Personal Responsibility Research Articles

Considering Company Size, Level of Responsibility, and Employee Age for Analysing Countermeasures against Barriers to Digital Transformation

Digital Transformation (DT) is gaining traction across all industries. Also, it impacts other sectors, such as non-profit and higher education. DT emerges when connectivity technologies merge with physical assets, potentially affecting value-generating processes and value propositions. These changes will improve effectiveness, business models, and customer relationships. However, firms confront several barriers when they embark on their DT journey. Thus, it is essential to understand how the barriers can be tackled by countermeasures. Understanding the qualities of these countermeasures is critical for businesses to overcome barriers. Thus, this current study searches for similarities and differences across socio-demographic categories representing company size (LE, MLE, SME), level of responsibility (executive, with and without personal responsibility), and age (under 30, 31-40, 41-50, above 50). Data from online surveys revealed 1171 participants’ statements. These were used to extract four dimensions and 39 countermeasures. The most prominent countermeasure dimensions are Human and Organisation. The most prominent countermeasures relate to the education of employees in the form of demand-oriented training and benefits and needs of DT. This research adds to identifying similarities across categories and paves the way for greater generalizability of countermeasures.

Exploring the role of communication in effective nurse leadership and patient care.

Nurses have to be aware of their personal responsibility to demonstrate effective leadership and thereby contribute to safe and effective patient care. One of the primary skills that nurses can use to become effective leaders is communication. This article explores how communication is a vital tool in enabling nurse leaders to motivate their team members and advocate for patients. The author details some of the essential communication skills that nurses require if they are to promote person-centred care and explores the often-neglected areas of non-verbal and written communication. By possessing a full range of communication skills, nurses can empower themselves to lead clinical teams and advocate for patients.

Апокалиптическое сознание Ларса фон Триера в антропологии Дома, который построил не Джек

The subject of the study is the concept of the historical hero as a victor of the gods and his role in contemporary Western cultural heritage, with a focus on the reinterpretation of Scandinavian culture in the works of Lars von Trier. The research methodology is based on the analysis of Hollywood’s reception of neo-European rationalism and the ideas of individualism and free will in European culture. The author examines the influence of the implementation of freedom without morality on the exploration of the idea of the Übermensch (superman) and discusses unresolved questions in this context. The research findings highlight the importance of the themes of personal responsibility and freedom in Western culture, as well as the legacy of Scandinavian culture as a source of the manifestation of truths. The conclusions of the study emphasize the relevance and significance of the discussed issues in the contemporary cultural context. The main goal of the research is to identify the consistent stages of Lars von Trier’s apocalyptic consciousness, particularly in the context of resistance to the colonization of art by ontological philosophy and the dominance of Hollywood clichés and political sentiments in the film market. This work conducts a methodological investigation into how Lars von Trier applies the philosophy of images through cinematography as a tool to separate false and immaculate representations of the world, with a focus on the problem of sin in his composition. This work methodologically explores this process and analyzes how it interacts with contemporary culture and cinema. In the context of the scientific novelty of the research, a question arises about Lars von Trier describing himself as a ‘sadistic doctor’ who saves lives but remains, in the eyes of those saved, an antichrist and a criminal in the humanistic world and humanity’s defense of a world different from the existing one. The results of this research can be used to study philosophical anthropology in the field of film studies and visual arts, as well as in related social and humanitarian disciplines, to analyze how this theme interacts with culture and society.

Exploring economic dimensions of social ecological crises: A reply to special issue papers

In this paper I consider various shifts in my research and understanding stimulated by seeking how to combat social ecological crises connected to modern economies. The discussion and critical reflections are structured around five papers that were submitted to Environmental Values in an open call to address my work. A common aspect is the move away from neoclassical environmental economics, and its reductionist monetary valuation, to a more realist theory and multiple methods. This relates to my work on environmental ethics, plural values, stated preference validity and deliberative monetary valuation. Expanding beyond the narrow confines of mainstream orthodoxy has involved exploring a range of other disciplines (e.g. applied philosophy, social psychology, human geography, political science, social anthropology, history of thought and philosophy of science) and learning from this literature to rethink economics and develop social ecological economics. A broad range of subjects are covered here, including: personal responsibility, social practice, psychology of the individual, participatory processes, value (intrinsic, instrumental and relational), Nature–society relationships and interdependencies, critical realism and the conduct of unifying interdisciplinary science. I end with a series of comments concerning the failings of orthodox economics and the conduct of scientific research for social ecological transformation.

