Perspective Directions Research Articles

Paradox in the research of gestational diabetes mellitus and twin pregnancies: Perspective and future directions.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is well known to be associated with fetal overgrowth and short- or long-term adverse outcomes in singleton pregnancies; however, its relationship with twin pregnancies remains controversial, posing challenges for clinical management. Despite the heterogeneity in GDM diagnosis and racial differences among populations, two critical issues remain unaddressed. The first issue is methodological, specifically whether data on twins have been analyzed using appropriate approaches. The second issue is the underlying pathophysiology'. Given that both glucose demand and insulin resistance are elevated in twin pregnancies, the optimal level of maternal insulin secretion remains uncertain. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on GDM in the context of twin pregnancies, their perinatal outcomes, glucose control, and gestational weight gain management. We then propose methodological considerations for future improvements. Ultimately, we underscore the importance of delving into the glucose requirements of twin pregnancies to gain a profound understanding of their gestational glucose and insulin metabolism. All these questions are key issues in this area, and by answering them we will accelerate the development of high-quality, evidence-based clinical guidelines for GDM management in twin pregnancies.

The Sheep and Goat Sector in Romania: Economic Perspectives and Development Directions

The Sheep and Goat Sector in Romania: Economic Perspectives and Development Directions

Cerebrovascular markers of WMH and infarcts in ADNI: A historical perspective and future directions.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and infarcts found on magnetic resonance imaging (MR infarcts) are common biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the methods, publications, and conclusions stemming from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) related to these measures. We combine analysis of WMH and MR infarct data from across the three main ADNI cohorts with a review of existing literature discussing new methodologies and scientific findings derived from these data. Although ADNI inclusion criteria were designed to minimize vascular risk factors and disease, data across all the ADNI cohorts found consistent trends of increasing WMH volumes associated with advancing age, female sex, and cognitive impairment. ADNI, initially proposed as a study to investigate biomarkers of AD pathology, has also helped elucidate the impact of asymptomatic cerebrovascular brain injury on cognition within a cohort relatively free of vascular disease. Future ADNI work will emphasize additional vascular biomarkers. HIGHLIGHTS: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are common to advancing age and likely reflect brain vascular injury among older individuals. WMH and to a lesser extent, magnetic resonance (MR) infarcts, affect risk for transition to cognitive impairment. WMHs and MR infarcts are present, even among Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants highly selected to have Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the primary pathology. WMH burden in ADNI is greater among individuals with cognitive impairment and has been associated with AD neurodegenerative markers and cerebral amyloidosis. The negative additive effects of cerebrovascular disease appear present, even in select populations, and future biomarker work needs to further explore this relationship.

Structural epilepsy: current state of the problem

This review emphasizes modern conceptions in the fundamental and clinical aspects of structural epilepsy. Highly informative neuroimaging, electrophysiological and pathomorphological diagnostic methods contribution to the study of this problem is noted. Current understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of the most common types of drug resistant epilepsy are presented: hippocampal sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia and their surgical correction methods. We considered perspective directions of fundamental clinical and experimental research, focusing on the study of epileptogenesis mechanisms and developing effective methods for prevention and treatment.

Revealing the Peculiarities of Female Students’ Physiological Characteristics with Different Somatotypes in the Absence of Compulsory Physical Activity at University

Objectives. The purpose of the study was to determine the parameters of female students’ physiological characteristics with different somatotypes, which they achieved by exercising outside the university due to COVID-19 quarantine and air raids during the hostilities in Ukraine. Material and methods. The study involved 66 female students aged 17.8 ± 0.6 years, who belonged to different somatotypes and had no reservations about engaging in different amounts of physical activity. The Shtefko-Ostrovsky method, modified by S. Darskaja, was used to diagnose the somatotype. The necessary empirical data were obtained through the performing well-known functional tests that allowed to determine blood pressure, heart rate in different situations, vital capacity, vital capacity index, maximum isometric strength index, and Robinson index. The parameters of these characteristics were determined in female students with each of the four available somatotypes during the study, and each parameter was compared with different somatotypes. The testing was conducted at the beginning (January) and at the end (May-June) of the academic semester, but during one academic year. Results. At the beginning, and even more so at the end of the academic year, the parameters of the studied characteristics in female students with each of the available somatotypes differed from each other (p-values ranging at the level from 0.05 to 0.000). The volumes and conditions of physical activity used during the academic year did not lead to significant changes in the physiological characteristics of all female students, i.e. parameters remained at the previously achieved level. At the same time, the presence of peculiarities caused by the girl’s belonging to a certain somatotype was observed. Conclusions. Identifying the peculiarities in changes of female students’ physiological characteristics’ parameters, taking into account their somatotypes, is a perspective and significant direction for modernization of physical education at university. The obtained data will contribute to the individualization of the content and normative bases of physical education for female students, using information on the manifestation and change of parameters of various characteristics, including physiological ones.

