Personnel Protection Research Articles

Impact Response Features and Penetration Mechanism of UHMWPE Subjected to Handgun Bullet.

Ensuring military and police personnel protection is vital for urban security. However, the impact response mechanism of the UHMWPE laminate used in ballistic helmets and vests remains unclear, making it hard to effectively protect the head, chest, and abdomen. This study utilized 3D-DIC technology to analyze UHMWPE laminate's response to 9 mm lead-core pistol bullets traveling at 334.93 m/s. Damage mode and response characteristics were revealed, and an effective numerical calculation method was established that could reveal the energy conversion process. The bullet penetrated by 1.03 mm, causing noticeable fiber traction, resulting in cross-shaped failure due to fiber compression and aggregation. Bulge transitioned from circular to square, initially increasing rapidly, then slowing. Maximum in-plane shear strain occurred at ±45°, with values of 0.0904 and -0.0928. Model accuracy was confirmed by comparing strain distributions. The investigation focused on bullet-laminate interaction and energy conversion. Bullet's kinetic energy is converted into laminate's kinetic and internal energy, with the majority of erosion energy occurring in the first four equivalent sublaminates and the primary energy change in the system occurring at 75 μs in the fourth equivalent sublayer. The results show the damage mode and energy conversion of the laminate, providing theoretical support for understanding the impact response mechanism and improving the efficiency of protective energy absorption.

Protection of Medical Personnel in Armed Conflict: A Review of the Provisions of International Criminal Law

The protection of medical personnel in armed conflict is an important issue in international criminal law. This article provides an overview of the provisions governing such protection. This review covers various aspects, from the definition of medical personnel to the protection afforded in conflict situations. This research uses document analysis methods to collect data from various sources such as international conventions, agreements and other legal documents. It is hoped that the findings of this research will provide a better understanding of the protection of medical personnel in the context of international criminal law

Assessing the Adherence to Safety Protocol Among Personnel Working in the Dental Radiology Department: A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study.

Implementing recommended radiation safety protocols in the radiology departments is crucial for the safety of the working personnel, patients, and environment. Similarly, adherence and continuous monitoring are essential, and few studies have been conducted in dental radiology settings regarding the occupational safety of employees. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the knowledge and adherence of personnel to safety protocol in the dental radiology department. The questionnaire-based study was conducted in a dental institute involving the relevant staff and students, consisting of 25 participants including radiographers (a technician, faculty, and postgraduates) and auxiliary staff. The 14-elementquestionnaire with questions on radiation exposure, hazards, safety protocols, protective devices, and infrastructure was given to study participants, and data was obtained. Overall, the responses to the questionnaire were favorable in terms of awareness or knowledge of participants about radiation protection and protection devices. Notably, 71.4 % (15) of the participants agreed that they consistently wear PPDs, and 86.5% (18) agreed that the radiology operatory is well-equipped concerning radiation safety measures. On the whole, the responses to the questionnaire were encouraging from the auxiliary staff in terms of radiation protection awareness. The perception of study participants provides valuable insight to enhance the adherence to radiation safety protocol in the institutes. The study demonstrated that most participants revealed adequate knowledge of radiation exposure hazards, the need for personnel protection, and adherence to radiation safety protocol. This study would serve as the pilot project and may provide a platform for further multicenter studies to be carried out.

Technological progress in Russian military sports suits: the history of the use of materials and fabrics from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century

The subject of the study is technology in military sports suits of Russian military personnel. The object of the study is the progress in the production technologies of military sports suits. The author examines in detail the history of the use of various materials and fabrics for the production of military sports suits, from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the properties of various materials. The author shows that fabrics with high strength, wear resistance and good breathability are most suitable for military sports suits of Russian servicemen. The fabrics used for the production of military uniforms must meet a number of requirements. At the same time, such properties of fabrics as crease, drapery, hydroscopicity, dust capacity, heat-shielding properties, shrinkage, thread shedding, thread expansion in seams, sliding should be taken into account. The main research methods were theoretical methods – the method of analysis, generalization, systematization, classification of literary sources on the research topic. The novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive analysis of the basic properties, characteristics and requirements for fabrics used for the manufacture of military suits. A retrospective analysis and comparison of costumes from different eras were carried out. The main conclusion of the study is that from the end of the 19th century to the 21st century, the use of fabrics for military clothing has undergone significant changes. It is shown that at the end of the 19th century, military clothing was mainly made from natural fabrics such as cotton, wool and linen. With the advent of synthetic fibers in the 20th century, fabrics became more durable, lightweight, quick-drying and resistant to external factors. In the 21st century, with the development of fabric production technologies for military clothing, special mixtures of natural and synthetic fibers, as well as membrane materials, began to be used to provide high protection, comfort and functionality for military personnel. The author's special contribution to the study is the generalization of the results of various studies, the comparison of the main characteristics of fabrics used in various historical times with modern fabrics and materials.

