City Perspective Research Articles

Regenerative Streets: Pathways towards the Post-Automobile City

The subject of the paper is the street, seen as a structuring and emblematic element of urban settlement. The topic is addressed from the lens of regenerative design, whose underlying whole-system, multi-scalar, and dynamic approach can find urban connections to be a fruitful field of experimentation from the perspective of the post-automobile city. The first part of the paper traces the stages of the transport mechanization process and related impacts on urban patterns, emphasizing the voices critical of reducing streets to mere traffic channels that have accompanied it, until the sustainability discourse led to a general rethinking of how mobility should be planned in cities. The second part of the paper reviews alternative urban visions to the still prevailing car-oriented model, which re-actualize the idea of the street as a multifunctional space, providing social and environmental ‘returns’ in addition to its role as a transport infrastructure. The notion of the street as a ‘space of potential’ is then developed through an inductive classification of regenerative actions at different scales, both material and immaterial, as well as permanent and temporary, thus providing a unifying conceptual framework for further research and practical applications in the fields of urban design and sustainable mobility.

Smart Cities and its Economic Aspects: An Indian Perspective

"In India, cities populations are expanding due to the growing interest of the populations and to avail advance facilities. Most of the cities are overcrowded and for that reason cities need to be developed. To provide advance facilities and for betterment of the life, cities in India are modernized and re developed as a smart or intelligent city. Smart City is highly enriched and progressive city in context of technology emergence. Therefore, the smart city far ahead than normal city regarding area development, technology based smart applications and planning of the city. Many cities are approved and also wait for the approval for development as a smart city in India. Numerous projects of smart city are designed according different perspective of city. ICT has huge impact on smart city-based project to build intelligent or automated solutions. Cities economy depends on the population growth. Economic condition of the cities much better than village or town. Growth of the urbanization accelerate very fast according to the increasing demand and potentialities. Economic impacts on the society and urbanization analyzed in this paper. Fund allocated for the various projects of smart cities. Various projects in different fields and estimated funds approved for development of projects analysis in this paper."

Towards (net) zero emissions in the stationary energy sector: A city perspective

Cities are loci of intense consumption of energy and resources and thus hotspots of greenhouse gas emissions with global environmental impacts. While increasingly recognised as a crucial part of the solution, little is known on what cities are concretely setting up and achieving in the context of climate mitigation. In this paper, we examine the roadmap of 362 ambitious cities that expressed their interest in the 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities Mission of the European Commission. We focus on the role of the built environment as a source of emissions and even more as a multiplier of positive impacts and opportunities. We analyse i) the contribution to the overall Scope 1 and 2 emissions, ii) current policies and policy instruments in the stationary energy domain as compared to those cities will deploy to become climate neutral by 2030, and iii) current key measures against interventions that could scale up in the future. The insights gathered through this study can inform scientists on key technical and technological gaps, inspire other cities on the journey to (net) zero emissions, and support policymakers, practitioners, and the public in the creation of an enabling environment for climate-neutral strategies and technologies in the urban domain.

On the risks associated with transitioning to climate neutrality in Europe: A city perspective

Extensive scientific literature exists on the risks associated with climate change in cities. Contrarily, the analysis on the risks local governments face in moving towards zero emissions targets is sparse, topical, and local. In this study, we provide a first-of-its-kind synoptic risk analysis directly based on cities’ experiences, inputs, and prospects for the future, collated through the questionnaire to express interest in the European Mission for 100 Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030. This novel dataset contains a variety of information 362 cities provided in relation to all critical (technological and non-technological) elements that contribute to climate mitigation, while enucleating the risks that may arise along the way. The analysis focuses on nine risk domains (including political, financial, regulatory, operational, organisational, collaborative, social, environmental, and safety/security risks) and delves into possible solutions. These insights will be extremely useful and timely to i) design precautions and safeguards, ii) motivate new policies and instruments, iii) inform assistance services and forms of support, and iv) inspire other cities in the creation of an enabling and inclusive environment for zero-emission futures. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a substantial lack of supportive scientific literature when it comes to non-technological aspects of the transition to climate neutrality.

The Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Investment in the Social Field of Anhui Province

With the rapid development of the economy and society, emerging industries such as education, culture, healthcare, and sports are constantly emerging in China, and investment enthusiasm is constantly rising. However, there is still a large amount of potential and resources in China's social sector that have not been fully utilized. This article analyzes the investment environment and current situation in the social sector of Anhui Province and finds that the total investment in the social sector continues to grow, and the overall growth rate of investment in the social sector shows a fluctuating increase, which is higher than the national average. From the perspective of various cities, although the overall investment in the social sector shows a fluctuating growth, there is still a significant gap between different regions. There are the following problems in investment in the social sector of Anhui: infrastructure and public service issues need to be addressed, investment structure needs to be optimized, regional development coordination needs to be improved, and private investment structure is not optimal. Finally, propose countermeasures and suggestions.

An analysis of the perceived liveability index with the use of adjusted and weighted aspects based on a multi-stakeholder perspective in the Indonesian city of Balikpapan

Motives: Dynamic strategic issues have raised concerns about perceived liveability measurements to maintain a high quality of life that affects the residents’ wellbeing. Liveability aspects and indicators should be adjusted to accurately identify local issues and living conditions, and to promote community participation. Rigorous research methods with more representative samples are required to improve the accuracy of perceived liveability analyses in a specific context. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the perceived liveability index in the Indonesian city of Balikpapan. The economic development of Balikpapan relies heavily on natural resources, and the city will be affected by the government’s plan to relocate the Indonesian capital. A survey involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted to analyse perceived liveability in Balikpapan. The aspects and indicators of perceived liveability were adjusted and weighted based on a multi-stakeholder perspective to accurately represent the interests of all stakeholders when calculating the perceived liveability index using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A content analysis of open-ended responses was carried out to analyse the feedback and the problems experienced by Balikpapan residents. The developed approach contributed to a better understanding of the residents’ opinions regarding the quality of life in the city. Results: Eight aspects of perceived liveability consisting of 51-item indicators were defined in this study. These aspects were arranged in the following descending order based on the values of the assigned weights: (1) access to basic utilities, (2) environment and health, (3) social development and security, (4) economy, (5) utility, (6) transport, (7) spatial development, and (8) recreation, culture, and public spaces. The analysis revealed that industrial and urban development in the eastern part of the city is inversely proportional to the perceived liveability index. In turn, urban development plans in the northern part of the city offer better prospects for new urban residents, economic actors, and stakeholders in the future residential design. The two major factors of perceived liveability, namely cleanliness and safety, indicate that the city effectively accommodates the needs of the existing residents, as well as potential migrants. Floods and poor road quality were identified as the most pressing problems in the city. According to the residents, economic problems and job insecurity were the main consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study can assist the local authorities in enhancing the capacity of urban policies or levels of policy implementation to meet the needs of local residents.

Nonlinear effects of public transport accessibility on urban development: A case study of mountainous city

The increasing pace of urbanization has given rise to numerous challenges in urban areas, including limited land resources, severe traffic congestion, and environmental degradation. To address these issues, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has been identified as an effective strategy for promoting sustainable urban development by enhancing the link between transportation and land use. This study explores the nonlinear relationship between public-transport accessibility and urban development from the perspective of mountainous cities, using Chongqing, China as a case study. The gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT) is employed to analyze nonlinear effects via big data and open data. The results of the study reveal that metro and street accessibility significantly impact urban development in Chongqing, while the effects of the central-business-district (CBD) and bus transportation are weaker compared to plain cities. Four metro stations in Chongqing are selected to examine the local effects of public-transport accessibility on urban development. This research sheds light on the accessibility and urban-development issues in mountainous cities, considering the influence of topographical factors.

Investigating the Synergistic Evolution Mechanism of Multi-Scale Cities: A Case Study of Three Urban Agglomerations in Eastern China

Urban growth has evolved from cities to metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations, exhibiting a multi-scale pattern. Urban scaling law can reflect the nonlinear relationship between urban indicators and population size, which is very important for urban planning through analyzing the evolution of urban system characteristics. However, existing studies mainly focused on scalar law within countries, neglecting the multi-scale synergistic evolution of complex urban systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the scalar relationship between urban indicators and population size at multiple scales from the perspective of individual cities, metropolitan areas, and urban agglomerations, using data from 45 cities in three urban agglomerations in eastern China. Based on the urban scaling law, local spatial autocorrelation model is used to analyze and explore the collaborative evolution of multiple scales. Results show that from the perspective of time evolution, the three urban agglomerations exhibit greater scaling effects than metropolitan areas, with a scaling exponent (β) greater than 1 for urban indicators including economy, land, infrastructure, ecological pressure, and innovation. From the perspective of spatial differences, the spatial development gap between the metropolitan area scale and the urban agglomeration scale is relatively small compared with the city scale. In addition, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTH) mainly displays the synergistic development of the dual-core structure of Beijing and Tianjin. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) exhibits significant disparities between its cities, resulting in a low degree of overall synergy. In contrast, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) leads in terms of synergistic evolution. This study is crucial to help understand the development of urban systems at different scales and to support regional planning and the achievement of coordinated development.

