Persons Of Different Age Groups Research Articles

Macro-Microscopic Characteristics of the Glands of the Hepatic Ducts in Postnatal Human Ontogenesis

The aim was to study the macro-microanatomy and morphometric characteristics of the glands of the right, left and common hepatic ducts in people of different ages under conditions of relative norm.Material and methods. The experimental material included a complex consisting of the left, right and common hepatic ducts obtained from the corpses of 126 persons of different age groups who died from causes not related to the pathology of the digestive system. The glands of the hepatic ducts were selectively stained with methylene blue according to R.D. Sinelnikov, followed by fixation in a saturated solution of ammonium picric acid. The macroscopic structure and microstructure of gels were studied using an MBS-9 stereomicroscope. The analysis included the percentage of glands with different numbers of initial divisions. The studied morphometric parameters included the total number of glands, the length and width of their initial part. Methods of parametric statistics based on the Statistica 6.0 software were used for statistical data processing. Statistical data processing included the calculation of the arithmetic mean indicators, their errors, the analysis of the amplitude of the variation series of each indicator was carried out.Results. According to the results of the study, the number of glands in the walls of the common hepatic duct during postnatal ontogenesis was 1.30–1.84 times higher (p<0.05) compared to the right hepatic duct and 1.39–2.13 times higher (p<0.05) than the same indicator in the walls of the left hepatic duct. There was also a tendency according to which the size of the initial section of the glands of the common hepatic duct was larger than that of the right and left hepatic ducts. The minimum and maximum individual values of the total number of glands, the length and width of the initial section in the walls of the common hepatic duct were also higher in comparison with the analogous parameters of the right and left hepatic ducts.Conclusion. Age-related, regional and individual characteristics of the number and size of the glands of the hepatic ducts have been revealed; variants of the shape of the glands in different age periods have been determined, which is important not only for the development of a new scientific direction – morphological exocrinology, but also for gastroenterology, surgery of the extrahepatic biliary tract.

Лікування артеріальної гіпертензії в осіб похилого віку

Стаття присвячена стратегії ведення хворих похилого віку з артеріальною гіпертензією на підставі рекомендацій Міжнародного товариства з гіпертензії, Європейського товариства кардіологів, Європейського товариства з гіпертензії, Американського товариства з гіпертензії, Американської колегії терапевтів і Американської академії сімейних лікарів. За результатами епідеміологічних і клінічних досліджень показано вплив підвищеного артеріального тиску на серцево-судинні ускладнення та смертність в популяції осіб віком понад 65 років. Завдяки аналізу рандомізованих контрольованих досліджень представлені переконливі дані стосовно необхідності диференційного контролю артеріального тиску залежно від ступеня артеріальної гіпертензії та чинників серцево-судинного ризику. В порівняльному аспекті подано методологію ініціації антигіпертензивної терапії в осіб різних вікових груп. Відтворено дискусійні питання досягнення цільового рівня артеріального тиску в динаміці медикаментозного лікування гіпотензивної спрямованості у хворих віком 65–79 років та понад 80 років. Розглянуто вимоги індивідуальної лікувальної тактики хворих з артеріальною гіпертензією похилого віку з урахуванням анамнезу, фізичного та психічного стану, клінічних виявів, коморбідного перебігу, наявності ускладнень, ураження органів-мішеней.

Measurement of Hearing Ability of Persons of Different Age Groups

The human ear is most sensitive. Hearing problems increases with age as well as sound pollution. In today’s life, due to noise pollution or some reasons, per year, many people undergo from the problem of tentative hearing loss. In this experiment, 16 patients of different ages were taken, ranging from 20 years to 55 years of both sexes and we studied hearing sensitivity and it was compared between the right and left ears of each patient, as well as the comparability of hearing for different ages taken in this research.

Study of functional state of microcirculatory channel system in periodontal tissues in persons of different age groups

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.

