Personality Variables Research Articles

The Impact of the Corona Covid-19 Epidemic on the Mental Health of Doctors in a Desert Environment

The study aimed to determine the extent of the impact of the Covid-19 coronavirus epidemic on the mental health of doctors in the Algerian desert environment, in the light of certain personality variables. The researchers used a descriptive approach, using an electronic questionnaire they had developed containing 42 statements distributed over 5 dimensions. After checking its psychometric properties, it was administered to a sample of 295 people covering most of the wilayas (provinces) of southern Algeria.

Does personal therapy predict better trainee effectiveness?

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine whether the history of personal therapy among therapist trainees predicts their clinical effectiveness in terms of client symptom reduction.MethodsTwo anonymous archived datasets from a longitudinal research project on mental health counselling training in China were used. Both datasets included trainee‐reported history of personal therapy and their client‐reported symptom levels prior to each counselling session.ResultsUsing multilevel modelling, we found that, in Dataset 1, neither of the personal therapy variables (whether trainees had undergone personal therapy nor number of personal therapy hours) significantly predicted trainees' client symptom outcome. Dataset 2, which included whether trainees were satisfied with their personal therapy, showed that more hours of unsatisfactory personal therapy for a trainee were associated with decreased average client symptom improvement, whereas more hours of highly satisfactory personal therapy for a trainee were associated with greater client symptom improvement.ConclusionsFindings in this study suggested that the association between trainees' personal therapy length and their clinical effectiveness may be moderated by the quality of their personal therapy: Whereas satisfactory personal therapy might be beneficial in the trainee's clinical work, longer unsatisfactory personal therapy was associated with decreased trainee effectiveness. Research limitations and implications for training are discussed.

Better understanding of c-reactive protein and leukocytes in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorders: A biopsychosocial approach.

Affective disorders (AD) have been linked to inflammatory processes, although the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully elucidated. It is hypothesized that demographic, somatic, lifestyle, and personality variables predict inflammatory parameters in AD. To identify biopsychosocial factors contributing to inflammation in AD measured with two parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes. This observational study investigated 186 hospital inpatients diagnosed with AD using demographic parameters, serum inflammatory markers, somatic variables, psychological questionnaires, and lifestyle parameters. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict inflammatory markers from demographic, somatic, lifestyle, and personality variables. Analyses showed that 33.8% of the variance of CRP was explained by body mass index and other somatic medication (e.g. anti-diabetics), age and education, and age of affective disorder diagnosis. For leukocytes, 20.1% of the variance was explained by smoking, diet, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and anti-inflammatory medication (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Other psychiatric or behavioural variables did not reach significance. Metabolic components seem important, with mounting evidence for a metabolic affective disorder subtype. Lifestyle modifications and psychoeducation should be employed to prevent or treat MetS in AD.

An Explanatory Sequential Study of Public Elementary School Teachers on Deped Computerization Program (DCP)

The purpose of the study was to determine what personal information need further explanation on the utilization of DepEd computerization program in terms of; (1) purpose of computer usage, (2) indicated computer skills, (3) type of software for teaching and learning, (4) educational software by subject, (5) types of peripherals, (6) teaching and learning activities by subject and (7) internet usage of teachers and students. Further, to find out the significant difference between the utilization of DepEd computerization program when they are grouped according to their personal information variables. A total of 30 EPP/TLE teachers of Binugao District are the respondents were identified through purposive sampling technique. The study utilized explanatory sequential mixed method design. Two methods in collecting the data were utilized, for the quantitative phase the researcher used survey questionnaire in determining the personal information and utilization of DCP. Furthermore, in the qualitative phase the researcher used in-depth interview in gathering the data to identify what school program should be enhanced in utilizing DCP efficiently. On the quantitative analysis, there is no significant difference between the utilization of DepEd computerization program when they are grouped according to their personal information variables. In addition, the quantitative findings were follow-up by the qualitative findings. Thus, it was found that the school program to enhance the utilization of DCP efficiently of teachers revealed four major themes namely: (1) resiliency, (2) results-focus, (3) innovation and (4) receptiveness.