Third-generation smallpox vaccines induce low-level cross-protecting neutralizing antibodies against Monkeypox virus in laboratory workers

Due to the discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination after its eradication in 1980, a large part of the human population remains naïve against smallpox and other members of the orthopoxvirus genus. As a part of biosafety personnel protection programs, laboratory workers receive prophylactic vaccinations against diverse infectious agents, including smallpox. Here, we studied the levels of cross-protecting neutralizing antibodies as well as total IgG induced by either first- or third-generation smallpox vaccines against Monkeypox virus, using a clinical isolate from the 2022 outbreak. Serum neutralization tests indicated better overall neutralization capacity after vaccination with first-generation smallpox vaccines, compared to an attenuated third-generation vaccine. Results obtained from total IgG ELISA, however, did not show higher induction of orthopoxvirus-specific IgGs in first-generation vaccine recipients. Taken together, our results indicate a lower level of cross-protecting neutralizing antibodies against Monkeypox virus in recipients of third-generation smallpox vaccine compared to first-generation vaccine recipients, although total IgG levels were comparable.

Novel design of a personnel protection system for large particle accelerators: balancing safety, reliability, and cost

As the primary safety protection system for particle accelerators, the Personnel Protection System (PPS) not only prioritizes safety but also recognizes the importance of system reliability to ensure the stable operation of the accelerator and foster trust among system stakeholders. When designing the PPS, a distinction can be made between critical safety functions and common functions. There are at least three critical safety functions: firstly, ensuring that personnel are prohibited from accessing the tunnel during accelerator operation; secondly, preventing accelerator activation in the presence of personnel within the tunnel; and thirdly, enabling prompt termination of accelerator operations during emergency situations. To meet the demanding safety integrity level requirement of SIL3, multiple layers of defense and safety redundancy are employed. In order to mitigate the potential risks arising from human errors, significant emphasis is placed on improving the automation and intelligence of the system. This research focuses on the development of a comprehensive novel system that incorporates multiple defense mechanisms to meet the stringent safety and reliability demands of large particle accelerators represented by High Energy Proton Source (HEPS). It designs novel local optimization schemes, including the semi-redundant control system, zero-count interlock, intelligent search and secure, and electromagnetic control key, among others. These pioneering approaches are seamlessly integrated into the comprehensive system, effectively enhancing its capabilities and overall efficiency. Furthermore, this study conducts an analysis of the reliability of interlocking equipment, employing measures such as hierarchical DC power, parallel redundancy, and optimized signal processing to enhance its overall reliability. Finally, a method for determining the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and assessing the reliability of PPS is developed, and the system's performance is validated.

Ensuring National Security under Martial Law Conditions: Legal Regulation, Threats, Cooperation and Directions for Improvement

The purpose of the article is to reveal the legal regulation of ensuring national security in the conditions of martial law (threats, cooperation and directions for improvement). It has been established that ensuring national security of Ukraine includes a complex of national and international measures. It has been emphasized that financing is one of the important problems in the system of ensuring national security. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. Another problem of ensuring national security in wartime conditions consists in preventing and combating corruption. Corruption destroys development of the military-industrial complex, prevents introduction of innovative means of protection for military personnel, it disturbs development and testing of new weapons, new technologies, and hampers provision of military personnel with the necessary equipment, protection and weapons. It was concluded that only cooperation can solve the urgent strategic tasks of ensuring national security in difficult world conditions and new globalization challenges.

Experimental and numerical study on natural gas explosion evolution in open space under different initial conditions

The vapor cloud explosion in open space are greatly affected by the initial conditions of gas cloud and the surrounding environment, while in the gas compressor station, these factors are ubiquitous. While the researches of external influencing factors like the obstacle and initial turbulence effect on natural gas explosion in open space are rare. In this paper, a series of natural gas explosion experiments were conducted and a long-distance natural gas pipeline compressor station was taking as an example to simulate the natural gas leakage and explosion in the typical location. Results showed that the greater the initial turbulence, the greater the peak overpressure of gas explosion. When the initial wind speed is 5 m/s, the peak overpressure can promote 73.4 % higher than that without initial turbulence. However, the overpressure doesn't linearly increase with the increasing of initial wind speed. What's more, the flame speed showed the same law with the overpressure, and the effect of concentration on overpressure is lower than that of initial turbulence and obstacle density. The explosion damaging range in the condenser area is larger than that in the separator area, and the maximum overpressure can reach about 21 kPa and the temperature can reach above 2280K, which provides an important basis for the safety prevention and personnel protection in natural gas compressor station.