Measles immunity in different population groups

Objective: to examine the state of the immunity to measles in different age groups.Materials and methods: In 2018, 4444 people were examined at the Diagnostic Center (virological). Among them, 3783 people were examined using the passive haemagglutination test for measles (manufactured by Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia). In the remaining 661 cases, the IgG to measles were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by VektoMeaseles IgG test (manufactured by Vector-Best, Russia). The correlation between the measles IgG level (ELISA) and the age was examined in 518 patients. Results: In this study, the immunity to measles was shown to be insufficient in all groups of observed people. Even among medical staff, nearly 10% had no protective level of measles antibodies. We have shown that the correlation between the measles IgG level and the age is statistically significant, so that the number of seronegative persons in different age groups differs significantly. Conclusion: The highest ratio of seronegative individuals was found in the age group between 18 and 25 years (52,33%), which can lead to serious measles outbreaks. Hence, this study confirms a strong need for additional immunization in all groups and especially in young population.

Indicators of socio-psychological adaptation and emotional status of adolescents and adolescents

Te purpose of the study was to study the features of socio-psychological adaptation (SPA) and the emotional status of students of different ages. 60 students 17-20 years and 60 schoolchildren 12-16 years old were examined. Te parameters of the SPA, including its integral characteristics, were evaluated by the questionnaire of K. Rogers — R. Diamond. Indicators of emotional status (anxiety, depression) were assessed on a scale (HADS) (Zigmond AS, et Snaith R.P., 1983) and Covi Anxiety Scale. Еstablished that the structure of violations of SPA in adolescents includes a low degree of adaptability, acceptance of oneself, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internal control; Low estimates of the integral characteristics: adaptation, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internality. Reflection of social and psychological disadaptation among students is moderately pronounced disadaptation, rejection of self, rejection of others, list, escapism; From integrated indicators — higher scales of scales adaptation, self-perception and aspiration to domination. Students are more likely to differ subclinically, less ofen — clinically expressed anxiety and or depression. Tere are differences in the frequency of occurrence and structure of violations of sociopsychological adaptation in persons of different age groups (students and adolescents). Emotional disorders are more common in students than in adolescents and are predominantly subclinical, less commonly with clinically expressed anxiety and / or depression.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COGNITIVE STYLE OF POLENODEPENDENCE OF DELINQUENT PERSONALITY

The main psychological features of the cognitive style of polenodependence of a delinquent person of different age are defined in the article. Using the masked "Hottschald's Included Figures" test (30 tasks, objective test), we determined the cognitive style of the inmates' pollen dependence. The discrepancies between groups of first-time convicts and repeat offenders regarding pollen dependence on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion were determined, as well as the analysis on the pollen dependence of sentenced persons of different age groups. Generally speaking, the cognitive style of inmate dependence is expressed at an average level – out of 30 tasks, on average, they solve about 15. But in the recidivist group, the average rate of pollen dependence is slightly higher than in the first convicted group. This means that poledependent people tend to ignore obstacles, expressive leadership, critical, skeptical, analytical reason, they distinguish between the nuances of the world and cynically use this imperfection of the world, the weaknesses of other people. Analysis of the pollendependence of sentenced persons of different age groups with the number of correctly solved objective test tasks showed that in younger convicted persons (from 20 to 25 years old), pollendependence is expressed on the average level – out of 30 problems they solved on average 15, 9, and convicts of middle age (26 to 34 years), on average, solve 16,3 tasks – the best indicator in terms of older age (35 years and older), they are lower than average, solve 12, 5 tasks. The breakdown by average age of the study groups indicates that the average age of first convicts is 25 years and that of repeat offenders is 32 years. This reflects the current trend in society – the trend of "Rejuvenation of criminals". Based on the results of our research, efforts should be made to correct the cognitive style of the perpetrators in order to increase the offspring's conviction and less conformism to the pressure of the crime environment on different age groups. It turns out that the age factor is more related to such a psychological characteristic of the subjects as polendependence than the factor of the first or repeated crime.

Марфаноидная внешность как предиктор нарушений сердечного ритма у лиц различных возрастных групп

Марфаноидная внешность как предиктор нарушений сердечного ритма у лиц различных возрастных групп

Multilocus sequence typing of Dientamoeba fragilis identified a major clone with widespread geographical distribution

