Argumentative Perspective Research Articles

Identifying arguments within a text: Categorizing errors and their impact in arguments' relation prediction

The automatic identification of argument units within a text is a crucial task, as it is the first step that should be performed by an end-to-end argument mining system. In this work, we propose an approach for categorizing errors in predicted argument units, which allows the evaluation of segmentation models from an argumentative perspective. We assess the ability of several models to generalize knowledge across different text domains and, through the proposed categorization, we show differences in their behavior that may not be noticeable using standard classification metrics. Furthermore, we assess how the errors in predicted argument units impact on a task that rely on accurate unit identification, an aspect that has not been studied in previous research, and that helps to evaluate the usability of an imperfect segmentation model beyond the segmentation task itself.

Documentary Image Expression in Public Emergencies: A Case Study of Documentary Film "The Front Line"

In recent years, public emergencies represented by the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 have occurred frequently, and the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century . As the most authentic and timely image form, documentary film, which focuses on the documentary expression of public emergencies, plays a competitive, original, powerful, influential and leading role, has been widely concerned and affirmed by the industry and beyond. Taking the documentary film "The Front Line" as an example, combined with the author's personal thinking as the executive chief director of the film, this paper analyzes the film from the perspective of creation, argumentation, narrative means and speech methods, and conducts in-depth thinking and theoretical analysis of the documentary image expression in public emergencies.

An Argumantative Analysis of Korean -Kkaci

Korean -kkaci is widely recognized as a scalar focus particle, and there have been studies requiring the presence of propositions alternative to the prejacent. By examining diverse cases exhibiting the uses of the particle, this paper argues that the alternative proposition is not a necessary component in the particle’s meaning. From an argumentative perspective, this paper claims that the particle is employed to present the prejacent as the strongest argument supporting a conclusion explicit or implicit in the context.

Classroom interaction and student learning: Reasoned dialogue versus reasoned opposition

Analyses of classroom interaction have frequently spotlighted reasoned dialogue as beneficial for student learning, and research into small-group activity amongst students offers empirical support. However, the evidence relating to teacher-student interaction has never been compelling, and one of the few studies to investigate the issue directly detected no relation whatsoever between reasoned dialogue and learning outcomes. The present paper outlines additional data from that study, together with evidence from elsewhere, with a view to interpreting the results relating to reasoned dialogue. Account is taken of the generally positive evidence obtained from studies of group work amongst students. The key proposal is that it may be reasoned opposition that promotes learning rather than reasoned dialogue in general, and reasoned opposition is probably rare when teachers are involved. The proposal has implications for both the dialogic and the argumentation perspective upon classroom interaction, and these are discussed.

Preferring stablecoin over dollar: Evidence from a survey of Ethereum platform traders

In a survey to a random group of anonymous participants of Ethereum trading market, one of the most active cryptocurrency trading markets, 60% of the respondents prefer stablecoin over the U.S. dollar despite that stablecoin and dollar are believed to share many similarities in terms of functions of money. Further investigations demonstrate that this preference cannot be explained from the perspective of standard asset pricing arguments including risk-return trade-off and portfolio diversification. We show that the expected return of holding stablecoin is almost zero while the variance of return is significantly larger than that of the dollar. Stablecoin also cannot help improve the efficiency of the portfolio which already includes the U.S. dollar as a financial asset. We find the psychological factors such as the interest in new technology and the preference for political liberty might help explain this preference.

Evaluating the Explanation Inference of a High-Stakes French Listening Test: An Argument-Based Perspective

This article draws on argument-based validation to gather and evaluate construct-related evidence (i.e., the explanation inference) of a high-stakes test. The data stemmed from the listening component of a French test used for immigration to Canada through the province of Quebec. An expert panel with varied backgrounds in applied linguistics reviewed and associated the items of two operational test forms to four listening comprehension sub-skills identified in selected sources of second language listening theory. Based on the expert panel recommendations, two confirmatory factor models were fit to examinees’ response data. The models fit the data well, providing backing for the explanation inference but suggesting construct under-representation for one of the test forms examined. The argument-based approach to validation yielded principled guidelines to evaluate construct coverage of the test across forms, providing insightful guidance on how to organize construct evidence from an argumentation perspective. Implications are discussed as they relate to the operationalization of argument-based validation in high-stakes settings.