The Personality of a Modern Bribetaker

A persistent negative situation in the sphere of corruption in Russia, as well as the enforcement of a new National Anti-corruption Plan for 2021-2024 approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 16, 2021 № 478, the search for new forms and methods of preventing this criminal social phenomenon and of counteracting it gain a special urgency. Experience shows that criminal law measures are not sufficient for counteracting corruption. Due to this, the role of criminology seems especially vital. A comprehensive study of the criminal’s personality will help to improve the effectiveness of preventive work for the category of people under consideration. The goal of the work is to research specific socio-demographic, moral-psychological, role and criminal law characteristics of the personality of a bribetaker in Russia today. The research is based on the analysis of Russian and foreign publications in journals of law and sociology. The empirical part consists in studying the decisions of the courts of general jurisdiction of different subjects of the Russian Federation (from 2018 to 2023) and official statistical information on criminal prosecution under Art. 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Besides, the author carried out a content analysis of electronic mass media on high-profile cases of bribery involving officials at different levels. It was found that, at the present time, a bribetaker in Russia is male (with a growing share of female bribetakers), aged 30-49, a Russian citizen with a higher education, married with underage children, employed by law enforcement or state and municipal bodies. He is described favorably as a responsible, sociable and competent person both at work and in personal life. Key individual psychological features include emotional stability, ability to control and manipulate people, ability to build necessary connections, denial of moral and criminal norms, avarice, tolerance to corruption, thirst for power and a desire to prove himself through illegal actions.

The impact of entrepreneurial hubris and narcissism on personal social responsibility

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurs' hubris and narcissism operating in Tehran's Science and Technology Parks (STPs) on personal social responsibility (PSR). The study employed a cross‐sectional survey method with gender and experience as moderators. Results show that entrepreneurs' narcissism positively affects their social responsibility, while entrepreneurs' hubris negatively affects their social responsibility. Gender moderates the relationship between entrepreneurs' hubris and narcissism on PSR. Our findings suggest that personality traits (i.e., narcissism and hubris) and gender play a more critical role in an entrepreneur's tendency toward social responsibility than experience. Implications for future research and practical applications are discussed.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices Regarding Tuberculosis Among Healthcare Workers and Patients in India: A Mixed-Method Study.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in India. Healthcare workers (HCWs) and TB patients are critical to disease transmission and prevention. This study evaluated and compared knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB infection control. This was a mixed-method study that included a cross-sectional survey conducted among 167 HCWs and 346 patients with TB at tertiary hospitals in western Gujarat using a validated questionnaire. Additionally, 20 HCWs and 20 patients were interviewed to gain qualitative insights. Between-group analyses were performed, and multivariate regressions identified predictors of knowledge and compliance, while thematic analysis explored qualitative insights. A total of 142/167 (85.0%) HCWs had good knowledge, whereas 208/346 (60.1%) patients had good knowledge. A total of 151/167 (90.4%) HCWs had positive attitudes, whereas 242/346 (69.9%) patients had positive attitudes. A total of 159/167 (95.2%) HCWs practiced good preventive behaviors, whereas 225/346 (65.0%) patients did. HCWs demonstrated significantly higher mean knowledge scores (9.2 vs. 7.1, p<0.001) and higher median attitude scores (ranging from 5 with IQR 4-5 to 5 with IQR 5-5) compared to patients (ranging from 4 with IQR 3-5 to 5 with IQR 4-5) across all attitude statements assessed using the Likert scale (p<0.001). Being an HCW was associated with good knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.1), positive attitudes (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.6), and good practices (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8-5.2). The qualitative themes highlighted the need for accessible education, clear communication, adequate resourcing, and personal responsibility. This study identified gaps in TB prevention knowledge and practices among patients compared to those among HCWs in India. Tailored educational initiatives, optimized health communication, improved infrastructure, and accessible messaging can help individuals assimilate appropriate infection control behaviors among healthcare system actors and communities toward ending TB.

Unity of physical and military-patriotic education of pupils of basic and senior schools

The article examines the content of the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of primary and high school students. It is noted that the relevance of the study is due to the need of society for a decisive, self- sufficient, self-confident, responsible personality who is able to participate in public life and is ready to defend Ukraine with arms. It is noted that general secondary education institutions do not pay enough attention to the physical and military-patriotic education of primary and high school students under martial law. In many general secondary education institutions, military-patriotic and physical education is organized and conducted at a low scientific and methodological level. In the course of the study, we found out that, given the age characteristics of primary and high school students, teachers should develop their physical fitness and foster readiness to defend Ukraine as a value and motivational fitness for military and patriotic activities.We believe that teachers should adhere to the following tasks and recommendations during educational activities: to conduct lectures, trainings on physical and military-patriotic education aimed at forming the basic components of patriotism, physical and military-patriotic education in students; to involve students in intellectual competitions; to involve students in physical education and sports activities, sports competitions with military- patriotic themes; to involve students in creative games-quests aimed at physical and military-patriotic education. Based on the generalization of the achievements of scientists and practitioners on the problem of physical and military-patriotic education of students, we have identified criteria and indicators of physical and military-patriotic education of primary and high school students, which should be used to determine the levels and more.