The flagellated protozoan Dientamoeba fragilis is often detected in humans with gastrointestinal symptoms, but it is also commonly found in healthy subjects. As for other intestinal protozoa, the hypothesis that genetically dissimilar parasite isolates differ in their ability to cause symptoms has also been raised for D. fragilis. To date, only two D. fragilis genotypes (1 and 2) have been described, of which genotype 1 largely predominates worldwide. However, very few markers are available for genotyping studies and therefore the extent of genetic variation among isolates remains largely unknown. Here, we performed metagenomics experiments on two D. fragilis-positive stool samples, and identified a number of candidate markers based on sequence similarity to the phylogenetically related species Trichomonas vaginalis. Markers corresponding to structural genes and to genes encoding for proteases were selected for this study, and PCR experiments confirmed their belonging to the D. fragilis genome; two previously described markers (small subunit ribosomal DNA and large subunit of RNA polymerase II) were also included. Using this panel of markers, 111 isolates of human origin were genotyped, all of which, except one, belonged to genotype 1. These isolates had been collected at different times from symptomatic and asymptomatic persons of different age groups in Italy, Denmark, Brazil and Australia. By sequencing approximately 160kb from 500 PCR products, a very low level of polymorphism was observed across all the investigated loci, suggesting the existence of a major clone of D. fragilis with a widespread geographical distribution.

DIFFERENTIATION OF NORM AND PATHOLOGY DURING SELECTIVE BIOCHEMICAL SKREENING OF LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES WITH INCREASED EXCRETION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Oligosaccharides are a class of polymeric carbohydrates, which are constituents of a glycoside portion of glycoprotein and glycolipid molecules. The lysosomal hydrolase dysfunction due to lysosomal storage disorders results in partial or complete failure of degradation of some glycoproteins and glycolipids, causing the accumulation of specific undegraded substrates in the lysosomes of cells, the formation of the great number of oligosaccharide chains and their increased excretion with urine. Our work was aimed at detailed study of the specificities of interpreting the results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of urine oligosaccharides in healthy persons of different age groups with the purpose of further application of these data while differentiating the norm and pathology in the course of primary selective screening of lysosomal storage disorders. The results obtained demonstrated that TLC plates for the majority of healthy persons had insignificant excretion of a number of oligosaccharides (from monosaccharides to hexasaccharides) with R(lac) > 0.15, which can be characterized as physiological oligosacchariduria, conditioned by the metabolism specificities in lysosomes. Therefore while interpreting the urine samples of patients with the suspected lysosomal storage disorder it is diagnostically reasonable to examine the TLC plates for the presence of both oligosaccharide groups, absent in the samples of healthy persons, and all the fractions with R(lac) < 0.15.

Left ventricular hypertrophy as a marker of adverse cardiovascular risk in persons of different age groups

The paper considers modern conceptions about the prognostic value of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) different types. The role of interaction of demographic, hemodynamic, regulatory, intracardiac factors in the formation of prognostic peculiarities in patients with different types of LVH is marked. The data of own investigations indicating that the left ventricular myocardial mass has not less important value in long-term general prognostication than belonging to a concentric or eccentric LVH type in elderly patients with hypertension are presented. Some data concerning left atrial dilatation as an inalienable component of the cardiovascular continuum in essential hypertension are submitted. Pathogenic and prognostic contribution of metabolic disorders associated with hypertension and abdominal obesity in the development of the heart's left parts structural and functional disorders is shown. Issues of long-term outcome in elderly hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome taking into account the peculiarities of left ventricular geometry are highlighted.

Age, gender, and interracial variability of normal lacrimal gland volume using MRI.

Aimed to evaluate normal volume of the lacrimal gland in patients of different age groups and race. All MRI studies of the brain that were done between June 2012 and April 2013 were examined. Lacrimal glands were identified using fat-saturated fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and the volumes were calculated using TeraRecon iNtuition viewer. Volumes for the right and left lacrimal glands were recorded for persons of different age groups and race, and the results were compared with those of a randomly selected group of patients who had undergone the same calculation method using CT of the brain, orbit, or paranasal sinuses. The authors included 998 lacrimal glands of 499 patients. The mean volumes for the right and left lacrimal glands were 0.770 and 0.684 cm, respectively. Lacrimal glands were larger in women; the largest volumes were observed during the second decade of life. Mean volumes also varied with race: 0.840 cm in Asians, 0.790 cm in Africans, 0.760 cm in Indians, and 0.710 cm in Middle Easterners. The consultant neuroradiologist and the intern showed excellent agreement for measurements of lacrimal gland volume. No significant difference was observed between lacrimal gland measurements method on MRI and CT. Lacrimal gland volume varies according to age, gender, race, and laterality. Measurements with MRI using fat-saturated FLAIR images and TeraRecon iNtuition viewer software are reliable, accurate, and can be used by junior staff with less radiation exposure to patients.

