Situated Perspective Research Articles

Self-Efficacy and Optimism as Mediators of Perceived Stress in Adolescence

The perceived stress of the adolescents in their daily lives gives valuable information regarding their attitude when encountering difficulties. Similarly, it provides insights on their level of contentment with their own lives. In this particular context, an array of resources which would allow them to cope with new situations that are inevitably caused by their development, becomes crucial. This current research analyses the extent to which attitudes of self-efficacy and optimism influence teenagers’ thoughts and coping methods with the unpredicted and stressful events that life can bring to their daily routine (Jerusalem & Mittag, 1995). In order to get an understanding in depth of the research topic, a sample of 525 Romanian students including 186 boys (35,4%) and 339 girls (64,6%) aged between 15 to 18 years old (average age = 16; SD = 1,04) were selected for the purpose of this study. The researcher’s hypothesis was based on the assumption that participants who demonstrate high levels of self-efficacy and optimism tend to evaluate problems as being less stressful while compared to those who scored lower percentages on these two attitudes. A quantitative methodology has been chosen to collect the data through the use of questionnaires including: the Problem Questionnaire (PQ), developed by Inge Seiffge-Krenke, the General Self- Efficacy Scale (GSE) by Jerusalem and Schwartzer (1992) and the Life Orientation Test-Revised developed by Carver and Scheier. The results show that self-efficacy, the optimism level and resilience have a positive impact on how tasks are dealt with. Teenagers with strong attitudes of self-efficacy perceive themselves as being more capable of overcoming difficulties. They have a more optimistic perspective of situations, and they also tend to interpret life obstacles as challenges rather than threats, therefore focusing more on opportunities. On the other side, teenagers who scored low percentages on the self-efficacy and optimism analysis, seem to worry more and feel less proficient and capable when facing various tasks or stressful situations.

Resilience in the food sector – environmental, social and economic perspectives in crisis situations

Environmental, social and economic perspectives, derived from the sustainability approach and present within by the resilience concept, are integral parts of food systems. At the same time they are clearly articulated within the EU farm-to-fork (F2F) strategy referring to building up resilience to possible future crises as diseases and pandemics. The aim of this paper is to investigate resilience in the food sector referring to its selected environmental, social and economic dimensions, which in fact rely on each other and cannot be separated, simply because of the character of food system itself (work with living organisms, soil, within natural environment, etc. done by people for business purposes). The issue of resilience in the food sector must be considered multidimensionally. In this approach, the basic direction of activities should be the one focused on the resilience approach, both in environmental protection and society. For a harmonious combination of these activities, it is also necessary to look at economic perspective of food system and entire rural livelihoods (e.g. income and employment diversification). Considering the last shocks discussed (COVID-19, war in Ukraine, drought, embargo on grain exports from Russia, rising inflation), a difficult situation on the food market can be expected in the nearest future, which makes the concept of resilience in the food sector even more relevant than it has been so far.

Fortification from Environmental Pollution: The Insinuation from Islamic Teachings in Contemporary Epoch

Scientific and technological developments have served a lot for the benefits of the Mankind in this universe however these developments have created many problems too. Environmental pollution is on the top of those problems which is a major threat for the survival of Mankind. Allah Almighty has designated the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet a complete guidance and a perfect role model for the whole world till the day of judgment. That is why, the Muslim society always try to find solutions for their problems from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet. In this article the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet for combating and tackling these issues have been discussed and the significance of the Sīrah has been focused especially upon Pakistani society has been described. In the perspective of the current situation faced by our country, it is quite necessary for our society to attain the light from the teachings of the Holy Prophet to solve these issues and problems and to protect our environments from these harmful elements and belongings.