Systematic Literature Review Analysis for Trends in The Study of Islamic Thought in Career Development

This study was conducted to find the trends of studies for career development from Islamic perspective and popular sources of Islamic career argument by analyzing the past literature that discuss the career development in Islam. It was guided by ‘The Academic Journal Guide 2018’ issued by the Chartered Association of Business Schools. A total of 53 quantitative research papers and 29 qualitative papers were selected and reviewed from the Scopus and the WoS Indexed Journal from the year 2016 - 2021. The discussion of the study limited to the practical implications for individual career development in stages of exploration (15-24 years) and Establishment (25-44 years) base on Super Theory. The study uniquely synergized on systematic assessment that combine with Islamic perspective from various source. The study shows work ethics, spiritual and manners in workplace become the trends for the Islamic Career Development’s studies. It also shows that Islamic thought embraces careers as part of world's human development and 33% of the paper used Islamic scholar, al-Ghazali as a main source of information for study of Islamic Career. Other popular sources like al-Qur’an, Hadith and Islamic scholar also included in the studies. The study suggested to focus more on the significant differences between subjective and objective career development according to Islamic law in the future

Nationalism or patriotism? The rhetorical genesis of a false dilemma

Starting from a recent ideological and political controversy regarding the devaluation of the concept of “nationalism” in relation to that of ‘patriotism”, the author – following his own years-long investigations on the subject – historically and philosophically reframes each of these concepts from the perspective of rhetoric and argumentation. It is shown, in this context, that the arguments in question are fallacious (and even, in some applications, clearly perverse) and a radical and provocative reformulation of the aforementioned concepts and the controversy involved is proposed – a reformulation which, eventually and at best, may give rise to a new historiography on the subject.

Actions speak louder than words – strategic communication and (un)intentional signalling: a semio-pragmatic taxonomy

PurposeThe article tackles the under-defined notion of communication in strategic communication research and elaborates a taxonomy of semiotic processes, which distinguishes different types of communicative and signalling events. The purpose is to offer an improved analysis of the processes by which meaning emerges from strategic communication situations.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed taxonomy is based on a conceptual framework combining semiotics, linguistic pragmatics and signalling theory. Several real cases of strategic communication are analysed to exemplify the taxonomy.FindingsDifferent sub-types of signalling events are highlighted and explained. The communicative function of performed behaviours (i.e. when actions speak and do it louder than words) depends on how informative and communicative intentions are managed by the message source and inferentially interpreted by different receivers. It is suggested that the ways in which meaning is signalled can be best understood with an argumentative perspective that foregrounds the inferential processes of persuasion, interpretation and decision-making. The limitations of the transmission vs. ritual and the one-way vs. two-way theories of strategic communication are highlighted.Originality/valueThe article discusses strategic communication events with the under-considered perspective of communication theories in the fields of semiotics and pragmatics. Signalling phenomena are interpreted from a communicative viewpoint, emphasising the argumentative dynamics that constitute them.

« Mise en crise » du discours du Haut-Commissariat pour les réfugiés : enjeux et formes de politisation de la cause des réfugiés

The “migration crisis” which has placed refugees and migrants on the same migration routes calls the UN Refugee Agency’s discourse into question. This crisis implies “manufacturing a political framing of the untenable” (Angeli Aguiton et al., 2019, p. 15) in support of “crisis exit” interventions which shape the forms of politicisation of the refugee cause. The article draws on the semio-discursive analysis of UNHCR activity reports from 2015 to 2019, from the perspective of argumentation in discourse.