ӨСІРІЛГЕН ТАРЫ ҚОСА ОТЫРЫП, МАЙСЫЗ ЕШКІ СҮТІНЕН ӘЗІРЛЕНГЕН ФЕРМЕНТТЕЛГЕН СУСЫНДАРДЫҢ ФИЗИКОХИМИЯЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ ОРГАНОЛЕПТИКАЛЫҚ КӨРСЕТКІШТЕРІН ЗЕРТТЕУ

This article presents a physico-chemical analysis of the milk of breeding goats of the "Zaanen" and "local" breeds. Organoleptic and physico-chemical studies of a new fermented drink with vegetable additives based on skimmed goat's milk have been carried out. Research data indicate the nutritional value of a fermented milk drink with good organoleptic properties. The combination of a dairy basis to vegetative additives is a perspective direction as requirements of a functional food are answered to the greatest degree with fermented products on the basis of raw materials of a plant origin.

Research on intelligent building decoration design and user experience based on VR technology

The continuous development of virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in all walks of life, bringing unprecedented design possibilities and user experience improvement to the field of architectural decoration design. This paper aims to explore how to use VR technology for intelligent building decoration design and evaluate its impact on user experience through empirical research. Firstly, through the review of relevant literature at home and abroad, the application status and development trend of VR technology in architectural decoration design is sorted out. Then, the design process and implementation scheme based on VR technology are introduced in detail, and the design framework suitable for different application scenarios is constructed. Then, through the design of the user experience evaluation index system, using the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the intelligent decoration design scheme based on VR technology is systematically evaluated. Finally, select a typical case for in-depth analysis, show the application effect of VR technology in actual projects, and summarize the feedback of users. The research results show that the intelligent building decoration design based on VR technology can not only improve the design efficiency and quality but also significantly enhance the user's sense of immersion and satisfaction, providing a new perspective and development direction for future architectural design. In addition, this paper also points out the challenges in this field and the possible research directions in the future, which provides a valuable reference for subsequent scholars.

Prevalence and perspective directions for correction of behavioral risk factors of cardiovascular diseases associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity in young people

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. According to statistics from the American Heart Association (AHA), the prevalence of CVD among young people aged 20–39 years varies: 14.2% men, 9.7% women. Behavioral risk factors for CVD, in other words those related to lifestyle, include sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, overweight and obesity, and depression. These risk factors are modifiable and therefore there is great potential for reducing CVD risk through primary or secondary prevention. Young people are the most perspective group for primary prevention, since young people may be more susceptible to information influence. In addition to young people's awareness of CVD risk factors, the initial level of young people's readiness to make lifestyle changes plays a key role in reducing the risk of developing CVD.

RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF STATE BORDER GUARD SERVICE ASSETS IN COOPERATION WITH THE SECURITY AND DEFENCE FORCES OF UKRAINE

