Economic Perspective Research Articles

A Novel Arithmetic Optimization Technique for Electric Vehicle Charging

With the increased usage of Electric vehicles in recent days, the optimal usage of battery both in terms of electrical and economic perspective is very important. Though several battery optimization techniques are evolving day by day, the method to achieve an efficient control of all parameters like battery current, power and power loss has not yet been achieved. This paper proposes a novel approach of implementing an arithmetic optimization scheme for FTP 75 drive cycle source. In this connect, the details of the arithmetic operators are discussed and their relations with electrical parameters are framed from the fundamental equations. A Pseudo-code has been developed and implemented for identifying the optimum charging point from different search spaces. The simulation results obtained for different electrical parameters with respect to different arithmetic operators, emphasizes the enhanced operation of electric vehicles at optimum charging points.

Sustainable Combination of Waste with Waste: Utilization of Biomass to Recover Critical Metals from Spent Lithium ion Batteries

The generation of e‐waste from lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is rapidly increasing due to the rising utilization of LIBs in portable electronics, and electric vehicles, with an average life span of 3‐5 years. The disposal of spent LIBs is a major environmental concern due to the presence of high percentages of toxic heavy metals and corrosive electrolytes. Efficient and sustainable recycling of spent LIBs has become immensely important, both environmentally and from a circular economy perspective, as LIBs serve as secondary sources of critical metals needed for renewable energy conversion and storage systems. We provide a concise review of metal recovery from spent LIBs using waste biomass in a green and sustainable approach for resource generation, in addition to the valorization of waste biomass. Biomass is used to recover metals from spent LIBs, acting as lixivient, reductant, and as absorbent. We have also discussed a reverse strategy utilizing ‘black mass’ from spent LIBs as catalyst for biomass conversion to value‐added products. The concept of “circular economy” is highlighted in a “killing two birds with one stone” approach through the utilization of biomass for the recovery of metals from spent LIBs and vice versa.

Synergistic Impact of Magnets and Fins in Solar Desalination: Energetic, Exergetic, Economic, and Environmental Analysis

This study investigates the effectiveness of combining magnets with parabolic and truncated fins in enhancing the distillation process of solar stills. The integration of magnets accelerated evaporation rates, while the fins increased the heat absorption area, resulting in improved output, vis-à-vis traditional solar stills. A comparative assessment revealed that the parabolic fin solar still (PFS) with magnets outperformed the truncated fin solar still (TCFS), producing 20%, 15%, and 16% more distillate at three different depths (1, 2, and 3 cm). The superior performance of the PFS is attributed to the magnetism of the water and the fins’ more extensive surface area for heat absorption. Efficiency measurements at a water depth of 1 cm showed that the PFS achieved the maximum energy and exergy efficiencies at 30.49% and 8.85%, respectively, compared with TCFS’s 25.23% and 6.22%. Economically, the PFS setup proved more feasible, with a 20.9% lower cost per liter of distilled water than TCFS. Additionally, the environmental impact assessment indicated a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, potentially generating revenues of approximately USD 1242.32 through carbon credits. These results reflect a considerable margin to enhance the efficiency of solar desalination through well-planned adjustments, which bodes well for the future of optimized solar distillation systems from an economic and environmental perspective.

The Evolution of Consumption in the Digital Era: An Islamic Economic Perspective from Traditional Markets to Modern Markets

Economic growth in various sectors, such as industry, production, and modern markets, has undergone changes as a result of advanced economic growth, particularly in large cities. Conversely, the shift from traditional lifestyles to modern lifestyles has led to changes in consumer spending patterns. The goal of this study is to determine the impact of modern market development on people's economies and lifestyles. The second factor that most influences consumers' decisions to shop at modern markets rather than traditional markets is the factor that most affects their decision to shop at modern markets. The research method used in this study is qualitative. Research findings indicate that consumer behavior has shifted from traditional markets to modern markets for several reasons, one of which is that modern markets offer convenient facilities.