Radioactivity in drinking water supplies in Western Australia

Radiochemical analysis was carried out on 52 drinking water samples taken from public outlets in the southwest of Western Australia. All samples were analysed for Ra-226, Ra-228 and Pb-210. Twenty five of the samples were also analysed for Po-210, and 23 were analysed for U-234 and U-238. Ra-228 was found in 45 samples and the activity ranged from <4.000 to 296.1 mBq L−1. Ra-226 was detected in all 52 samples and the activity ranged from 3.200 to 151.1 mBq L−1. Po-210 was detected in 24 samples and the activity ranged from 0.000 to 114.2 mBq L−1. These data were used to compute the annual radiation dose that persons of different age groups and also for pregnant and lactating females would receive from drinking this water. The estimated doses ranged from 0.001 to 2.375 mSv y−1 with a mean annual dose of 0.167 mSv y−1. The main contributing radionuclides to the annual dose were Ra-228, Po-210 and Ra-226. Of the 52 drinking water samples tested, 94% complied with the current Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, while 10% complied with the World Health Organization's radiological guidelines which many other countries use. It is likely that these results provide an overestimate of the compliance, due to limitations, in the sampling technique and resource constraints on the analysis. Because of the increasing reliance of the Western Australian community on groundwater for domestic and agricultural purposes, it is likely that the radiological content of the drinking water will increase in the future. Therefore there is a need for further monitoring and analysis in order to identify problem areas.

A study of the face recognition ability of orthodontists and lay persons of different age groups

To determine the face recognition ability of orthodontists and lay persons of different age groups. Cross-sectional study design, in which participants completed a 'Face Recognition Test'. Participants were recruited from the Royal London Hospital, Ashford Hospital, Southend University Hospital and the British Orthodontic Society Conference, 2006. Colour photographs and 3D laser scans of eight volunteers were displayed and participants were asked to match the photographs of each face with the corresponding laser scan within 90 seconds. Participants consisted of 85 orthodontists under 50 years of age, 83 adolescents aged 15-18 years, 85 younger lay adults aged 19-49 years and 83 older lay adults aged 50-70 years. Female orthodontists were more successful in the face recognition test than female lay persons (P≤0·001) and were four times more successful than the male orthodontists (P = 0·003). There were no differences in face recognition ability between males and females in the lay persons groups (P = 0·970) or between male orthodontists and male lay persons (P = 0·240). When comparing age groups, no significant difference in successfully completing the face recognition test was detected between the adolescent, adult and older adult age groups (P = 0·070). Overall, our understanding of facial recognition is limited and the mechanisms by which lay people perceive and recognise other faces are important for the orthodontist to consider.

Combating Ageism with Narrative and Intergroup Contact: Possibilities of Intergenerational Connections

Fear of death and institutional separation of persons of different age groups are major contributors to ageism. Drawing on research in social psychology, this article introduces two remedies that can reduce stereotypes toward older adults: The first remedy is intergenerational connections with the intergroup contact hypothesis as its theoretical underpinnings. The second remedy is use of narrative in age-heterogeneous groups. Since religious communities are among the few places in society where persons of all stages of life meet, they can, when intentionally structured, be settings with promise for intergenerational connections and play a role in counteracting ageism.

Investigation of Pain for the Elderly with Dementia

Objective To investigate the incidence of pain for the.elderly with dementia in our country.Methods The Chinese version of Doloplus-2 was used to assess pain in 103 patients with dementia.Results One or more specific diseases may cause pain in 94 patients,degeneration of bone and joint top of the list;69 patients with pain score geater than or equal to 5 points,the incidence of pain as much as 67% .Older persons in different age groups the incidence of pain is different,with the age increased the incidence of pain increased;different older age groups pain scores had no significant difference.Conclusion Pain in patients with dementia should be of great importance to the medical staff and give full play to the nursing staff in pain management. Key words: Atzheimer disease; Pain; Aged

Effect of Aging on Retinal Artery Blood Column Diameter Measured along the Vessel Axis