Enhancing trainee clinical scientists' self‐regulated learning in the workplace

BackgroundTrainee health professionals must be competent self‐regulated learners, particularly when learning in busy, unpredictable clinical settings. Whilst research indicates self‐regulated learning (SRL) is influenced both by learners' individual actions and their interactions with others, how these combine to foster SRL requires further exploration. We have used Zimmerman's learner‐focused SRL model and the situative perspective of communities of practice (CoPs) to investigate how UK trainee clinical scientists regulate their learning. Our aims were to develop a holistic understanding of SRL in the clinical workplace incorporating both individual and social aspects and to suggest ways of maximising learning for trainee clinical scientists and other health professionals.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 trainees on the Scientist Training Programme. Transcripts were analysed both inductively and deductively (abductively) using Zimmerman's model and CoPs to explore how trainees regulate their learning.ResultsThematic analysis yielded four themes: approach to learning, engagement and execution of tasks in practice; self‐reflection and reaction; and autonomy and role construction. Themes linked concepts from Zimmerman's model and CoPs, as illustrated by our trainee–workplace congruence model. Our model suggests optimal conditions for SRL, and we highlight the importance of trainers in supporting trainee development.ConclusionsOur trainee–workplace congruence model links concepts from Zimmerman's model and CoPs to provide a framework for understanding how trainee clinical scientists regulate their learning and navigate its social aspects. Whilst trainees must take responsibility for their learning, trainers can facilitate SRL through attention to trainee‐workplace ‘fit’ and encouraging trainee participation in communities of practice.

Relationship Between Effectuation/Causation and New Venture Performance: A Situational Perspective

Although some studies have addressed circumstances under which effectual or causal actions yield better venture performance, until now, there are still unanswered questions about whether entrepreneurs can cognitively recognize when effectual/causal actions are likely to yield better performance and execute them. In this research, we utilize a contingency theory lens to address this question for different levels of product/service disruptiveness. Based on a sample of 200 entrepreneurs in Canada, we study the effect of openness to change and ambition on the ventures’ capability of choosing and fulfilling the best course of action (effectuation vs causation) at different levels of product/service disruptiveness.

Characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Influencing Meteorological Conditions in Beijing

PM2.5 and PM10 in the atmosphere seriously affect human health and air quality, a situation which has aroused widespread concern. In this paper, we analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from 2016 to 2021 based on real-time monitoring data. In addition, we also explore the influence of meteorological conditions on pollutants. The results show that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are similarly distribution in temporal and spatial from 2016 to 2021, and the average concentrations of both show a decreasing trend. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 is decreasing, indicating that the proportion of fine particles is declining. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are higher in spring and winter, but lower in summer. Spatially, it shows a gradual shift from the characteristic of “high in the south and low in the north” to a uniform homogenization across districts. The spatial distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations is synchronous by applying empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The first EOF pattern exhibits a consistent characteristic of high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The second pattern EOF reflects the effect of impairing PM2.5 concentrations in the southeast during the winter of 2016–2018. The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are significantly negatively correlated with wind speed and precipitation in both spring and winter. On the other hand, from the perspective of the circulation situation, the southeasterly and weak westerly wind in spring produce convergence resulting in higher particulate matter concentrations in the south than in the north in Beijing. The westerly wind is flatter at 700 hPa geopotential height, which is conducive to the formation of stationary weather. The vertical direction of airflow in spring and winter is dominated by convergence and sinking, indicating the weak dispersion ability of the atmosphere. The reason for the accumulation of particulate matter at the surface is investigated, which is beneficial to provide the theoretical basis for air quality management and pollution control in Beijing.

Komunikasi Interpersonal

Interpersonal communication is communication between people face to face, each person involved in the communication influences the perception of the other person's communication. This special form of interpersonal communication is dyadic communication. DeVito argues that interpersonal communication is communication that occurs between two people who have a clear relationship, who are connected in some way. The situational perspective says that interpersonal communication specifically observes the interaction of two people who communicate verbally and nonverbally at the same time. interpersonal communication also has a fast feedback rate.

Military-patriotic education of higher education students in the process of physical culture and mass work

The article considers aspects of military-patriotic education of graduates in the process of physical culture and mass work. It is emphasized that the researched scientific problem is primarily due to the fact that in Ukrainian society there is a need to form a self-sufficient, purposeful, determined, healthy person who is able to participate in socially significant life, ready for physical and spiritual stability, protection of the Motherland. is aware of its role in the life of the state. The article reveals the content of military-patriotic education of higher education students in the process of physical culture and mass work, which involved the use of a set of components such as: use of traditional, new and updated content of physical education classes on military-patriotic education by military sports games; application of a combination of effective educational methods; realization of certain pedagogical conditions of military-patriotic education; observance of certain components (knowledge of patriotism and military-patriotic upbringing, desire to show military-patriotic upbringing, readiness to show military- patriotic upbringing ", ability to show patriotism and military-patriotic upbringing in behavior) and relevant indicators of military- patriotic upbringing. The effectiveness of the use of such methods of educational work as: conversations and discussions with applicants for higher education, physical education teachers, coaches of sports sections; method of intellectual games and personal example; persuasion, explanation, assignment, interpersonal dialogue; watching and discussing military-patriotic videos; method of positive perspective and creation of situations of success, encouragement. The effectiveness of physical culture and mass work in the context of military-patriotic education of higher education students is clarified.