A political economy perspective of the constitution of ancient Sparta: conflict resolution, credibility, and stability

AbstractUniquely in Ancient Greece the constitution of Sparta provided for two kings from different dynasties reigning simultaneously, an aristocratic upper house, an annually elected board of overseers, an assembly, and a society of warriors to rule over an enslaved neighbouring population. It contributed to Sparta’s elevation to a great power and lasted almost unaltered for five hundred years until the middle of the third century BCE. The paper argues that the intricate constitutional order resolved internal conflicts about income distribution that had plagued Sparta in her early days. The dual kingship was a power sharing arrangement to avoid intra-elite fighting. Constraints on royal power, military organization and conquest of foreign lands secured redistribution to the Spartan poor solving inter-group conflict between the rich and the poor. The checks and balances provided by the constitution served to credibly commit the elite to the settlements. However, the rigidity of the constitution ossified Sparta’s society who could not respond to changing circumstances.

Perspectives of the World Economy from a Geopolitical Perspective

Global economic activity proved highly resilient during the disinflationary period 2022-2023. Employment and income growth remained relatively steady, as favorable supply and demand developments supported the major economies, despite rising central bank interest rates aimed at restoring price stability. As inflation converges towards target levels and central banks move towards an easing policy stance, a tightening of fiscal policies aimed at reducing the high level of public debt, with higher taxes and lower public spending, is expected to affect overall economic growth. The pace of expansion is also expected to remain subdued by historical standards, reflecting factors including the longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, weak productivity growth and rising geo-economic fragmentation. The economic outlook has been realized through a statistical approach of the indicators provided by the International Monetary Fund by extrapolating them through linear regression until 2029, using credible and reliable sources of information from specialized economic publications, through an innovative proprietary approach.

Transforming agricultural land into agrotourism area: Environmental, economic and socio-cultural perspectives

This study investigates the impacts of converting agricultural land into agrotourism areas on environmental, socio-cultural, and economic perspectives within Batukliang District, Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. With a case study approach, this qualitative descriptive research employed interviews with three target groups: local farmers, residents, and tourism actors. The findings revealed seven key points identified as influences affecting the socio-cultural aspects of land change, including community impact, cultural preservation, cultural identity loss, community dynamics change, local cultural commercialization, cultural heritage loss, and traditional livelihoods. The results also unveiled nine financial impacts, 8 of which were associated with economic implications such as economic challenges, risk management, brand building, costs and investments, market access, increased revenue, and income diversity, which contribute positively to local economic development. The study concluded that integrating community involvement empowerment strategies, income diversification, sustainable farming promotion, and land-use regulation is crucial for developing a successful sustainable agrotourism destination.

The environmental and social opportunities of reducing sugar intake

Sugar is the largest agricultural crop by mass and has seen a rapid increase in consumption around the world. There are widespread public health efforts to curb sugar intake through targeted policies given its association with noncommunicable diseases. Although curbing sugar intake aligns with sustainable diets that meet essential environmental and health targets, such a shift may be challenging from a political economy perspective. Utilizing sugar for other purposes such as the production of microbial protein, biofuels, and bioplastics, or using sugar lands to grow other food items, or rewilding could provide health and environmental win–wins that could be more politically palatable. Here, we explore several potential scenarios to illustrate the option space from which national and international stakeholders could choose locally appropriate pathways for alternative utilization of sugar or its lands. While beneficial, such alternative pathways would require the integration of environmental, economic, and health policies to provide a smoother diet transition that reduces stakeholder tensions. Given the trade in sugar as a commodity crop, international approaches that compensate sugar producers for avoided production or incentivize them for redirecting sugars to other uses will be needed. Such approaches could borrow concepts from Just Transition Partnerships that have been applied to energy system transitions in ensuring a transition for major exporters of sugar cash crops across low- and middle-income nations.