To determine whether retinal branch arteries of healthy persons in different age groups show different longitudinal vessel profiles at baseline and during dynamic reaction to flicker stimulation. Thirty-three healthy subjects (age groups: 21-27 years, 40-59 years, and 60-85 years) were examined with the use of a retinal vessel analyzer. A monochromatic flicker of 12.5 Hz was applied for 60 seconds. Arterial diameters were measured in vessel segments of 1 mm in length to obtain the longitudinal vessel profile. Differences in amplitude and frequency of arterial width changes were characterized by the parameter spectral edge frequency (SEF). SEF was significantly different between the young group and the senior group in each phase of the arterial reaction to flicker (baseline, dilation, constriction, relaxation; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). No significant difference within any age group was found in any phase of the arterial reaction. No significant difference between the middle-aged and either young or elderly subjects was found at baseline. However, after stimulation, the middle-aged group displayed a significant difference compared with the young group, with values resembling those of the elderly group. In healthy elderly subjects, retinal arteries assumed a significantly less regular longitudinal vessel profile than those of young subjects. Middle-aged subjects assumed a more irregular profile only in the stimulated states of dilation, constriction, and relaxation. Early age-related changes in vessel profile are noted only after metabolic demand. These changes might be a cause for impaired blood flow and blood-vessel wall interaction.

Sexual Partner Preferences

Data are taken from a representative sample of the Australian population to determine the qualities that are desired in a sexual partner. These qualities are considered in three categories: those reflecting the perceived reproductive value of the partner (evolutionary imperative), the emotional attachment to a partner and the pure pleasure associated with having sex. Subjects completed a telephone-based survey (876 males; 908 females; aged 18-59). The qualities respondents report they most desire in a sexual partner are that the person is someone who cares about them, and whom they love. They also rank highly the criterion that their partner should enjoy sex, and much less highly that they themselves should enjoy the sex. Evolutionary imperatives are ranked fairly low as criteria sought in a sexual partner. Males and females generally expressed similar preferences in a sexual partner, as do persons in different age groups, and persons in different marital status categories. Heterosexual males appear to place a higher emphasis on the physical appearance of a partner when compared with non-heterosexuals.

Long-Term Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Significant Changes in the Composition of the CD8+T-Cell Repertoire, Which May Be the Basis for an Imbalance in the Cytokine Production Profile in Elderly Persons

In spite of the present belief that latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection drives CD8+ T-cell differentiation and induces premature immune senescence, no systematic studies have so far been performed to compare phenotypical and functional changes in the CD8+ T-cell repertoire in CMV-infected and noninfected persons of different age groups. In the present study, number, cytokine production, and growth potential of naive (CD45RA+ CD28+), memory (CD45RA- CD28+), and effector (CD45RA+ CD28- or CD45RA- CD28-) CD8+ T cells were analyzed in young, middle-aged, and elderly clinically healthy persons with a positive or negative CMV antibody serology. Numbers and functional properties of CMVpp65(495-503)-specific CD8+ T cells were also studied. We demonstrate that aging as well as CMV infection lead to a decrease in the size of the naive CD8+ T-cell pool but to an increase in the number of CD8+ effector T cells, which produce gamma interferon but lack substantial growth potential. The size of the CD8+ memory T-cell population, which grows well and produces interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4, also increases with aging, but this increase is missing in CMV carriers. Life-long latent CMV infection seems thus to diminish the size of the naive and the early memory T-cell pool and to drive a Th1 polarization within the immune system. This can lead to a reduced diversity of CD8 responses and to chronic inflammatory processes which may be the basis of severe health problems in elderly persons.

Aging and outpatient service use among persons with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in a statewide behavioral healthcare system

This investigation explored the demographic and service use correlates of age among young, midlife, and older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (N = 513), using the administrative data set of a statewide behavioral healthcare system. More African Americans persons were represented in the younger groups (age 18-35, 36-44) than in the older group (age 45 and older). Nearly two thirds of persons with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders seeking outpatient treatment were younger than 45. With the exception of crisis/emergency department services, persons in different age groups did not differ in the amount and type of outpatient service utilized and in the likelihood of dropping out of services early. However, persons aged between 18 and 44 used significantly more crisis/emergency department services than did those aged 45 and older. The findings suggest the importance of relapse prevention for persons aged 18-44 treated in outpatient settings.