The article analyses the border guard scholars’ views on the algorithmisation and procedure for the use of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine’s assets, as well as the organisation of interaction with the security and defence forces to counteract enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the state border. The article reviews the scientific works on possible options for the use of state border guard units of the state border guard bodies while performing tasks related to state border protection and defence. It is established that the protection of the state border of Ukraine under current conditions is carried out under the legal regime of martial law. The war is ongoing in the East of Ukraine, and the rest of the country has seen a deterioration in the crime situation, and therefore the border guard detachment headquarters must be constantly prepared to work in such circumstances and, particularly, be ready to counteract the enemy’s sabotage and reconnaissance activities. Based on the above, we have identified a number of recommendations for the border guard detachment’s headquarters to organise special measures to search for and eliminate enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups and to involve the defence forces in these actions. Taking into account the latest risks and threats arising on the state border of Ukraine, as well as the approval of the “Military Security Strategy of Ukrain” perspective directions for further work improvement on ensuring reliable protection and defence of the state border of Ukraine and countering enemy sabotage and reconnaissance groups on the state border are outlined, which can be reflected in the development of a wide range of algorithms for the actions of the head of the state border guard body, for localising situations of various genesis, as well as organizing interaction with units from the security and defence forces of Ukraine.

Theoretical approaches to the reproduction of the fixed assets of industrial enterprises

The process of reproduction of fixed assets is of great significance to industrial enterprises. Currently, scientific literature contains various viewpoints on the definition of the categories of “fixed assets” and “reproduction”. Moreover, the peculiarities of the stages of reproduction cycle in the industrial sphere are not disclosed in proper detail. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize theoretical approaches to the content of the conceptual apparatus of the problem of reproduction of fixed assets with the consideration of the specificity of the stages of the process at the industrial enterprises. The object of the study is the process of reproduction of fixed assets of industrial enterprises. The research is based on the combination of general scientific and special methods which were applied to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the research results. During the research the authors used methods of comparative analysis, generalization, systematization, analysis and synthesis, and grouping. As the result of theoretical overview of the categories of “fixed assets”, “reproduction”, “reproduction of fixed assets” the authors suggest the definition of the “reproduction of fixed assets of industrial enterprises” concept which is connected with the basic peculiarities of the stages of the reproduction cycle and the ways of their implementation at the industrial enterprises. Comprehension of the basic characteristics of fixed assets and the mechanism of their reproduction are crucial for making managerial decisions which is especially important for planning production processes in the conditions of reindustrialization, import substitution and growing sanction pressure on the Russian economy. A perspective direction for further studies is development of detailed recommendations on realization of the stages of the reproduction cycle at the industrial enterprises under the current conditions.

Principles of rye breeding for low content of water-soluble pentosans in grain

Winter rye is the second cereal crop after wheat. Rye exceeds other cereals in terms of nutritional value due to the high content of lysine, methionine, valine, as well as the balance of other essential amino acids in its protein. The direct use of baking rye grain as an animal feed is limited by the presence of water-soluble pentosans (arabinoxylans) in it. Therefore, the creation of low-pentosan rye with highly nutritious grain is a very perspective direction in the grain feed cultivar breeding. Under the leadership and with direct participation of Vladimir D. Kobylyansky, a technology for breeding multiple-use low-pentosan rye was worked out at the N.I. Vavilov VIR in 2004-2021. A relationship between the low pentosan content and grain coat thinness has been revealed. For the first time, an effective method of low-pentosan genotypes identification by selecting thin-coat grains has been developed. This method was used to study 562 accessions from the VIR collection represented by cultivar populations, weedy and wild rye. It has been established that the number of thin-coat grains in a sample varies from 12 to 70%, depending on the accession. Varieties with the highest frequencies of low-pentosan genotypes can be used as initial material for breeding. The dependence of low content of water-soluble pentosans in grains on the expression of recessive alleles of the gene/genes responsible for the manifestation of the trait has been revealed. To create grain feed cultivars, it is proposed to use the method of cumulative intrapopulation crosses and the method of pairwise cross-pollinations of the plants with indicator ears. As a result, new cultivar populations of low-pentosan rye for universal use have been created, namely ‘Vavilovskayaʼ, ‘Bereginyaʼ, ‘Podarokʼ, ‘Yantarnayaʼ, ‘Krasnoyarskaya Universalnayaʼ, ‘Novaya Eraʼ, and ‘Argaʼ. These cultivars are characterized by a low, as in wheat, genetically determined content of pentosans. They have been evaluated in the main rye growing regions, tested as raw material for fodder production and bread baking, and found to match the previously released commercial (bread) cultivars in terms of yield. The baking properties of new cultivars do not exceed those of bread rye. The use of low-pentosan cultivars in animal diets eliminates the problem that exists when feeding them with bread rye grain. These cultivars have no analogs in the world; they are listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage (2023).