Why College Women and Men Refrain from Sex Despite Desire: Development of the No Sex Despite Desire (NSDD) Measure

ABSTRACT Humans have sex for myriad reasons, many unrelated to desire. But under what conditions does sexual desire not lead to sex? We investigated reasons college students refrain from sex despite desire and having an attractive, willing partner and relationships between these reasons and other aspects of sexuality and personality. For item generation, 604 participants identified 109 reasons why individuals may refrain from sex despite desire. For construct validation, 712 participants reported the frequency they experienced these reasons on a novel measure. Every reason evidencing discernible gender differences was endorsed more by women. These items largely concentrated in factors of Personal Insecurities and Principled Concerns. No gender differences emerged on the Partner Issues factor. Factors differentially related to sexuality and personality variables. Principled Concerns related negatively to sociosexual behavior and attitudes and positively to sexual traditionalism across genders. Partner Issues positively correlated with sociosexual behavior and desire for women. Personal Insecurities negatively correlated with sociosexual attitudes for men. Principled Concerns related to sexual functioning issues for women. Personal Insecurities and Principled Concerns related to worse sexual functioning for men. Personal Insecurities related to Neuroticism across genders. These results suggest potential directions for therapeutic interventions and further research.

Determinants of Private University Lecturer Engagement in Bekasi City, West Java, Indonesia

This research aims to find ways to increase lecturer engagement through transformational leadership and personality variables. The sample for this research was lecturers at private universities in the city of Bekasi, totaling 166 lecturers. The method used is path analysis and indicator analysis techniques. This research concludes that; 1) Strengthening Transformational Leadership can increase the engagement of permanent lecturers at private universities. 2) Strengthening Personality can increase the engagement of permanent lecturers at private universities. Suggestions, to strengthen transformational leadership and personality, you can strengthen the indicators for these variables.

The Role of Personality in Lecturer Engagement and the Effectiveness of Job Satisfaction as an Intervening

This research to identify methods to enhance lecturer engagement by focusing on job satisfaction and personality factors. The research sample consists of 166 lecturers from private universities in Bekasi. Path analysis and sobel test were employed in the methodology. The finding concludes that: 1) Enhancing personality can boost the engagement of permanent lecturers at private universities. 2) There is an indirect influence of personality on lecturer engagement through job satisfaction, the job satisfaction variable is able to mediate effectively between personality variables and lecturer engagement. It is recommended to strengthen the indicators of these variables to enhance personality through job satisfaction.

Aggression in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia: a psychopathological, personality and social analysis = Agresja u osób z diagnozą schizofrenii – analiza psychopatologiczna, osobowościowa i społeczna

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the type and intensity of aggressive behavior of patients with schizophrenia and dual diagnosis, as well as to describe their mental state, selected personality traits and sociodemographic variables. Material and methods: 81 patients with mental disorders were included in the study. A comparative analysis was carried out in 3 groups of patients: (group 1) with schizophrenia and addiction, who had committed a prohibited act, undergoing therapy in isolation as a protective measure (n = 27), and (group 2) a group of people with a dual diagnosis (n = 27) and (group 3) a group of patients only with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 27). The following tools were used: 1) PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) – to assess psychopathological symptoms; 2) BPAQ (Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire) – to measure the intensity and indicators of aggression; 3) EPQ-R questionnaire – to assess personality variables; 4) IVE scale – to assess impulsivity, risk-taking and empathy; 5) Author’s sociodemographic survey. Main results: The obtained results indicate that forensic patients with dual are characterized by a greater intensity of general psychopathology, a predominance of positive symptoms and a greater intensity of negative symptoms than general psychiatric patients. Both groups with dual diagnosis reveal a higher level of general aggression and a greater tendency to physical aggression compared to patients diagnosed with schizophrenia only. Forensic patients demonstrate greater anger than the group of patients with schizophrenia only. Practical implications for forensic science: Analysis of the type and intensity of aggressive behavior, as well as personality, sociodemographic and clinical variables may have prognostic significance in estimating the risk of recidivism of forensic patients. It can also provide tips for the correct selection of therapy dedicated to a specific patient in order to correct his or her behavior. Knowing of the nature of patients’ aggressive behavior can also facilitate the development of special preventive and protective programs for both staff and families of aggressive patients.

Headache and Associated Psychological Variables in Intensive Care Unit Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Study.

(1) Background: Headaches in health professionals have been studied over the years. This has become even more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to their link with the use of masks, being female or working in highly complex units. However, their association with different personality traits has not been studied in healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and evolution of headaches throughout the pandemic in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses and to analyze their association with sociodemographic, occupational and personality variables as well as with other symptoms. (2) Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study with two periods of data collection (at the end of the containment phase and six months thereafter). A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was performed (n = 131). (3) Results: A high percentage of ICU nurses reported headaches during the first (71%) or second (79.4%) time point; more than half of the sample (58.8%) reported headaches over time (chronic headache). Although a higher prevalence of headaches was observed in women at both assessment points, no significant gender-related relationships were observed for headaches maintained across the two time points. Regarding the symptoms and personality variables, positive relationships were found between headaches and anxiety (p = 0.005), insomnia (p = 0.030) and emotional exhaustion (p = 0.022), and a negative relationship was found between headaches and hardiness (p = 0.031). (4) Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of assessing occupational, psychological and emotional aspects in order to decrease the prevalence of headaches and thus improve the quality of the work life of nurses in such demanding environments as the ICU.