Marquard Freher and the presumption of goodness in legal humanism

ABSTRACT One of the most detailed early modern discussions of the morality of esteem can be found in the work of the reformed jurist and historian Marquard Freher (1565–1614). Since the question of how much esteem others deserve is fraught with a high degree of uncertainty, Freher relied on the work of other legal humanists, who discussed questions of esteem from the perspective of arguments from the presumption of goodness. The humanist approach to the presumption of goodness integrated considerations about presumed non-delinquency with considerations concerning natural needs, natural rights and natural duties grounded in natural rational capacities common to all (grown-up, healthy) human beings. It advised us to fulfill natural duties that derive from the natural need of being held in good esteem by others, and to develop socially valuable attitudes such as trust and positive emotions toward others. At the same time, this approach was responsive to considerations of prudence, both in grounding the presumption of goodness in considerations concerning causal powers and in balancing the presumption of goodness against a variety of presumptions of badness. Freher applied this understanding of the presumption of goodness to political practice in his role as an advisor to the Palatinate.

The Historical Lawyer and the Goals of Legal Education

Sloppy education results in misdirected graduates. We need to see legal education as a matter of shaping in adepts something that can be called caliber of intellect. It is referring to the university formation of a way of thinking and of perceiving the world that distinguishes legal studies from any other intellectual or scientific preparation. The author argues that legal education in the main must ensure that graduates are historical lawyers. There are two occupational paths open to law graduates, that of practitioners and that of scholars. The vast majority choose to be practitioners. Law adopts not only a dogmatic or comparative legal perspective, but also a historical perspective of discourse and argumentation. The users of this argumentation — and, one might say, everyone who appreciates it — are, on the strength of this fact, historical lawyers. Law is in a constant process of historical development, therefore a historical lawyer is a realist lawyer. The historical lawyer, with his awareness of the inevitable successive changes in the law, has no illusions as to the immutability of specific regulations, and is consequently more able to estimate the spectrum of such changes and what future amendments might entail. He is aware of the mistakes of the past and can thus take care to avoid them in the future — and, hopefully, help others to avoid them, too.

Negative campaigning

AbstractThis paper develops an argumentative perspective on attacks in political election campaigns. The perspective highlights the role that attack ads play in the justification of vote claims aiming to advance our understanding of the notorious practice and to bring about a nuanced assessment of its benefits and risks. In the examination, special attention is paid to the argumentative potential that links a certain criticism of an adversary to the defense of the negative vote against the adversary as well as to the defense of the positive vote claim in favor of a campaign’s candidate. Considering the argumentative potential is especially beneficial for capturing the role of attacks in important political processes, including accountability and the stimulation of an informed public political participation.

Technical Language as Evidence of Expertise

In this paper, I focus on one argumentative strategy with which experts (or putative experts) in a particular field provide evidence of their expertise to a lay audience. The strategy consists in using technical vocabulary that the speaker knows the audience does not comprehend with the intention of getting the audience to infer that the speaker possesses expert knowledge in the target domain. This strategy has received little attention in argumentation theory and epistemology. For this reason, the aim of the present paper is not to reach any definitive conclusions, but mainly exploratory. After introducing the phenomenon, I discuss various examples. Next, I analyse the phenomenon from an argumentative perspective. I discuss the pragmatic mechanism that underlies it, the quality of the evidence offered, and its capacity to persuade.

Persuasive rather than ‘binding’ EU soft law? An argumentative perspective on the European Commission’s soft law instruments in times of crisis

ABSTRACT This paper starts from the premise that argumentation in EU (Commission) soft law instruments is essential for their effectiveness, mainly due to its function to persuade addressees as a means to enhance compliance. Notwithstanding their importance in the EU legal-political landscape, the problem is how to ensure that these instruments devoid of formal legally binding force can function as effective governance tools by convincing addressees to comply, particularly during crisis periods such as the Covid-19 crisis, when fast and effective action is urgently needed. By pointing at a number of significant legal problems and concerns deriving from the Commission’s ‘hardened’ soft law instruments, we suggest a normative approach focusing on the potential of EU soft law instruments to act as highly persuasive tools. By making the instruments’ argumentation a core concern, we examine its role as a means to improve the intrinsic quality of EU (Commission) soft law and to foster effective compliance. To this end, we propose a theoretical-analytical framework combining insights from law and argumentation theory, that puts forward an argumentative toolbox for the analysis and assessment of EU (Commission) soft law instruments. This toolbox comprises four argumentative parameters that need to be taken into account in the drafting and evaluation of EU (Commission) soft law instruments: (1) the content of the argumentation, (2) the design of the arguments pointing at persuasive suggestions for cooperation, (3) the factors influencing argumentative effectiveness, and (4) the soundness of argumentation.