The Rise of Multivalent Metal–Sulfur Batteries: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

AbstractAs the “star of hope” for the next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) face severe challenges such as reserves, costs, and safety, which seriously restrict their practical application. Alternatively, research on multivalent metals (e.g., Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, etc.) as anodes, characterized by less reactivity and higher natural abundance, is gaining increasing attention and urgent demand. However, metal–sulfur (M–S) battery technology based on multivalent metal anodes is still in its infancy and not yet mature for practical application. This review provides insights into the challenges and prospects of multivalent M–S batteries, covering fundamental mechanisms, key issues, response strategies, and the latest advancements in flexible/micro energy storage devices. Furthermore, a general perspective and future research directions are also presented in this review. This review aims to explore opportunities for emerging multivalent M–S batteries and support the development of next‐generation high‐energy‐density energy storage systems.

Perspective Directions of Improvement of Antitrust Provisions of the Trade Law and Certain Related Rules of Trade Activities

The article is devoted to the consideration of promising areas of improvement of antimonopoly antitrust provisions of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Trade Activities in the Russian Federation” of December 28, 2009 № 381-FZ, as well as a number of other related rules of trade activities. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors conclude that despite the presence in the legislation of special antimonopoly requirements for retail chains and suppliers of food products, indicating the special attention of the legislator to the issues of ensuring legality in food markets, it is advisable to make a number of amendments to certain provisions of the relevant legal norms. Also, taking into account the changes observed in the retail trade markets in recent years, the authors note that the next stage in the evolution of antimonopoly requirements in the sphere of trade may be the legislative regulation of the rules of trade via the Internet.

Routes to Avoiding Chlorine Evolution in Seawater Electrolysis: Recent Perspective and Future Directions

Routes to Avoiding Chlorine Evolution in Seawater Electrolysis: Recent Perspective and Future Directions

Adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy for hereditary diseases: current problems of application and approaches to solve them

INTRODICTION. Currently, gene therapy based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors faces a number of barriers, both biomedical and technological, which require studying and overcoming for further development of this gene therapy technology.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the use of gene therapy for a range of hereditary diseases, taking into account the barriers associated with its side effects and insufficient efficacy, the determination of the therapeutic window, and individual characteristics relevant to a particular hereditary disease; additionally, the study aimed to review the approaches to lifting these barriers and increasing the availability of gene therapy through the improvement of technological approaches to production and the reduction of production costs.DISCUSSION. The authors reviewed the experience accumulated for gene therapy products that were approved or undergoing clinical trials. The study included a gene therapy applicability assessment using several hereditary diseases as a case study. The assessment showed that correct determination of the therapeutic window for a medicinal product and timely diagnosis of a hereditary disease were essential for effective and safe gene therapy. The study considered the strategies used to reduce the risks of adverse events and increase the effectiveness of AAVbased gene therapy. The authors assessed technological advancements in the manufacturing of AAV-based gene therapy products. The most perspective directions were the transition to suspension culture systems, the improvement of bioreactors, the use of new methods and materials for the purification of viral particles, the improvement of transfection systems, and the creation of new host cell lines. Ultimately, this can lead to lower production costs and an increased availability of gene therapy.CONCLUSION. Currently, gene therapy is used only for a small range of hereditary diseases. Significant barriers to its use are due to insufficient efficacy, risks of adverse events, and high costs for treatment. Ongoing biomedical and technological development should lift many of these barriers and increase access to gene therapy.