From lockdown to precise prevention: Adjusting epidemic-related spatial regulations from the perspectives of the 15-minute city and spatiotemporal planning

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged emergency management in cities worldwide. Many municipalities adopted restrictive, one-size-fits-all spatial regulations such as lockdowns without fully considering the inhabitants’ daily activities and local economies. The existing epidemic regulations’ unintended detrimental effects on socioeconomic sustainability necessitate a transition from the “lockdown” approach to more precise disease prevention. A spatially and temporally precise approach that balances epidemic prevention with the demands of daily activities and local economies is needed. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose a framework and key procedures for determining precise prevention regulations from the perspectives of the 15-minute city concept and spatiotemporal planning. Alternative regulations of lockdowns were determined by delineating 15-minute neighborhoods, identifying and reconfiguring facility supplies and activity demands in both normal and epidemic conditions, and performing cost-benefit analyses. Highly adaptable, spatially- and temporally-precise regulations can match the needs of different types of facilities. We demonstrated the process for determining precise prevention regulations in the case of the Jiulong 15-minute neighborhood in Beijing. Precise prevention regulations—which meet essential activity demands and are adaptable for different facility types, times, and neighborhoods—have implications for long-term urban planning and emergency management.

Urban resilience and migration governance in Tunisia’s unstable political environment

ABSTRACT Tunisia is discovering a new migration pattern, with new arrivals staying rather than transiting, given the agreements between the EU and Tunisia to secure their borders. And this is happening in an extremely unstable environment that oscillates between democracy and autocracy. In this scenario, Tunisian cities are becoming catalysts for migration governance resilience. Drawing on the extensive literature on urban resilience but applied to pressures caused by human factors, this article proposes in the first section to use this category of analysis in the under-researched field of urban migration governance. In the second section, the main sources and methodology of the fieldwork conducted in July 2021 will be briefly presented before reviewing the Tunisian context from a city perspective. Then, in a third section, we will turn to the main findings that establish that migration governance and urban resilience go hand in hand for the ongoing transformative democratic process in Tunisia, or its stagnation. Concluding remarks will assess the empirical potential of the urban resilience approach for the analysis of similar processes in this Mediterranean sub-region.

Is the effect of Airbnb on the housing market different in medium-sized cities? Evidence from a Southern European city

ABSTRACT Academic literature has analysed the effects of renting vacation homes in recent years from the perspective of large cities. This paper aims to test whether these effects also occur in smaller tourist cities. For this purpose, the case of San Sebastian (Spain), a medium sized tourist city. We find that a one unit increase per 100 housing units in Airbnb listings leads to a citywide average monthly advertised rent of €1,284.20, an increase of 49.45€, on average. This implies a much higher effect of Airbnb on the rental market than previous studies that focused on large cities.

Exploring the Spatial Heterogeneity and Influence Factors of Daily Travel Carbon Emissions in Metropolitan Areas: From the Perspective of the 15-min City

Most of the residents’ daily travel is concentrated within their 15-min walking distance. In China, derived from the 15-min city concept, the 15-min walkable area is often referred to as the 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood, and it has become a basic planning unit. Understanding the factors that influence the built environment of the 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood on the residents’ daily travel carbon emissions is critical to reduce urban carbon emissions. There may be spatial heterogeneity in daily travel carbon emissions as a dependent variable due to the spatial heterogeneity of built environment factors. Therefore, this study used data from the Wuhan City Resident Travel Survey to describe the spatial pattern of daily travel carbon emissions among Wuhan residents. The study examined the spatial heterogeneity of daily travel carbon emissions and explored the spatial differentiation of the built environment’s impact on daily travel carbon emissions within the 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood of the residents using spatial autocorrelation analysis and multi-scale geo-weighted regression (MGWR). The results indicate that Wuhan residents’ daily travel carbon emissions show an increasing circle structure from the center outward. In general, built environment elements in the 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood are closely related to the daily travel carbon emissions, and the direction and degree of impact of the built environment varies spatially. This study provides empirical evidence for controlling transportation carbon emissions.