Scientometric Analysis of the Relationship between Expenditure on Defence and Economic Growth: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

ABSTRACT This article aims to identify the main studies that research the relationship between defence spending and economic growth in a region, carried out on a large sample of 162 articles obtained from the Web of Science database, published between 1995 and 2019. By carrying out three analyses, descriptive, scientometric and content, the results have made it possible to identify the most outstanding characteristics of this relationship along with the main schools of thought. Furthermore, these can be grouped into one of the four proposed categories: positive relationship, negative, bidirectional or no relation at all. The state of the art has been evaluated and synthesized, establishing trends and areas for future research in this broad field.

A Study on the Transnational Spillover Effects of Bank Risk and Sovereign Risk-From the Perspective of COVID-19 Epidemic Situation.

In recent years, the world economy and the global financial system have closely intertwined, deepened economic and financial integration via cross-border investments, financings, imports, and exports. Since banks serve as the core of a country's financial system, the risk status of banks directly affects the country's national credit and financial security. The current complexities of the international and domestic environments are increasing geopolitical risks. Moreover, there is increasing uncertainty recognition in the financial and economic development of all countries, more systemic banking risks, and sovereign risk transfer elements. In this scenario, resisting external risk input is essential to enhance risk prevention ability. Therefore, this paper adopted the VAR-based time domain and frequency model for a multi-dimensional analysis of the two perspectives of banking and sovereign risk spillover effects. The empirical results indicate that the entire sample under the static overflow effect always shows that most of the absorption is the banking sector risk, and sovereign risk is the leading risk spillover. In the frequency domain perspective, the short-term spillover effects between bank and sovereign risk are dominant. Moreover, in relation to the outbreak and continuous spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the spillover effects are often dominated by adverse, long-term scenarios.

Analysis of Social Support as an Argument for the Sustainable Construction of the European Community Space

Cohesion policy is a constant and central area of interest across the European Union. The development and success of European society depends on the social and economic cohesion at the level of all member states. Starting from this assumption, our study will focus on the interdependence between social cohesion and social support, the latter being interpreted and analysed as a means whereby social cohesion may be achieved. Thus, understanding the manifestations of community cohesion at the level of the European communities is an essential element in this investigation, while its main purpose is to build an explanatory model for interpreting social support. Based on such a framework, social cohesion may be analysed and understood. The following measurement scales will be applied to the analysis of social support: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Survey of Recent Life Experiences, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The source of the information is a non-random sample of 1364 respondents. Data processing is based on the implementation of structural equation modelling (SEM) in order to explore the key factors that influence the perception of social support. As mentioned previously, we plan to build an explanatory model that links the perception of social support with life satisfaction and the disturbing factors that are the outcome of life experiences. A set of comparisons is also made using the independent t test and one-way ANOVA. The perception of social support is interpreted from the perspective of the occupational situation, the age category, the educational level and the marital status of respondents. The variables included in the study generally satisfied the goodness of fit indexes in accordance with the recommendations of the literature on SEM models. The conclusions of the study show that social support is at the core of community integration and one of the determinant elements of social cohesion. Everyday life events condition the perception of social support. In turn, the perception of social support acts on life satisfaction. It has been observed that a higher perception of social support may be associated with greater cohesion at the level of communities and also with a more stable social environment. We have identified a determining relationship between the perceived social support and the degree of social cohesion.

The Expression of the Dimensions of Smartness in Cultural Management: The Foundations of the Research

The aim of the research is to substantiate the methodological foundations of empirical research by revealing the concept of the expression of dimensions of smartness in cultural management. The article formulates theoretical construct based on expression of smartness dimensions in cultural management. This construct is formulating by combining cultural management and smart governance concepts and closely linking cultural management with the implementation of cultural policy and seeing the specifics of smart cultural management. The expression of smartness dimensions at culture management model consist of six main dimensions: strategics, creative development, harmonization of interests in the cultural sector, empowered cultural sector parties, harmony of intellectual and technological capital, the culture of shared value creation. Methodology strategy is based on two philosophical approaches by combining induction and deduction which result is abduction approach. Qualitative analysis was performed of theoretical sources of foreign countries and Lithuania. Another part of qualitative research is based on the interviewing chosen respondents to get information about the expression of smartness dimensions at culture management model functioning. There would be chosen about 30 experts (till data saturation) by using quadruple helix. Experts are chosen from government, science, business and nongovernmental organizations’ sphere. Gained results let to form research results conception which consists of three parts: theoretical model, current situation model, perspective situation model. The trajectory of the change from the current situation model to the perspective situation model helps to highlight the areas requiring improvement of the functioning of the cultural field, planned directions (trends) of change.In future research, it is planned to form the indicators for all 6 theoretical dimensions of the expression of smartness dimensions at culture management model. Analysis based on this theoretical model also will be performed at the state level which provide a comprehensive view of the cultural field current situation and hypothetical perspective situation.