Beyond the neoliberal label: A historical perspective on sexual actors and responsibility in HIV prevention in England (1986-2023).

Framed across three distinct periods of the history of neoliberalism and the HIV epidemic in England, this article conducts a detailed examination of the concept of personal responsibility and its contested uses within HIV prevention. The article questions the theoretical potential of neoliberal subjectivities to comprehend behaviours related to the pharmaceuticalised governance (or lack thereof) of gay men's sexual health, exploring the gap between theories emphasising individual responsibility and the practical experiences of gay men. The analysis draws on testimonials from gay men in oral history interviews and archival sources. The article illustrates how the pervasive notion of personal responsibility in England has been co-opted by neoliberal ideologies, leading to the stigmatisation of gay men whose sexual behaviours diverge from public health mandates. The widespread stigmatisation resulting from this ideology underscores a significant limitation in the theoretical framework of neoliberal subjectivities. This constraint extends beyond merely failing to grasp the complexity of sexual behaviours; it also reflects a lack of understanding of any other behaviour related to public health. Therefore, the article concludes by advocating the necessity of employing and constructing alternative theoretical frameworks to comprehend the pharmaceutical governance or lack thereof of gay men's sexual health. Through a concise autoethnography of the authors' pharmaceutical sexual health governance, the article introduces the concept of biocommesuration as an illustrative analysis that transcends the limitations of neoliberal subjectivities.

Subsidiary liability of controlling persons for obligations of a company excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities

The paper examines the issues of bringing controlling persons to subsidiary liability for the obligations of a company excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The article determines the judicial procedure for holding controlling persons accountable for claims of creditors. It analyzes the provisions of Russian legislation and judicial practice regarding the grounds for prosecution under paragraph 3.1 Article 3 of the Law on Limited Liability Companies.The research reveals the effect of this rule of law over time and it essence, which excludes the use of the construction of limited liability of participants in a business company. An overview of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the issues under consideration including the circle of responsible persons, distribution of burden and circumstances of evidence is provided. The paper distinguishes characteristics of good faith and reasonable behavior of creditors and controlling persons as well as legal presumptions corresponding to the circumstance of the case. The conclusion is formulated on the recognition of subsidiary liability by inheritance of debts of a corporate organization. The paper investigates the competence of the court considering disputes on bringing to subsidiary liability of persons controlling a corporation and distinguishes between the corporate (under the general rules of litigation) and bankruptcy (under the rules of class action) proceedings. The characteristics of the powers of creditors acting in the interests of their civil law community are given. The research allows to ensure uniformity of judicial practice at interpreting the applicable rules of law.

Personal Competencies for Work–Family Integration and Its Relationship with Productivity and Comprehensive Health in Salaried Professionals

Work–Family Integration (WFI) is the decision-making process that enables an individual to effectively balance work, family, and personal responsibilities, generating a level of personal satisfaction aligned with the management of these demands. This research aims to explore the potential links between personal competencies facilitating work and family integration (WFI Competencies), employer-provided support (WFI Support), perceived satisfaction in role integration (WFI Satisfaction), and their association with organizational performance indicators and the overall health of professionals in dependent employment. Data were obtained via an online questionnaire administered to 270 professionals possessing a university education or higher, employed in public or private organizations spanning various sectors in Venezuela. The data were subsequently analyzed utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study was divided into two main parts: the factorial analysis (both exploratory and confirmatory) of measurement models and the analysis of the relationships and modeling inherent to the structural model. Initially, two diagnostic instruments were developed, one for WFI Competencies and another for WFI Indicators; though applied simultaneously, their structuring and validation were conducted separately. In the subsequent phase, conceptual models for structural analysis were defined. A positive relationship was observed between WFI Support and WFI Satisfaction, corroborating findings from previous research. The relationships between WFI Competencies and Satisfaction led to insights into the necessity of training to strengthen the personal decision-making process under the dual pressures of work and family roles. Future longitudinal studies could elucidate the effects of relationships within such programs on WFI Satisfaction. Concerning organizational indicators, this study found that WFI Satisfaction positively correlates with organizational commitment, enhancing work productivity and mitigating negative health effects. This research presents a model that could be replicated in other countries and with various sample types, facilitating comparative analyses that enrich the body of knowledge on this subject.