Риск-ориентированный анализ безопасности и защищенности промышленных объектов на основе характеристик прочности и ресурса

The concept of computation and experimental determination of safety and protectability of industrial facilities on parameters of risk of initiation of refusals, accidents and disasters taking into account possibility of regular and emergency situations is considered. The scientifically substantiated, normalized and controlled parameters of risks estimated by criteria of strength, life-time and survivability are its basis. Risks at the same time are estimated on probabilities of initiation of emergency situations and losses accompanying them at their interdependence. It is shown that generally safety is defined by ability of installations not to pass into emergency and catastrophic states with drawing significant damages to the person, a technosphere and environment; the risk is defined by probability of initiation on installation of adverse situations and possible losses from these situations; protectability is defined by ability of installation to resist to initiation and an evolution of adverse situations (refusals, accidents, disasters) in regular and emergency conditions. The new perspective direction for maintenance of conditions of safe service of industrial facilities is that which initially forms the level of their protectability, and this protectability is defined by the formed and acceptable risks. In this case the solution of basic problems of protectability, safety and risk has to be guided surely by the solution of problems of strength, a life-time, survivability in their direct interaction This circumstance is based on a quantitative estimation of conditions of service damages accumulation and on the analysis of conditions of transition from regular to the damaged and limit states of installation taking into account criteria of strength, fatigue life and survivability. The solution of practical problems of maintenance of strength, life-time and safety within of strength, life-time and risk-focused design assumes determination of nominal and local stresses from service loadings in the most loaded zones with use of characteristics of mechanical properties of constructional materials. In the paper it is put and solved the new scientific and almost important problem about risk-focused definition, maintenance, increase and a standartization of complex safety and protectability of technosphere installations by criteria of the acceptable and controlled risks.

Superposition principle of impact on the working environment of actuating elements for site preparation machines

Problem. The analysis of the ripper working elements designs showed that their improvement perspective direction is using vibration and impact actuating elements. They work by the principle of dynamic energy accumulation with its subsequent use. However, there are currently no approaches to determining the tip rational parameters with the dynamic cutting edge. Goal. The main hypothesis formation and justification of the superposition principle impact on the working environment of actuating elements for ripper-pick. Methodology. Analytical methods of studying the soil destruction process by site preparation machines equipped tip with a dynamic cutting edge were used. Results. The presented model that describes the soil destruction process by the tip with the dynamic cutting edge has been developed. It combines the work of static force, determined by the traction parameters of the base machine, and the work of dynamic forces, determined by the physical and mechanical conditions of the soil destruction process. As a result, we obtained an equation for determining the force to overcome soil cutting resistance by the tip with the dynamic cutting edge. Originality. We propose to apply the superposition principle of effecting several factors on the working environment simultaneously in the soil destruction process by ripper-pick, such as static and dynamic load, due to the possibility of energy accumulation with subsequent use. This would create the high-speed power pulse on the cutting edge to ensure the preliminary formation of the compressed zone in the massif, with decreases in the power intensity of the static load for complete separation of the soil element. Practical value. The presented hypothesis will allow the technological basis development of such systems creation and application to develop fundamentally new technical solutions, to create effective, safe and durable working elements.

Atherosclerosis and inflammation: Current therapeutic strategies. A review

Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition that is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. This review explains an up-to-date understanding of the immunological mechanisms of atherogenesis and biomarkers of inflammation, as well as available treatments for low-intensity chronic inflammation. Information is provided on the perspective directions of anti-inflammatory therapy for atherosclerosis being studied.

FORMATION OF ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE`S INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The article is devoted to the formation of analytical support for the development of an enterprise's investment strategy. The study examines the approaches of scholars to defining the essence of the concept of “investment strategy”. The investment strategy is considered as a long-term plan of investment activity aimed at achieving certain goals by analyzing and selecting the most effective ways to achieve them, taking into account internal and external factors of development. According to the results of the study, the analytical support for the development of an investment strategy is formed, which is represented by a number of absolute and relative financial indicators, as well as an integral indicator of investment potential. Based on the results of the analysis, the downward dynamics of a number of indicators has been identified, the consideration of which is of particular importance in the development of an investment strategy. As a result, it was determined that the enterprise tends to reduce its investment potential, the level of the enterprise's ability to finance new projects from its own sources decreased during the studied period. Participation of the company in grant competitions and attraction of grant funds is considered as a perspective direction of attracting sources of financing for investment projects of Alan LLC

МУЗЫКА КАК СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАРКЕТИНГА

The concept of audio marketing as one of the perspective directions of sensory marketing is opened. Systematization of the main types of an audio marketing used in practical activities by foreign and domestic companies is carried out