Financial legal personality of military personnel in Ukraine

Тhe article clarifies the essence of the special social rights of military personnel in the modern period of military aggression in Ukraine, as a system of legal and social guarantees established by the state and the implementation of which characterizes the state of financial legal personality of the military. The financial legal personality of military personnel is characterized, which is implemented in the financing of social rights and state social guarantees of the activities of military personnel, which are related to the exercise of rights related to the completion of service, sufficient material and monetary support, rights to residence and adaptation to the social environment, and others . The author proves that the provision of stable financing of expenses for the social protection of military personnel and support of their activities depends on the systematic coherence of the activities of all subjects of financial legal relations, in particular, the certainty of the financial legal capacity and legal capacity of the military. On the basis of the current legislation and the positions of scientists, it is determined that a military serviceman, as a subject of financial legal relations, is a participant who realizes legal personality in financial legal relations, that is, enters into specific relations with other subjects regarding the formation, distribution, and use of public finances, in particular, regarding the implementation of financial and legal protection relations.
 It has been established that the task of implementing the financial legal personality of the military is entrusted to the state, but there are discrepancies in the current legislation regarding the types of financial support for the military, their budget financing and the distribution of powers for their implementation in the budget process among its participants. The dependence of the realization of the rights to perform the professional duties of the military on the state of financial support of their special social rights is traced, which requires the systematization of social payments to the military and the coordination of powers for their distribution among the participants of the budget process. The need to clarify the essence of the rights and obligations of the military, defined by the current legislation regarding the legal and social protection of military personnel with budgetary legislation, is proved. The conclusions of the article emphasize the need for stable financing of the special social rights of the military, as a condition for the financial and legal protection of the military guaranteed by the state.

Hybrid use of the building as a method supporting epidemic safety

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changing organisational and technical requirements in the operation of treatment facilities. This paper summarises the available knowledge on the principles of hybrid design of the architecture of treatment units to ensure that different levels of sanitary and hygienic safeguards can be implemented. The basis of this narrative overview is an analysis of the existing Polish legislation on required personnel protection measures and the European Commission's recommendations for the long-term optimisation of building operating costs. In addition, due to the multifaceted and complex nature of the issue, the review was extended to include an example of practice in the technical adaptation of medical buildings for hybrid use in the event of a pandemic of an aetiological agent of risk category III, as a confirmation of the postulate regarding the need to modify the guidelines for the architectural design of the space of medical units, particularly those involved in the care of the elderly. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(3):269-278.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP GURU DALAM PENYELENGGARA PENDIDIKAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 14 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG GURU DAN DOSEN

Protect teacher/lecturer educators in carrying out their noble duties, the development of Indonesian national education gained new strength and enthusiasm with the enactment of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. The ratification of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 also has consequences or implementation for education, including that teachers and education staff have the right to obtain legal protection in carrying out their duties and rights to intellectual property results. The aim is to find out and analyze how legal protection is and what factors influence legal protection for teachers in education providers based on Law no. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers. The research method used is a qualitative sociological juridical approach. The sociological juridical research used in this study was to see how the community's understanding of teacher protection. Therefore the sociological juridical approach has a very big role to see the community's understanding of teacher protection. The results of this study 1. The protection of teachers in carrying out their duties as educators has been regulated in Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 10 of 2017 concerning Protection for Educators and Education Personnel. 2. The factors that affect the legal protection of teachers in the administration of education based on law no. 14 of 2005 About Teachers and Lecturers is a factor of legal culture, factors of the rule of law, and factors of legal structure.