Sponge City Construction and Urban Economic Sustainable Development: An Ecological Philosophical Perspective.

The Party's 14th Five-Year-Plan and the 2035 Visionary Goals point out that green and sustainable development is the direction of China's road in the present age, and provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of ecological civilization. "Sponge city" is a new type of urban construction idea in China; moving from pilot to vigorous implementation at present, it is an important element of China's promotion of green development and development of ecological civilization. At present, a number of sponge city pilot projects have been built in China, and evaluation of their effects is already a matter of urgency. The overall planning of China's current policies in sponge city construction and the specific analyses conducted by experts from both subjective and objective aspects have not been able to completely fill the gap in this regard, thus making it particularly urgent to conduct in-depth studies. Based on this, this paper discusses the performance assessment of sponge cities in China on the basis of the prediction and analysis of the development trend of sponge cities in China. In the performance assessment system, the correctness and timeliness of the index system should be considered in terms of practical effects; in the city performance assessment, the ideas of new city development such as low-carbon cities and smart cities should be combined to build a comprehensive and multi-perspective intelligent assessment system, so as to provide a strong boost to promote the development of city construction and its evaluative research. Firstly, a system-dynamic model is applied to sort out and combine its internal operation mechanism, and a set of evaluation systems based on the ecological philosophical perspective of the sponge city and urban sustainable development performance is established. Second, to improve the accuracy of the research results, parallelism tests and robustness analysis were conducted on this performance index evaluation system. The study's results show that sponge city construction has achieved good results in sustainable urban development and has contributed to future development.

Status and Trends of Research on China’s Third Front Construction in English Language and Brief Comparison With Chinese Counterpart

Third Front construction was a massive defensive industrialization and economic campaign in response to the threat of war from both the Soviet Union and the United States in the 1960s in the remote and isolated hinterlands of China, which remained a top secret for many years before 1980s. Academic community has been making growing efforts in exploring its origin, history, development and influence ever since. As the largest industrial relocation in modern Chinese history, it is crucial for understanding the complexity of China today. Based on the bibliometric analysis of the retrieved and pruned 370 bibliographic references from Google Scholar, this article identified the major references, leading authors, contributing journals, productive countries or territories and cooperating institutions, as well as hot topics and emerging trends of the research on Third Front construction. By adopting VOSviewer as the visualizing tool, the paper found that Third Front construction continues to be a hot research topic with growing trend from the perspectives of historical background, macro-policy, industrial development, third-front cities and modern development of the Third Front construction in China. It also revealed the potential research trends in urbanization, industrial heritage and Cold War related to Third Front construction. Meanwhile, the paper made a brief comparison between the research on China’s third front construction in English and Chinese languages. The findings could be of theoretical values to the academic community for the revelation of the knowledge landscape of Third Front construction and the entry point to the modern history of China.

A study on the Renovation of Public Space in Old Districts from the Perspective of Child-friendly Cities

A study on the Renovation of Public Space in Old Districts from the Perspective of Child-friendly Cities

Market demand of smart home under the perspective of smart city

China's booming economy and technological advancements have fueled the rapid growth of smart cities. This has led to more connected, efficient urban infrastructure, improving the quality of life and work for residents. Rising consumer standards have sparked interest in comfortable, healthy, safe, convenient, and efficient lifestyles, driving the widespread adoption of smart homes. As people become more accepting of intelligent products, the smart home industry is expected to see growing demand in the future. Therefore, the analysis and research of smart home market demand has important practical significance. On this basis, SWOT analysis analyzes the pros and cons of the smart home product market, PEST method analyzes the macro environment of the market, Porter's Five forces model is used to analyze the micro environment of the market, and understand the status quo and problems of the smart home market. Obtain the demand of smart home market through research and provide development suggestions for enterprises.