Role of GeneXpert in Diagnosis of Covid-19 Among Armed Forces Personnel of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the several countries which have successfully faced the challenge of recent Covid-19 pandemic. After the first emergence of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 virus in China, it rapidly spread over the whole world. From the very beginning of the pandemic, Bangladesh government has taken all sorts of effective measures to save millions of lives. In the perspective of the Covid-19 situations in Bangladesh Armed Forces, AFIP Dhaka Cantonment has still been contributing very successfully to combat this situation. By December 2020, Covid-19 laboratories of AFIP performed 90,495 RT-PCR tests and 15,595 were found positive. Besides RT-PCR tests another very sensitive and rapid method named GeneXpert is being used to provide the Covid-19 test reports within 1 hour. By using this GeneXpert test system AFIP immensely helped the patients who require emergency treatment intervention, for dead bodies requires immediate religious rituals, personnel who needs urgent reports to go overseas and also for VIPs and VVIPs in situations of urgency. For the last 1 year during this pandemic, AFIP has been providing the Covid-19 diagnostic facilities with utmost accuracy and quality of the tests. It is the honour and pride of this renowned and prestigious institution to render its continuous service in the critical period of our nation. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 78-83

Situated Perspectives on The Motivational Trajectories of High School Students Learning English in Rural Vietnam

Despite the growing body of research on the complex and contextually contingent nature of language learning motivation, investigations into the motivation of English language learners in rural areas have remained limited. This study explores the motivational constructions of two high school students learning English in rural Southeast Vietnam from a situated perspective. The students, one female and one male, were in their first year at high school and had relatively low levels of English. Data gathering took approximately one and a half years and was based primarily on interviews drawing on a social practice approach and observations. Findings reveal that students developed diverse motivational trajectories resulting from a synergy of social and idiosyncratic elements pertinent to their own learning conditions, interpersonal relationships, and their agentive appraisals of language affordances and learning opportunities available within and across settings. The longitudinal and situated perspective of this study provides insights into the ways in which students’ appraisals of affordances were shaped and reshaped by on-going interactions with significant others as well as by the sociocultural values permeating their agentive practices.

Situated Perspectives on The Motivational Trajectories of High School Students Learning English in Rural Vietnam

Despite the growing body of research on the complex and contextually contingent nature of language learning motivation, investigations into the motivation of English language learners in rural areas have remained limited. This study explores the motivational constructions of two high school students learning English in rural Southeast Vietnam from a situated perspective. The students, one female and one male, were in their first year at high school and had relatively low levels of English. Data gathering took approximately one and a half years and was based primarily on interviews drawing on a social practice approach and observations. Findings reveal that students developed diverse motivational trajectories resulting from a synergy of social and idiosyncratic elements pertinent to their own learning conditions, interpersonal relationships, and their agentive appraisals of language affordances and learning opportunities available within and across settings. The longitudinal and situated perspective of this study provides insights into the ways in which students’ appraisals of affordances were shaped and reshaped by on-going interactions with significant others as well as by the sociocultural values permeating their agentive practices.

Future of sharing economy and its resilience post pandemic: a study on Indian travel and tourism industry