Data and contemporary economics: role, paradox and development

PurposeA more accurate comprehension of data elements and the exploration of new laws governing contemporary data in both theoretical and practical domains constitute a significant research topic.Design/methodology/approachBased on the perspective of evolutionary economics, this paper re-examines economic history and existing literature to study the following: changes in the “connotation of production factors” in economics caused by the evolution of production factors; the economic paradoxes formed by data in the context of social production processes and business models, which traditional theoretical frameworks fail to solve; the disruptive innovation of classical theory of value by multiple theories of value determination and the conflicts between the data market monopoly as well as the resulting distribution of value and the real economic society. The research indicates that contemporary advancements in data have catalyzed transformative innovation within the field of economics.FindingsThe research indicates that contemporary advancements in data have catalyzed disruptive innovation in the field of economics.Originality/valueThis paper, grounded in academic research, identifies four novel issues arising from contemporary data that cannot be adequately addressed within the confines of the classical economic theoretical framework.

Elemental Sulfur Promoted Cyclization of o‐Chloronitrobenzenes and Aryl Isothiocyanates to Furnish 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles

AbstractMethods to afford 2‐aminobenzothiazoles often involve the use of o‐aminothiophenols or aniline‐typed precursors. Herein we describe a method to furnish 2‐aminobenzothiazoles through the cyclization of o‐chloronitrobenzenes and aryl isothiocyanates with the assistance of elemental sulfur. From the perspective of step economy, our strategy allows for the direct use of nitroarene precursors without further reduction to anilines. The scope of the reaction with respect to both substrates was investigated, and it was found that electronic properties of the aryl isothiocyanate was important for obtaining acceptable yields.

Utilization of Alternative Fibres Manufactured from Recycled PET Bottles in Concrete Technology for the Improvement of Fire Resistance

This article addresses the potential use of secondary polymer fibres in the field of structural concrete as a replacement for primary polymer fibres (mainly polypropylene/PP/), which are used in concrete to enhance its resistance when exposed to high temperatures (especially in the case of fire). Research has shown that, in addition to PP fibres, polyethylene terephthalate/PET/fibres, produced by recycling packaging materials (mainly PET bottles), can also be used as an alternative. These fibres are industrially produced in similar dimensions as PP fibres and exhibit similar behaviour when added to fresh and hardened concrete. In terms of their effect on increasing resistance to extreme heat loads, it has been found that despite a higher melting point (Tm), concrete with these fibres demonstrates comparable fire resistance. Therefore, it can be concluded that secondary PET fibres represent an interesting alternative to primary PP fibres from the perspective of a circular economy, and their use in construction represents a potentially valuable application for PET obtained through the collection and recycling of PET packaging materials.

A Gendered Double Movement? Income Security and Family Policy Dynamics Over Three Decades

Over the past decades, social policy in OECD countries has experienced significant shifts in family and income security policies. This article investigates these changes from a feminist political economy perspective and argues how they give rise to a gendered double movement. The double movement results from increased (re)commodification combined with rising individualisation, which has a dual effect: it releases women from familial duties while simultaneously commodifying female labour. By integrating the concepts of familisation, individualisation, decommodification and (re)commodification, this analysis examines data from 17 OECD countries between 1985 and 2010 regarding three aspects: the extent of shifts towards individualisation and (re)commodification in welfare states, the identification of distinct welfare state types based on these dimensions, and their consistency over time. The findings show a trend towards increased (re)commodifying policies from 1985 to 1995 and a rise in individualising policies from the late 1990s. By using a cluster analysis with a longitudinal perspective based on four dimensions, six different types of welfare states can be identified, highlighting both stability and shifts. Notably, shifts mostly occur in the same direction, moving towards an optional familialistic/individualistic flexicurity, which combines strong familising and individualising family policies with de- and (re)commodifying income security policies.