Strategic Maintenance Boosts Global Power Plant Efficiency and Safety

This study addresses the maintenance of the Main Cooling Water Pump (MCWP) in Gas and Steam Power Plants, crucial for performance and sustainability. Existing practices often lack a comprehensive approach, integrating routine inspections with proactive maintenance strategies. We aimed to develop a maintenance framework that improves operational efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. Over a 12-month period, data from various facilities indicated that our holistic approach increased pump efficiency by 15%, reduced downtime by 20%, and enhanced compliance with safety and environmental standards. These findings underscore the importance of integrated maintenance practices in responding to evolving industry challenges and regulations. Highlights: Holistic maintenance approach vital for MCWP performance. Safety compliance crucial for personnel and asset protection. Maintenance enhances efficiency and sustainability efforts. Keywords: Maintenance, Main Cooling Water Pump, Energy Efficiency

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОДНОГО ІЗ НАПРЯМІВ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УСТАНОВАХ ВИКОНАННЯ ПОКАРАНЬ

The article defines the need to make changes to the regulatory and legal acts on the handling of weapons by personnel of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, taking into account the need to provide firearms and special equipment and training in the rules and methods of applying elements of physical security, which in turn are a component of general security in penitentiary institutions for the transition to the latest, modern types of weapons according to NATO standards. It is noted that in order to ensure the security of places of deprivation of liberty is one of the main tasks defined by legislative and other normative legal acts of Ukraine (in particular, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine: “On State Criminal and Executive Service”, “On pre-trial detention”, rules of internal procedure of institutions for the execution of punishments and the rules of the internal procedure of pretrial detention centers of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine), which are in front of the personnel of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments. In today’s realities, Order of the State Department on Issues of Execution of Punishments of the penitentiary institutions No. 86 dated May 17, 2001. “Small arms shooting course for members of the rank and command staff of the Criminal and Executive System” has lost its relevance against the background of the reform of the penitentiary service system with the need to switch to the latest, modern weapons in accordance with NATO standards and the implementation of the recommendations of the European Penitentiary Rules. The article states that the problem of handling weapons exists and it must be solved as soon as possible for the reliable protection of personnel and contingents under guard in the penitentiary institutions, which is an urgent necessity in today’s conditions. That is why there was a real need to develop a new normative-legal Act on the training of penitentiary institutions personnel, which will be intended not only for the skillful and effective use of small arms during the performance of official tasks: “A small arms shooting course for members of the rank and command staff of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine”, and mastering the skills of shooting with the latest weapons, according to NATO standards. Key words: physical safety, shooting course, handling of weapons, performance of official tasks.

Russian civil society of wartime: the specifics of development in the conditions of Special military operationa

The purpose of the article is to study the trends and features of the development of civil society in the Russian Federation in the process of a special military operation in the regions of historical Novorossiya. It is noted that the influence of ITS on the functioning of the Russian model of the «third sector» leads to fundamental transformations of the nature of the state-civil dialogue. It is argued that the field of civil-military relations is becoming a priority area of interaction between society and the state in modern Russia. As evidence, examples are given of an increase in the composition of non-governmental structures both in the direction of their activities and in spreading to the lowest level of territorial and political organization. It is proved that the priority task of the vast majority of newly emerged and previously existing public entities is to provide some kind of support to units and units of the Russian army in theaters of armed struggle, as well as social protection of military personnel and their family members. For a very limited time period, institutionalized and networked associations en masse include all new social aggregations and territorial communities, which became the organizing link of the national patriotic upsurge during the period of their independence. It is predicted that those actors who have been able to prove themselves as a link between the army and the people will be able to act as a core component of civil society in Russia of the 21st century in the foreseeable future.

The distribution law of shock wave pressure in typical trenches

Trenches, as important practical military facilities, have important theoretical and military value in evaluating the damage power of ammunition, operational application, and effective safety protection of personnel on the battlefield through the spatiotemporal evolution of explosive shock waves within them. At present, there is a lack of in-depth research on the distribution and impact of overpressure inside the trench. The paper constructed a typical finite element simulation model of a trench, numerically calculated the shock wave overpressure inside the trench and on the wall, analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of shock wave pressure in various parts of the trench, conducted on-site explosion tests, and installed shock wave pressure sensor measurement points in the trench. The pressure time history curve was obtained, and verified and compared with the simulation calculation results. Research data shows that the peak overpressure of the shock wave in the trench increases sequentially from the front wall to the back wall. The peak overpressure of the shock wave at the front wall attenuates by 10 % to 20 % compared to the inside of the trench, and increases by 40 % to 60 % at the back wall; The peak overpressure in the trench exhibits a “V-shaped” distribution at different depths, decreasing first and then increasing as the depth increases. The maximum overpressure peak increases by 40 % to 50 % compared to the minimum; Based on simulation and measured data in the trench, as well as the distribution law of shock wave pressure, safety protection suggestions for on-site combat personnel in the trench are provided.