A 15-minute Living Circle from the Perspective of Epidemic and Post-epidemic Cities- the Case of Beijing

In the context of the ongoing epidemic, cities face significant challenges due to their high density, lack of public services, and inadequate health care resources, and the ‘15-minute city’ can provide a turnaround. This paper explores how ‘15-minute cities’ can help cities cope with the epidemic in terms of accessibility, crowd reduction, and public service provision. At the same time, the paper takes Beijing as an example, and through the creation of a ‘buffer zone’ and kernel density analysis of poi data, finds that the construction of ‘15-minute cities’ or ‘15-minute living circles’ in Beijing is lacking in the suburbs, where people need to enter the city centre to access public services and goods, leading to unnecessary congestion. This leads to unnecessary congestion and congestion. Finally, three types of ‘15-minute neighbourhoods’ are explored. Through analysis, this paper finds that larger, enclosable neighbourhoods are the most appropriate for Beijing’s future, particularly in the case of suburban expansion.

Causes and consequences of bullwhip effect on the boutique industry of Dhaka city

The phenomenon of the bullwhip effect (BWE) has become a pressing concern in contemporary supply chain management. Every echelon of the supply chain faces the negative consequences of BWE somehow. So, it is crucial to determine the reasons responsible for the BWE to mitigate the consequences. The boutique industry in Bangladesh is a rapidly growing industrial sector. In this study, we focused on finding the reasons and consequences of the bullwhip effect on the boutique industry in Dhaka city. The main targets of this study are to examine the underlying reasons for the BWE, identify the most significant causes from the perspective of Dhaka city, and determine the major consequences of the bullwhip effect. Studies of previous literature and consultation with experts have identified sixteen common causes behind the bullwhip effect. This study uses a survey-based method; respondents are chosen through clustered sampling. Necessary data have been collected with a semi-organized inquiry form. Among all the 16 causes, six causes are found to be the most significant causes from the perspective of retailers and wholesalers. SPSS Version 26 has been used for statistical analysis to make the final decision. We also found ten consequences commonly faced by these two echelons of the boutiques' supply chain because of the bullwhip effect. These are high inventory costs, workforce wastages and higher labor costs, higher replenishment lead-time, higher transportation costs, tension in the buyer-supplier relationship, product unavailability, loss of profit, poor customer service, etc.

Engaging Stakeholders to Overcome the Common Constraints for Delivering Low Carbon Buildings in High-Rise High-Density Cities

Buildings in high-rise high-density cities are principal contributors to global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Notwithstanding the many commitments to delivering low-carbon buildings (LCBs), various constraints have hampered their delivery. Despite their significance, very few studies have identified these constraints from the perspective of high-rise high-density cities. Furthermore, there has been no specific identification of stakeholders’ engagement needed to address the constraints. The reported study addresses this gap by exploring the stakeholder engagement required to overcome the constraints of delivering LCBs. First, a list of 21 common constraints for delivering LCBs in high-rise high-density cities was identified by building on a precursor research study. In addition, 19 stakeholders with the ability to help overcome these constraints were identified through a literature review, and their engagement in addressing the identified 21 constraints was analyzed by employing social network analysis (SNA) approaches. This analysis was based on a two-round Delphi survey conducted with the participation of 15 experienced practitioners. The findings provide a systematic mapping of the constraints and associated stakeholders. Accordingly, clients, policy makers and regulators, property and facility managers, educational training and research institutes, and accreditation and standardization bodies showed an ability to address more than 60% of the identified constraints, whereas financial institutions, end users, project managers, and suppliers showed an ability to address less than 30% of the constraints. This study contributes to the theory by providing useful insights into developing and utilizing suitable SNA structures to analyze stakeholder engagement. It contributes to practice by identifying common constraints in delivering LCBs, identifying the significant stakeholders involved, and alerting industry practitioners to the imperatives and suitable modalities for their engagement to strengthen the delivery of LCBs in high-rise high-density cities.

The landscape and biophilic perspectives of the new city of Guelma Hdjar El Mangoub 1 1 Professor Dr. Fatima-Zahra DJOUAD, 2 Candidate.

Biophilic design is a human-centered approach that seeks to strengthen our connection to natural processes within the urban space. The new city of Guelma: Hdjar EL Mangoub is characterized by breathtaking landscapes, beautiful mountains and strong vegetation. In this sense, it is a question of researching and showing the extent to which natural elements are taken into consideration in the development of this new city as essential elements of its urban design. The adopted methodology serves to define the key frameworks of urban design according to a biophilic approach. The results obtained show the presence of a biophilic design defined by the first experience of nature.