Classification of the Penguluran River and Mbambang River using Macroinvertebrate with TWINSPAN Analysis

The Penguluran River and Mbambang River are strategic rivers from an ecological, economic, and social perspective. In the last 5 years there have been flood disasters which can affect the communities within them, for example macroinvertebrates. The aim of the research is the classification of macroinvertebrate habitat groups in Penguluran River and Mbambang River. Research methods uses survey methods and secondary macroinvertebrate data in 2023. Sampling at 25 sites based on different land uses by kicking technique with a hand net (mesh size of 500 μm) in a 10 meter long riffle area. Data analysis using TWINSPAN (Two-way Indicator Species Analysis). TWINSPAN analysis obtained 9 site of group from 25 observation sites (site of groups A–I). Furthermore, the 9 site groups were divided into 3 large groups based on the level of macroinvertebrate sensitivity. Site of group E and F in Argotirto Village and Sumberagung Village have light sensitivity (30%) higher than medium sensitivity (20%) with current vellocity ranges medium to fast, rock and gravel substrates that experience light smoothering, plantation land use (coffee, mangosteen, and cloves) showed light degradation. Site of group A, B, C, H, and I in Argotirto Village, Sumberagung Village, and Sidodadi Village have moderate sensitivity (30%) higher than light sensitivity (20%), current velocity ranges slow to fast, rock substrate and gravel that experienced moderate smoothering, secondary forest land use, plantations (sugar cane, coffee, banana), settlements, and livestock showed moderate degradation. Site of group D and E in Argotirto Village and Sumberagung Village have tolerant sensitivity (36%) than sensitive macroinvertebrates (28%), current velocity ranges medium to fast, rock and mud substrates that experience heavy smoothering, plantation land use (coconut , banana, clove and mangosteen) showed heavy degradation. TWINSPAN analysis of 9 site of group shows light degradation, moderate degradation, and heavy degradation.

Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in HER2-positive gastric cancer treatment in Iran: a cost-effectiveness analysis

BackgroundCombining Trastuzumab with chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer shows treatment promise but may raise costs. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combining Trastuzumab with chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer treatment in Iran.MethodsWe employed a partitioned survival model (PSM) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. The PSM framework included three distinct health states: progression-free, post-progression, and death. Clinical data, including overall survival and progression-free survival rates, were derived from the ToGA trial, a randomized controlled study. A bottom-up approach was used to calculate costs by considering drug costs, adverse event management costs and other disease management costs separately for the progression-free and post-progression states. The analysis was conducted from the Iranian healthcare system’s perspective, considering direct medical costs. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the optimal strategy by comparing the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to Iran’s cost-effectiveness threshold, set at one to three times the GDP per capita. Additionally, we conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings.ResultsBoth FOLFOX-based regimens were strongly dominated. In comparison, the CAPOX regimen cost $2,811.11 for 0.75 QALYs. Adding Trastuzumab to CAPOX increased the cost to $6,128 and improved effectiveness to 0.92 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $19,089.94 per QALY, which is between 2 and 3 times the GDP per capita in 2022.ConclusionThe addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy regimens improved clinical outcomes in HER2-positive gastric cancer patients. From an economic perspective, the CAPOX regimen is the most cost-effective option when considering a cost-effectiveness threshold of up to two times Iran’s GDP per capita. However, when the threshold increases to three times the GDP per capita, the CAPOX + Trastuzumab regimen becomes the preferred choice. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare policymakers in Iran.

The Motivation Factors for Chinese Female Tourists to Participate in ‘Pin’ Themed Afternoon Tea at Luxury Hotels in Macau from the Sharing Economy Perspective and Self-Determination Theory

ABSTRACT The sharing economy has changed the consumption pattern of hospitality services. This study explored a new situation under the sharing economy service – the “Pin” afternoon tea (a form of group purchases) – and determined consumers’ motivations for participation. Qualitative research was conducted in the context of the sharing economy theory and self-determination theory. The results of interviews with 11 Chinese female tourists revealed nine motivation factors in five main dimensions (financial benefits, social benefits, sustainability, enjoyment, and novelty) of “Pin” afternoon teas: cost saving, product scarcity, expanding the circle of friends, social status, environmental consciousness, enjoying the processes, enjoying the foods, enjoying the environment, and experiencing new things. This study contributes to hospitality research by indicating how a niche market (Chinese female tourists) is motivated by a new sharing economy model (the “Pin” afternoon tea). Knowing these motivations may help the hospitality industry formulate appropriate strategies to speed tourism recovery.