Personnel Protection Armor Strength Enhancement by Nested Structures

Personnel Protection Armor Strength Enhancement by Nested Structures

Exploring the Mechanism Construction and Strategies of Alumni Association Work in Local New Undergraduate Colleges and Universities: Evidence from Fujian University of Technology

As the number of fresh undergraduate graduates of general colleges and universities across the country continues to climb, alumni associations play an increasingly important role as a liaison platform for communicating with school alumni. However, under the increasingly complex social environment in the new era, most of the new undergraduate colleges and universities have not yet formed their cultural system cultivation, and the problem of alumni resources integration is prominent; insufficient attention to the work of alumni associations, insufficient mechanism and personnel protection, lack of sound departmental and management system, as well as the lack of development planning and information technology platforms; make it difficult to carry out the work of their alumni associations. This paper will investigate the current situation of alumni association of local newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities in China, analyze and summarize the main problems and difficulties of alumni association work, and take Fujian University of Science and Technology as an example, draw on the successful experience of its alumni association, and synthesize the experience of alumni associations of other general undergraduate colleges and universities, to take the best of their strengths and complement their weaknesses, and to solve the related problems. Finally, it explores the mechanism construction of alumni work of local newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities in the new era and the corresponding innovative strategies.

Perceived occupational health risks, noise and dust exposure levels among street sweepers in Mwanza City in Northern Tanzania.

Solid waste has been a major problem particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa countries as it has been increasing in several years. One of the methods employed in solid waste management is street sweeping which is done by street sweepers. Street sweepers are being predisposed to respiratory and non-respiratory infection like eye infection, skin infection and musculoskeletal disorders. This analytical cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 233 street sweepers to assess perceived occupational health risks, particulate matters (i.e., PM2.5, PM5 and PM10 measured in (mg/m3)) dust and noise exposure levels in decibel units-dB(A), and utilization of protective personnel equipment among street sweepers in Mwanza city, Northern Tanzania. Modified poison regression was used to determine the association between exposures variables (i.e., sociodemographic, and socioeconomic factors) and outcomes ((i.e., noise dose level and particulate matters))). More than half (50.2%) of the participants were aged between 46-80 years. Their Median age was 46(IQR: 28-59) years. Large percent (63.1%) of the participants reported that their working environment have high health risks. The Median concentrations of the noise dose and particulates matters were 85.4 (IQR = 76.4-92.3) for noise dose, 13426 (IQR = 9637-17632) for PM2.5, 5522 (IQR = 2453-7679) for PM5, and 2310(IQR = 1263-3201). The Median concentrations of the noise dose and particulates matters were 85.4 (IQR = 76.4-92.3) for noise dose in decibel units dB(A); 13426 (IQR = 9637-17632) for PM2.5; 5522 (IQR = 2453-7679) for PM5; and 2310(IQR = 1263-3201) for PM10. Individual Street sweepers in Mwanza city are highly exposed to noise dose and fine particulate matters at levels above the reference values for human of 85dB(A) and 5mg/m3 respectively, making it a public health issue that requires holistic public health measures.

Принципи обліку та оподаткування в умовах військового стану

This article demonstrates that under martial law conditions, conducting accounting and taxation requires adherence to a set of principles based on values such as: creating opportunities for financing military needs, social protection for military personnel and their families, and fostering a favorable environment for business development, both private and state entrepreneurship. It is substantiated that, according to these principles, it is necessary to ensure effective control over expenses and income, rational use of resources, continuous monitoring, and evaluation of the effectiveness of financial policy, including accounting and taxation. Moreover, it justifies the importance of adapting to changing circumstances and addressing the unique challenges posed by martial law. In summary, the principles discussed in this article provide a solid foundation for accounting and taxation during military conflict, and their implementation is critical for ensuring financial stability and effective management.

Enterprise Security as an Element of Market Competitiveness

The security of the enterprise is crucial for its competitiveness in the modern business climate. It involves the protection of assets, information, personnel, and business processes, including intellectual property. Insufficient protection can lead to the leakage of corporate information and infringement of patent rights, jeopardizing the competitiveness of the company. Focusing on security and implementing appropriate measures are essential for achieving market competitiveness and sustainability for the enterprise. The study pays attention to the complexity of defining suitable security measures for the enterprise, considering the dynamics of the environment, industry characteristics, and market presence. The aim of the research is to propose a competitiveness system focused on security, aiming to improve market position and enhance the sustainability of the enterprise. Proactively addressing threats and implementing mitigation measures are crucial for preventing uncertainty, ensuring the resilience of the enterprise, and preserving and increasing its competitiveness.