Modes of subjectivation, ethos and the “Pathway of passions”: a theoretical-methodological apparatus for rhetorical analysis

The text argues for the possibility of multimodal argumentative analyses. The main objective of this essay was to speculate on how an orator's modes of subjectivation, discursively materialized by ethos, provide evidence for the persuasion of audiences. In order to do that, we use the “Pathway of passions” theory as a theoretical-methodological analysis apparatus. The object of study was the official campaign video of the current state deputy for the State of São Paulo, Arthur Moledo do Val, published on the YouTube website, in 2018. The results of the work indicate that the analysis of multimodal texts is essential at the present time, since the most varied social practices, such as politics, have been using these materialities to persuade. It is also clear that ethos gains more argumentative relevance within a virtual communicative context. Furthermore, the rhetorical perspective of argumentation, transdisciplinary since its genesis, can provide the necessary means to carry out such an undertaking

Concordar em discordar: análise discursivo-pragmática da polémica verbal em textos de opinião sobre o Acordo Ortográfico de 1990

The main goal of this study is to analyze the construction of the polemical discourse, from a corpus composed by opinion texts concerning the Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (from now on OA90), taking into account the perspective of Discourse Analysis, Pragmatics, Rhetoric, Argumentation and Interactional Linguistics. The analysis of the corpus allows us to conclude that the speakers manipulate several strategies in the construction of their arguments, always with the intention of provoking and perpetuating the dissent.