Exploring the drivers of pro-environmental behavioral intentions in an emerging nation

PurposeDrawing on the theory of planned behavior and value-belief norms theory, this study aims to explore the causes of pro-environmental behavioral intentions in the context of Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachData were garnered from 503 subjects with the aid of self-reported questionnaires. The formulated hypotheses were examined using a variance-based statistical approach (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that personal values, particularly altruistic and biosphere values, significantly strengthen the psychological drivers of pro-environmental behavioral intentions. The study further found that religiosity enhances the association between personal norms and pro-environmental behavioral intentions and the place attachment augments the relationship between attitude and pro-environmental behavioral intentions.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that instilling altruistic and biosphere values in individuals can boost pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Campaigns and educational programs could focus on instilling these values to foster responsibility and empathy. Recognizing the influence of religiosity on pro-environmental behaviors and attitudes, this study suggests collaborative efforts between organizations and religious institutions. Religious leaders can integrate environmental stewardship into teachings, emphasizing ethical responsibilities.Originality/valueThe study pushes back the frontiers of environmental consciousness literature by highlighting the importance of personal values, psychological factors and contextual variables such as religiosity and place attachment in fostering pro-environmental behavior within the specific context of an emerging country – Sri Lanka.

Individual differences in sharing false political information on social media: Deliberate and accidental sharing, motivations and positive schizotypy.

False political information-misinformation or disinformation-is widely spread on social media. Individual social media users play a large part in this. However, only a minority actively share false material. It is important to establish what sets these individuals apart from those who do not, and why they do it. Motivations for sharing may vary and are likely to differ between people who share false material unknowingly and on purpose. In this paper we consider the extent to which individual differences in personality and other variables, and motivations for sharing, are associated with the likelihood of people sharing false political information both accidentally and deliberately. In a series of four studies (Ns = 614, 563, 627, 113) we examined predictors of sharing false political information using different methodological approaches. Across the four studies, a key finding was that positive schizotypy is associated with measures of sharing false information both accidentally and deliberately. Motivations for sharing political information online were also relevant, with sharing for reasons of 'raising awareness' appearing particularly important. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Variation of personality and ethical values in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

In searching for the face of Ho Chi Minh City's culture, the value theory approach has remarkable beginnings. Since 1986, the social scene in Ho Chi Minh City changed to a major turning point. Ho Chi Minh City accepts many economic sectors and many forms of ownership. A inherently static culture is seeking to transform into a dynamic culture that operates under the influence of market mechanisms. For culture, this is a real risk. Morality is associated with capacity, guaranteed by capacity. “City people” are understood as people who actively solve their life needs, do not passively rely on waiting, and are people who adapt to changes. Because of the two-sided changes and development needs, it is necessary to recognize the changes in personality values ​​and social ethics of Ho Chi Minh City according to Ho Chi Minh's principles.

Are early maladaptive schemas related to current driver behaviors? A study on previous toxic experiences and driving

IntroductionRealizing the importance of driver behaviors in the context of road traffic safety, researchers investigated the factors that relate to driver behaviors. One of the most examined factors predicting driver behaviors is personality. In addition to personality characteristics, early maladaptive schemas (EMS) play a critical role in the way the individual thinks, feels, acts, and relates to others, which leads them to display the maladaptive behaviors to recreate the harmful conditions experienced in childhood. EMS are found to be associated with behavioral problems such as illicit drug use, aggressive and illegal behaviors, heavy alcohol use, risky sexual behaviors, violence towards parents and partners. The current work aims to examine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and driver behaviors in traffic context after controlling the role of personality. MethodOf the 294 participants, 141 were males, 151 were females, and 2 did not specify sex. Age range was 18–67 (M = 27.2, SD = 10.5). Participants filled out an online survey battery including a demographic information form, the Basic Personality Traits Inventory, the Dirty Dozen, the Young Schema Questionnaire 3 Short Form, and the Driver Behavior Questionnaire. ResultsAccording to the results of the correlation analysis, schema domains showed significant relationships with the driver behavior subscales for 17 out of 25 coefficients. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that impaired autonomy was positively associated with errors and lapses, while it was negatively associated with positive behaviors. This relationship was found when demographic and personality variables were accounted for. ConclusionThe current study is the first to exclusively investigate the relationship between EMS and driver behaviors. Relationship between impaired autonomy on one hand and errors and lapses on the other point out to the role of affective and cognitive processes that play a role in driving.