Predictors of Social Justice: Critical Thinking Disposition and Student Personal Responsibility

The increase in diversity in society and, thus, in schools brings the possibility of an increase in the number of students exposed to prejudice and discrimination due to their differences. Therefore, there is a need for teachers who can support students' perceptions of social justice. This study aims to examine the predictive power of CT disposition and SP responsibility on social justice attitudes in prospective social studies teachers. 341 prospective social studies teachers from universities in various cities of Turkey participated in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that CT disposition predicted social justice, while SP responsibility did not have a significant effect. The study's results underline the importance of increasing CT disposition to increase prospective teachers' social justice attitudes. It is necessary to include CT disposition development in studies on social justice.

Alcohol Exclusion Laws and Its Drawbacks

Alcohol Exclusion Laws and Its Drawbacks

Public Reason, Bioethics, and Public Policy: A Seductive Delusion or Ambitious Aspiration?

Can Rawlsian public reason sufficiently justify public policies that regulate or restrain controversial medical and technological interventions in bioethics (and the broader social world), such as abortion, physician aid-in-dying, CRISPER-cas9 gene editing of embryos, surrogate mothers, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis of eight-cell embryos, and so on? The first part of this essay briefly explicates the central concepts that define Rawlsian political liberalism. The latter half of this essay then demonstrates how a commitment to Rawlsian public reason can ameliorate (not completely resolve) many of the policy disagreements related to bioethically controversial medical interventions today. The goal of public reason is to reduce the size of the disagreement by eliminating features of the disagreement that violate the norms of public reason. The norms of public reason are those norms that are politically necessary to preserve the liberal, pluralistic, democratic character of this society. What remains is reasonable disagreement to be addressed through normal democratic deliberative processes. Specific issues addressed from a public reason perspective include personal responsibility for excessive health costs, the utility of a metaphysical definition of death for organ transplantation, and the moral status of excess embryos generated through IVF and/or their use in medical research.

Leaders need to look in the mirror.

There is commonly a discrepancy between optimal physician leader behavior and actual physician leader behavior. Identifying and addressing this discrepancy is essential to optimize culture in high-risk care units. Unit culture is directly linked to improving well tolerated and effective care. Adoption of strategies to better address bad behavior is necessary. To address a toxic culture in a high-risk unit, physician leaders must first look inwards and take personal responsibility for their actions and words. It is a much easier task to talk about healthy culture than it is to walk it.

How can primary care benefit from digital health applications? – a quantitative, explorative survey on attitudes and experiences of general practitioners in Germany

BackgroundSince 2020, physicians in Germany have the possibility of prescribing approved digital health applications (DHAs) with the costs covered by the health system – a step that was unique in the world at that time and still is. So far, there have been hardly any studies that shed light on the possible applications of DHAs in the context of primary care and take stock of the benefits and potential for optimization. In 2022, a quantitative survey was carried out. The aim was to determine what attitudes, experiences and expectations GPs have with regard to the use of DHAs, under what conditions they are willing to integrate them into health care, and what experience they have already gained.MethodsThe focus was on a large-scale survey of GPs. Between spring and summer 2022, all 18,914 GPs in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland were invited to an online survey. 5,868 questionnaires were included in the evaluation (response rate: 31%). A t-test on independent samples was used to determine significant differences between two groups.Results68% of those surveyed are positive about DHAs and consider them to be reliable (69%) and safe (63%) applications that can generate efficiency benefits for the doctor-patient relationship. 24% trust themselves to competently advise patients on DHAs. 14% have already prescribed DHAs, 13% plan to do so. 85% of doctors with DHA experience rate the prescribed applications as (very) useful. Observed health care effects relate primarily to the improvement in compliance (94%), mobility (93%), and education (93%), as well as weight reduction (83%). Among other things, a further optimization of usability (59%), systematic further training of doctors on DHAs (53%) and the expansion of gamification elements (49%) are suggested. GPs lack well-founded information with regard to DHAs (52%).ConclusionFor GPs, DHAs can be effective tools to encourage patients in their personal responsibility, compliance and motivation to behave in a health-conscious manner and to strengthen prevention in the primary care setting. Where DHAs have been used in a practical context so far, widespread positive health care effects are noticeable. Most respondents do not dare to give patients competent advice on available applications. Comprehensive training courses that provide information about the framework conditions, strategies and advantages of using DHAs appear to be important. There is also a need for more well-founded sources of information and research for doctors to select suitable applications in a targeted manner. GPs see significant added value in DHAs compared to conventional health apps. In order for DHAs to be effectively implemented in primary care, it is important to better inform GPs about the legal basis and possible applications as well as to address their concerns.