توظيف تقنيات الحِجَاج البلاغي في الخطاب القضائي مقاربة في تحليل الخطاب الجاد

توظيف تقنيات الحجاج البلاغي في الخطاب القضائي مقاربة في تحليل الخطاب الجاد سعد محمد عبد الغفار يوسف قسم اللغة العربية، کلية الآداب، جامعة الوادي الجديد، الخارجة، مصر. البريد الإلکتروني: saadyousef@art.nvu.edu.eg الملخص : يعد هذا البحث إحدى المقاربات في تحليل الخطاب الجاد (الخطاب القضائي) من منظور الحجاج البلاغي؛ إذ إنه يدرس مدى قدرة الآليات البلاغية الترکيبية، والبيانية، والإيقاعية على تحقيق الحجاج عن طريق التأثير والاستمالة، والإثبات والاستدلال، ومن ثم تحقيق الإقناع بما خطط له الخطاب من غايات وأهداف. ويهدف البحث إلى استظهار البعد الحجاجي للبلاغة العربية، وبيان مدى قدرتها على تجاوز إنتاج الخطاب الخطابي (الاحتفالي) إلى إنتاج خطابات جادة تستند في المحاججة لقضاياها على التقنيات البلاغية التي تمثل استراتيجيات ناجحة في تحقيق غايات وأهداف الخطاب. وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث حاول رصد بعض مظاهر وتقنيات الحجاج البلاغي في الخطاب القضائي عن طريق تحليله لکيفية اشتغال الحجاج بالاستعارة والسؤال، والإيقاع، في تحقيق فعل الإقناع في بعض المرافعات القضائية. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث: - بيان الدور الذي اضطلعت به البلاغة في إنتاج خطاب قضائي ناجح. -مثلت الاستعارة تقنية حجاجية وبنية إقناعية في معمارية الخطاب القضائي تبلورت بموجبها بعض الأدلة التي اقتضاها سياق الخطاب. - مثل أسلوب السؤال تقنية حجاجية مهمة في الخطاب القضائي کرست بشکل واضح لإدانة المتهم في سياق الاتهام. -شکل الإيقاع - في الخطاب القضائي- وسيلة مکرسة بقـوة من أجل تحقيق التأثير والاستمالة على المستوى العاطفي (الباتوس Pathos) الذي يعنى بکل ما له صلة بنوازع المخاطبين (سيکولوجية المتلقي). الکلمات المفتاحية: الخطاب القضائي، الحجاج البلاغي، الاستعارة، حجاجية السؤال، الإيقاع. Employing the Techniques of Rhetorical Argumentation in The Judicial Discourse An Approach to Serious Discourse Analysis Saad Mohammed Abdel-Ghaffar Yousef Department of Arabic Language, Faculty of Arts, New Valley University, Alkhargah, Egypt. Email: saadyousef@art.nvu.edu.eg Abstract: The present study is an approach to analyze serious discourse (Judicial discourse) from the perspective of rhetorical argumentation. It examines the extent to which the structural, rhetorical mechanisms and the rhythmic rhetorical mechanisms are able to achieve arguments by influencing and coaxing, and by proof and inference. This in turn achieves persuasion of the goals and objectives planned by the discourse. The study aims to spotlight the argumentative dimension of Arabic rhetoric, and to show the extent of its ability to transcend the production of rhetorical (ceremonial) discourse to produce serious discourses. The argumentation of these serious discourses is based on rhetorical techniques that are considered successful strategies in achieving the goals and objectives of the discourse. The study adopts a descriptive analytical approach. It tries to observe some aspects and techniques of rhetorical arguments in the Judicial discourse by analyzing how arguments influence others through the use of metaphor, question, and rhythm, so as to achieve the act of persuasion in some legal proceedings. Among the most important conclusions of the study: -The role played by rhetoric in producing a successful judicial discourse is highlighted. Metaphors are argumentative techniques and persuasive structures in the architecture of judicial discourse. Using metaphors crystallizes some of the evidence required by the context of the discourse.The questioning method represents an important argumentative technique in the judicial discourse, clearly devoted to convicting the accused in the context of the accusation. -Rhythm - in the judicial discourse - is a means strongly devoted to achieve influence and coaxing on the emotional level (pathos), that is concerned with everything related to the inclinations of the addressees (the psychology of the recipient). Keywords: Judicial discourse, Rhetorical argumentation, Metaphor, Argumentation of the question, Rhythm.

Income Support in an Eco-Social State: The Case for Participation Income

Contemporary models of welfare capitalism have frequently been critiqued about their fit-for-purpose in provisioning for people’s basic needs including care, and longer-term ecological sustainability. The Covid-19 pandemic has also exposed the need for better institutions and a new welfare architecture. We argue a post-productivist eco-social state can deliver sustainable well-being and meet basic needs. Arguing Universal Basic Services are an essential building block and prerequisite for a de-commodified welfare state, we focus on examining the form of income support that might best complement UBS. The article develops, from the perspective of feminist arguments and the capabilities approach, a case for Participation Income. This, we argue, can be aligned with targeted policy goals, particularly reward for and redistribution of human and ecological care or reproduction and other forms of socially valued participation. It may also, in the short term, be more administratively practical and politically feasible than universal basic income.

Perspective of Arguments in Public Health

Recently, an argument was put forth because a symptomatic and positive patient for CoVID-19 turned tested negative after 7 days, so discharged from the hospital. Both at the time of admission and discharge real-time reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was done for testing of CoVID-19. Immediately, patient again developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to hospital again. Amidst of current CoVID-19 pandemic, a question was asked “What is the specificity of the Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19?” with an assumption that what if at the time of discharge the disease is present in patient but test turned out to be negative? In response to that a counter statement was posed that “It is the sensitivity that should be asked rather than specificity”. It was based on the implication of primary question that was implying false negative report of the RT-PCR. It means, since patient was discharged with negative result that could be false negative.