Big Five personality traits, BIS/BAS dimensions and meteoropathy: a mediation model

BackgroundThe main goal of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between Big Five personality traits and meteor-opathy and the role of the behavioural activation system (BAS) and the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) as mediators in this relationship.Participants and procedureThe sample consisted of 1,336 women and men gathered via the online recruitment platform from the general population. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 76 years (M = 29.52, SD = 11.67). The Polish version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory was used to assess Big Five personality traits. The BIS and BAS were diagnosed using the Polish version of the original BIS/BAS scales. Meteoropathy was assessed using the Polish adaptation of the METEO-Q questionnaire.ResultsMeteoropathy correlated negatively with emotional stability and positively with the BIS level and BAS Reward Responsive-ness. BIS negatively correlated with emotional stability. The correlations between meteoropathy and other personality vari-ables were nonsignificant. The analysis indicated a significant indirect relationship between emotional stability and meteor-opathy through BIS. We demonstrated the importance of neuroticism (low emotional stability) and the BIS dimension for the development of meteoropathy symptoms.ConclusionsNeuroticism and the BIS dimension were important for the development of meteoropathy symptoms. The results may be helpful in assessing the risk of developing meteoropathy in a healthy population.

Overcoming Barriers: Trajectories for a School Environment That Promotes the Participation of Adolescents with Chronic Conditions

The characteristics of the school environment can influence students’ participation. Therefore, exploring the existing barriers to school participation and academic success of students with chronic conditions (CCs) is essential since they are a population at an increased risk for impairments and difficulties in these areas. This specific study aimed to explore the personal and school-environment variables associated with the school participation of students with CCs. Additionally, it aimed to analyze the differences between (1) male and female adolescents concerning the impact of CCs on school participation and the personal and school-environment variables; and (2) adolescents with and without school participation affected by the existing CCs regarding personal and school-environment variables. This work included 1442 adolescents with CCs, 56.3% female (n = 769), with a mean age of 15.17 years (SD = 2.33), participating in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2022 study. The results showed that girls and students with school participation affected by CCs are at greater risk regarding the personal and school-environment variables under study. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis of the association between these variables and the school participation of students with CCs, a greater weight of personal variables was observed, followed by those of the school environment related to interpersonal relationships and, finally, the physical environment and safety-at-school variables. The study highlights the relevance of considering the existing barriers to school participation and academic success of students with CCs. The results also underline the importance of aligning the intervention of health and education professionals and policymakers. All of these professionals must make a joint effort to overcome existing barriers in the school context and move towards an increasingly balanced environment that promotes and protects the equal participation of all students.

Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in athletes: Beyond athletic identity, are positive personality variables important for understanding well-being in student-athletes?

The present study examined the role of optimism and hope as predictors of subjective well-being and psychological well-being in a sample of 203 student-athletes participating in competitive sport. Results from conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses indicated athletic identity (e.g., encouragement from others, competence) accounted for unique variance in all indices of both subjective and psychological well-being. Moreover, independent of athletic identity, the set of positive personality variables, namely, optimism and hope, was found to account for additional unique variance in all indices of well-being. For all indices of well-being, optimism was found to be a significant predictor. Similarly, hope agency, but not hope pathways, was found to be a significant predictor for most of the indices of well-being examined. Taken together, the present findings are not only among the first to be based on the assessment of well-being in athletes using a range of different indices of both subjective and psychological well-being, but they are the first to demonstrate the importance of integrating the study of optimism and hope for understanding well-being in athletes.

Generations X, Y, Z: the effects of personal and positional inequalities on critical thinking digital skills

PurposeIn a time of fake news, misinformation, and disinformation, critical thinking has become the most important skill for discerning false, incomplete, and outdated information and communication online. The study examines the effects of personal (gender, age, ethnicity, religiosity, and Big Five personality traits) and positional inequalities (education, occupational status, language proficiency) on critical thinking digital skills (CTDS) among generations X, Y, and Z.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted among 1,495 Israeli Jews between the ages of 18 and 57, belonging to the X, Y, and Z generations.FindingsThe findings show that CTDS among Gen X were significantly lower, by a large margin, than those of the younger generations, while Gen Z reported the highest level of these skills. Multivariate analysis indicated different effect patterns of personal and positional categorical variables on CTDS. We found that the contribution of personal demographic inequalities (gender, age, ethnicity and religiosity) to the explained variance in CTDS was most pronounced in Gen Y, compared to Gen X and Gen Z. The contribution of Big Five personality traits and positional social inequalities (education, occupational status and language proficiency) to explaining CTDS was similar between Gen X and Gen Y, but much less pronounced among Gen Z.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the intergenerational differences in CTDS is crucial for tailoring educational approaches, promoting inclusivity, and harnessing the diverse strengths of each generation to navigate an ever-evolving digital landscape successfully.Originality/valueFirst of its kind, this study combines Generational Cohort Theory with Resources and Appropriation Theory to identify which inequalities may hinder the acquisition of one of today’s most vital skills among three generations.