PurposeTaking a retrospective view, the present study aims to investigate the resilience of shared facilities (accommodation) across India in the post-pandemic period. More specifically, it explores the issues and challenges in implementing sustainable practices in the long run taking a dual perspective of both consumers and service providers.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method study was pursued in exploring the future resilience of the shared facilities in the post-pandemic period. A multi-method triangulation approach was adopted involving both data collection and data analysis. Primary data was collected through focus group sessions and analysed through a grounded theory study. Whereas, secondary data was extracted from Twitter and processed through textual data mining using the NVivo (12 Pro) software. Critical themes and sentiments were explored through the dual study and a corroboration process was followed thereon to support the findings.FindingsThe dual study extracted major themes pertaining to the present pandemic scenario wherein recovery strategies are at the top priority for all tourism service providers. Among the major themes tourists 2019 passiveness towards the environment existing misconceptions with shared facilities and situational perspective emerged as critical issues worrying service providers in the post-pandemic period. Furthermore the sentiment analysis indicated a positive start to the recovery measures wherein both tourist and tour operators are confident to embrace and restore the shared facilities/business respectively with additional care and responsibilities.Originality/valueThe novelty of the study lies in the identification of critical themes and sentiments concerning the future resilience of the shared economy businesses post-pandemic period in Indian tourism which can have a generalized effect across the world. Moreover, the study corroborated the findings of the dual study where similarities among the themes were observed.

Braiding knowledges of braided rivers – the need for place‐based perspectives and lived experience in the science of landscapes

AbstractThe compounding societal and environmental crises of the Anthropocene necessitate a more holistic, critical and systems understanding of our relationship to and with the earth surface. We are now aware that every landscape is touched by man, a mosaic of recorded artifacts of historical human activity. These effects emerge from distinct perspectives that require global, local, and complex frameworks of inquiry. In order to address the braided realities of this age, geomorphologists need to embrace diverse ways of knowing, most especially indigenous, local and place‐based knowledges of landscapes and our role in shaping them. We need to examine how a singular, objective standpoint in the scientific process privileges determinism over other ways of seeing and being. In this commentary, I argue that the discipline of geomorphology as it is commonly practiced in the Global North is ill‐suited to address the crises of the Anthropocene. In order to reorient the discipline towards a more ethical and societally‐relevant role, we need to seek and integrate place‐based, local and situated perspectives into the scientific work of understanding the landscapes we are working in, particularly as so many of the communities most impacted by these changing landscapes are the least involved in guiding our scientific efforts and outcomes.

Professional development partnership between urban middle school science teachers and informal science institutions

ABSTRACT Background This study explored science teachers’ participation in a professional development partnership with informal science institutions (ISIs) designed for urban middle school science teachers, known as the Urban Advantage Science Initiative. The teacher training involved a whole school focused approach, providing teaching strategies, collaborative situated experiences, and specific classroom resources for implementing and guiding science explorations both at ISIs and in the formal classroom. The conceptual framework for the study incorporated a situated perspective model with situated, social, and distributed cognition. Purpose This long-term situated learning model engaged teachers in over 100 hours of training over five years, with an option to continue in select educational activities in subsequent years. Training was held at eight ISIs in New York City. The purpose of the study was to analyze impacts on teachers’ pedagogical philosophies and practices. Sample The ways teachers translated program principles into their practice was investigated through interviews with nine teachers and three administrators (N = 12) to provide broadened perspectives. The teacher sample was drawn from a larger group of 253 teachers with at least four years of experience in the program. Design/Methods The data of this phenomenological qualitative study were examined and integrated with the a priori conceptual framework to create an emergent explanatory framework for changing pedagogical practice and teacher motivation through a schoolwide professional development partnership with ISIs. This framework included two major components: 1) improved teacher motivation, and 2) pedagogical change. Results Teacher motivation was heightened because of their situated learning experiences at ISIs, the positive changes in their science pedagogy, and their involvement in a professional community of like-minded science educators. Conclusion As a result of this whole-school focused program that included specific roles for teachers and administrators, the long term, sustained ISI-based professional development model improved teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions of science teaching practices.

Language Teacher Identity Construction: Reflective Conversation

ABSTRACT Language teacher identity (LTI) plays a significant role at various stages of a professional career. Yet, teacher preparation programs address LTI differently. The Certificate of English Language Teaching to Adults (CELTA) is the most widely recognized initial qualification. Examining how LTI is constructed during and after the acquisition of the CELTA is needed to expand understanding of the LTI knowledge base associated with these programs and the complex nature of LTI in general. Framed within situated learning perspective, this longitudinal study conceptualizes LTI as an interplay between language teacher cognition and teacher learning. It aims to advance LTI research by utilizing the reflective conversation heuristic to examine the LTI construction of a novice teacher during and after the CELTA. Findings reveal changes at the three levels of the reflective conversation heuristic and point to the utility of the heuristic as a novel approach to supporting identity construction.

Discussion on the Fusion Development of Enterprise Management Accounting and Financial Accounting from the Perspective of New Situation

Discussion on the Fusion Development of Enterprise Management Accounting and Financial Accounting from the Perspective of New Situation