Research Hotspots and Knowledge Framework of Digital Healthcare Service Management from the Perspective of the Silver Economy

Research Hotspots and Knowledge Framework of Digital Healthcare Service Management from the Perspective of the Silver Economy

Defense Policy: A Look at Bilateral Cooperation

Indonesia's friendship with Russia has existed for more than seven decades. As a country with the second largest military force in the world, Russia has always been willing to assist Indonesia in realizing the country's defence and security. The article aims to review Indonesia's cooperative relationship with Russia, especially in defence. Using the literature study method, an understanding is produced that to realize the independence of defence equipment, the Indonesian government needs to increase defence cooperation with the Russian government. At least several reasons are behind it. First, historically, Indonesia's relationship with Russia has been very close. Russia positions Indonesia as a strategic partner. This condition allows Russia to not easily impose an embargo on weapons and weapon parts to Indonesia. Second, from an economic perspective, the price of weapons sold by Russia is relatively cheaper with the same quality and reliability, even more so than weapons from other country manufacturers. And third, there is a Russian commitment to transfer technology to support the independence of Indonesia's defence equipment

Research on the Performance of Continuous Mergers and Acquisitions of Enterprises from the Perspective of Platform Economy

Research on the Performance of Continuous Mergers and Acquisitions of Enterprises from the Perspective of Platform Economy

The professional logics of accounting education in MENA countries: evidence from Egypt and KSA

PurposeThis study investigates the influence of the surrounding institutional context, with a particular focus on the professional perspective, on accounting education in two leading developing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), by focusing on public universities’ undergraduate level in the two countries.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an interpretative approach, this study uses data collected mainly through interviews with the members of the key accounting professional and regulatory bodies, accounting professors and accounting graduates in Egypt and KSA. Theoretically, this study uses insights from the institutional theory to understand the institutional context shaping accounting education in the two examined settings.FindingsDespite sharing several cultural aspects, we noticed differences in accounting education in the two MENA countries. We explained how the dominant institutional perspective in these contexts (i.e. the professional perspective) affects accounting education, resulting in various implications for accounting graduates and the accounting profession. In Egypt, we noticed a retreatment of the professional perspective due to the dominance of an economic perspective informed by the worse economic conditions in the country, negatively affecting accounting education. In contrast, accounting education in KSA is primarily driven by the professional context aided by the availability of facilities and resources as well as the centrality of the role played by professionals and regulators in accounting education, which has directed accounting educators towards incorporating professional knowledge into accounting curricula.Practical implicationsBy highlighting the influence of the professional context on accounting education in a particular developing country, the findings of this study can guide regulators and policymakers in other developing countries concerning developing their accounting education programmes. Furthermore, professionals should allow accounting academics to contribute to developing the accounting profession and employers should support accounting students’ training and development.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by examining the situation of accounting education beyond Western developed contexts, presenting an extensive theoretical explanation of the salient institutional perspectives shaping that situation.

The effects of digital economy on manufacturing resource allocation efficiency across Chinese cities: a spatial economic perspective

ABSTRACT The development of digital economy provides significant impacts on spatial distribution of industries. Using microdata from Chinese manufacturing enterprises and adopting a spatial economic perspective, this study reveals that the digital economy exerts non-linear impacts on resource allocation. As the level of urban digital economy improves, the efficiency of manufacturing resource allocation shows an inverted U-shaped trend, and high hierarchy cities exhibit higher critical values. The study finds a positive spatial correlation in manufacturing resource allocation efficiency across cities; however, the growth of digital economy in neighbouring cities may lead to backwash effects and impede local improvements in allocation efficiency. The mechanism analysis indicates that the digital economy primarily affects spatial resource allocation through urban agglomeration economies and diseconomies. Consequently, economic agents and policy makers in cities should consider the dual effects of ‘location optimization’ and ‘transforming the economy from substantial to fictitious’ during digital transformation processes to select optimal development paths and improve allocation efficiency.