Vulnerability Factors, Adjustment, and Opioid Misuse in Chronic Noncancer Pain Individuals

Several person variables predate injury or pain onset that increase the probability of maladjustment to pain and opioid misuse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of 2 diathesis variables (impulsiveness and anxiety sensitivity [AS]) in the adjustment of individuals with chronic noncancer pain and opioid misuse. The sample comprised 187 individuals with chronic noncancer pain. The hypothetical model was tested using correlation and structural equation modeling analyses. The results show a significant association between impulsiveness and AS and all the maladjustment variables, and between impulsiveness and AS and opioid misuse and craving. However, although the correlation analysis showed a significant association between adjustment to pain and opioid misuse, the structural equation modeling analysis showed a nonsignificant association between them (as latent variables). The findings support the hypothesis that both impulsiveness and AS are vulnerability factors for maladaptive adjustment to chronic pain and opioid misuse. PerspectiveThis article adds to the empirical literature by including AS and impulsiveness as antecedent variables in a model of dual vulnerability to chronic pain maladjustment and opioid misuse. The findings suggest the potential utility of assessing both factors in individuals in the first stages of chronic pain.

The Influence Of Motive, Personality And Self-Efficacy On Interest In Entrepreneurship Among Smes In Bengkulu City

This research aims to determine the influence of: 1) Motives on interest in entrepreneurship. 2) Personality towards Entrepreneurial Interest. 3) Self-efficacy towards Entrepreneurial Interest. 4) Motives, Personality and Self-Efficacy together on Entrepreneurial Interest. The population in this research is MSME business actors in Bengkulu City. The sample for this research is 100. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability before collecting research data. The hypothesis was tested using Multiple Linear regression analysis. This research uses quantitative methods. The data collection tool used a questionnaire which was distributed to the 100 respondents studied, namely MSMEs in the city of Bengkulu. The sampling method in this research, namely non-probability sampling, that will be used is purposive sampling, where sampling in this case is limited to certain types of people who can provide the desired information. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis with data processing using SPSS 23 for Windows. The results of the analysis show that the variables studied have a significant and positive influence. The motive variable has a significant and negative effect on the interest in entrepreneurship of MSME actors in the city of Bengkulu, the personality variable has a significant and positive effect on the interest in entrepreneurship of MSMEs in the city of Bengkulu, the self-efficacy variable has a significant and positive effect on the interest in entrepreneurship of MSME actors in the city of Bengkulu, the variable motive, personality and efficacy Together, they have a significant and positive influence on the entrepreneurial interest of MSME actors in the city of Bengkulu. Interest in entrepreneurship can be explained by the variables motive, personality and self-efficacy by 61% and the remaining 39% is explained by variables outside the model.

Internet gaming disorder and the alternative five factor personality model: a study in a Spanish community sample

BackgroundThis study was designed to examine the prevalence and relationships between the Internet gaming disorder (IGD) behaviors, suggested by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and personality traits.Participants and procedureA sample community of 1,548 subjects, 707 men and 841 women, with a mean age of 40.90 and 38.89 years, respectively, was evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that only 7 subjects (0.5%) exceeded the cut-off point of 75 points to be classed as “disordered gamers” proposed by Fuster et al. (2016) in Spain. This study demonstrates the unidimensionality of the IGD-20, so it can be used as an ordinal dimensional measure to study the relationship between IGD symptoms and other related variables such as per-sonality in community samples. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that up to 8% of the variance of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 scale (IGD-20), as a dimensional scale, can be explained by low activity, high aggressiveness, introver-sion, non-planning impulsivity, sensation seeking, neuroticism and impulsiveness (attention impulsivity) using the Alterna-tive Five Factor Model (AFFM) of personality and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11).ConclusionsThis study shows that the prevalence of IGD in the Spanish population is similar to that of other Western countries. The unidimensionality of the IGD-20 allows its use in correlational studies to examine the relationship between Internet gam-bling behaviors and personality variables. The implications of these personality profiles are discussed in relation to the psy-chological and clinical mechanisms involved in Internet gaming disorder.