Mapping Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy Landscape: A Mixed Method Analysis

As more national governments adopt policies addressing the ethical implications of artificial intelligence, a comparative analysis of policy documents on these topics can provide valuable insights into emerging concerns and areas of shared importance. This study critically examines 57 policy documents pertaining to ethical AI originating from 24 distinct countries, employing a combination of computational text mining methods and qualitative content analysis. The primary objective is to methodically identify common themes throughout these policy documents and perform a comparative analysis of the ways in which various governments give priority to crucial matters. A total of nineteen topics were initially retrieved. Through an iterative coding process, six overarching themes were identified: principles, the protection of personal data, governmental roles and responsibilities, procedural guidelines, governance and monitoring mechanisms, and epistemological considerations. Furthermore, the research revealed 31 ethical dilemmas pertaining to AI that had been overlooked previously but are now emerging. These dilemmas have been referred to in different extents throughout the policy documents. This research makes a scholarly contribution to the expanding field of technology policy formulations at the national level by analyzing similarities and differences among countries. Furthermore, this analysis has practical ramifications for policymakers who are attempting to comprehend prevailing trends and potentially neglected domains that demand focus in the ever-evolving field of artificial intelligence.

Balance of digitalization processes in the regional economy (on the example of the Leningrad Region)

Aim. To identify the degree of balance of digitalization processes and potential imbalances in the economy of the Leningrad Region.Objectives. To characterize the sequence of development of digital sectors and technologies at the national and regional level; to consider the threats that lead to imbalances in the digitalization of the Leningrad Region.Methods. The study of digital transformation of socio-economic systems is based on the structural aspect of the system approach with the use of methods of comparison, analogies, rating, modeling.Result. Three types of potential imbalances were revealed: the lagging behind at the national and regional level of the “Economy (business)” sector from the “Power” and “Society” sectors (sectoral); a part of digital cross-cutting technologies declared for development at the federal level is not reflected in regional documents of the Leningrad Region (technological); threats to digital development, in particular, dangers associated with the legitimacy of obtaining information, the problems of its use for the purposes of interested groups (legality).Conclusions. Overcoming these imbalances requires increased investment in the digital infrastructure of the region, development of digital skills of professional staff, strengthening of personal social responsibility for the implementation of management decisions.

“Family doctors are also people”: a qualitative analysis of how family physicians managed competing personal and professional responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundFamily physicians (FPs) fill an essential role in public health emergencies yet have frequently been neglected in pandemic response plans. This exclusion harms FPs in their clinical roles and has unintended consequences in the management of concurrent personal responsibilities, many of which were amplified by the pandemic. The objective of our study was to explore the experiences of FPs during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand how they managed their competing professional and personal priorities.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with FPs from four Canadian regions between October 2020 and June 2021. Employing a maximum variation sampling approach, we recruited participants until we achieved saturation. Interviews explored FPs’ personal and professional roles and responsibilities during the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers that they encountered, and any gender-related experiences. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed.ResultsWe interviewed 68 FPs during the pandemic and identified four overarching themes in participants’ discussion of their personal experiences: personal caregiving responsibilities, COVID-19 risk navigation to protect family members, personal health concerns, and available and desired personal supports for FPs to manage their competing responsibilities. While FPs expressed a variety of ways in which their personal experiences made their professional responsibilities more complicated, rarely did that affect the extent to which they participated in the pandemic response.ConclusionsFor FPs to contribute fully to a pandemic response, they must be factored into pandemic plans. Failure to appreciate their unique role and circumstances often leaves FPs feeling unsupported in both their professional and personal lives. Comprehensive planning in anticipation of future pandemics must consider FPs’ varied responsibilities, health concerns, and necessary precautions. Having adequate personal and practice supports in place will facilitate the essential role of FPs in responding to a pandemic crisis while continuing to support their patients’ primary care needs.

Examining students’ tripartite efficacy beliefs in physical education through a teaching personal and social responsibility intervention

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of a Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR)-based physical education (PE) program on students’ responsibility and tripartite efficacy beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE)). Methods: A quasiexperimental design with pretest and posttest quantitative methods was applied. The participants were 114 students assigned to the control or experimental group. Results: The results indicated that compared with both control group students and their own baseline values, the experimental group reported significant improvements in responsibility, self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and RISE. Conclusions: Implementing the TPSR model in PE can not only positively affect students’ responsibility but also boost students’ efficacy beliefs through the model’s five formats (e.g. awareness talk) and application strategies (e.g. empowerment). PE educators are encouraged to strictly comply with implementing details of the TPSR model to effectively improve efficacy beliefs.