh’s actions using qualitative-explanatory research, employing the International Regime Theory and the Cost of Sovereignty Theory viewed from a neoliberal perspective. This study uncovered that the reason for Bangladesh acceding to the Palermo Protocol in 2019 was due to three factors: (1) a spike in cases in 2016-2019, (2) Bangladesh’s readiness to fulfill the sovereignty cost of the Palermo Protocol complete in 2019, and (3) Bangladesh’s desire to access advantages under the Palermo Protocol that can help the country to combat the activities of cross-border criminal organizations that perpetuate sex trafficking.

Prospects for applying a theory of change model to the use of research evidence in autism education

Educators and educational researchers show continued interest in how schools can best make use of research evidence in bringing about change in practice in schools. A number of models have been developed to support schools in this challenge, such as research learning communities and lesson study. However, questions remain about the effectiveness of such models, their fit to the particular needs of schools and the extent to which they contribute meaningfully to the body of evidence used to inform changes to practice within the field of education. This issue is of particular relevance when considering the inclusion of autistic children in the classroom partly because of the large body of research being undertaken on autism across a range of domains with varying epistemological perspectives (e.g., neuroscience, psychology, pedagogy) and partly due to the widespread need to support autistic children in the classroom. Questions have also been raised about the evidence policy “agenda,” particularly in terms of reliance on positivist models centered on randomized controlled trials. These concerns focus on the extent to which performative or neoliberal perspectives on effectiveness might mask the complexity of how practice and knowledge (or evidence) are related in models of teacher professional working. One particular approach that could have potential in addressing these is that of Theory of Change (ToC). ToC models come from the field of theory-driven evaluation and draw on frameworks for relating practice to knowledge such as realist evaluations whereby the evaluation focuses on understanding how complex programs work in specific contexts by examining the mechanisms that lead to particular outcomes. ToC models consider under what conditions, for whom, and for what reasons or aims a given activity will achieve its intended outcomes. This paper considers the scope for the application of ToC models by reviewing a selected case from a completed study on the implementation of models for developing evidence informed practice in schools for autism education. By applying a ToC lens to what did happen in this case, we will “re-imagine” this case from a ToC perspective. This approach will serve to illustrate the possibilities for how ToC models could be used in future practice to advance evidence-informed practice in autism education.