Personality Variables Research Articles

The association between satisfaction with life and anxiety symptoms among Chinese elderly: a moderated mediation analysis

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that certain personal psychological variables (e.g., life satisfaction and cognitive function) and physical variables (e.g., body mass index [BMI]) are significantly associated with individuals’ anxiety symptoms. However, relevant research on elderly is lagging and no studies have yet investigated the combined impact of these variables on anxiety. Thus, we conducted the present study to investigate the potential moderator role of BMI and the potential mediator role of cognitive function underlying the relationship between life satisfaction and anxiety symptoms in Chinese elderly based in Hong Kong.MethodsSixty-seven elderly aged 65 years old and above were recruited from the local elderly community centres in this pilot study. Each participant underwent a systematic evaluation using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Hong Kong Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and were measured for their body weight and height. Regression analysis using the bootstrapping method was employed to test the hypothesized moderated mediation model.ResultsOur findings demonstrated the overall model accounted for 23.05% of the variance in scores of HAM-A (F (8, 57) = 2.134, p = 0.047) in Chinese elderly. There was a significant association between life satisfaction and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.031), indicating that individuals with higher life satisfaction were associated with less anxiety symptoms. Moreover, this relationship was positively moderated by BMI (b = 0.066, 95% CI [0.004, 0.128]), especially in Chinese elderly with BMI at a lower level (b = -0.571, 95% CI [-0.919, -0.224]) and an average level (b = -0.242, 95% CI [-0.460, -0.023]). No significant mediator role was detected for cognitive function (b = -0.006, 95% CI [-0.047, 0.044]) in our model.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increased life satisfaction can reduce anxiety symptoms among Chinese elderly as their BMI decreases (when BMI ranged between “mean - 1SD” and “mean” of the population). The significant interaction between psychological and physical factors underlying anxiety symptoms found in this study, presents a promising opportunity for translation into multi-level psychological and physical interventions for the management of anxiety in ageing patients during clinical practice.

Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr

Animal personality has been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and shaped by natural selection. Currently, little is known about mechanisms influencing the development of personality traits. This study examines the extent to which personality development is genetically influenced and/or environmentally responsive (plastic). We also investigated the role of evolutionary history, assessing whether personality traits could be canalized along a genetic and ecological divergence gradient. We tested the plastic potential of boldness in juveniles of five Icelandic Arctic charr morphs ( Salvelinus alpinus ), including two pairs of sympatric morphs, displaying various degrees of genetic and ecological divergence from the ancestral anadromous charr, split between treatments mimicking benthic versus pelagic feeding modalities. We show that differences in mean boldness are mostly affected by genetics. While the benthic treatment led to bolder individuals overall, the environmental effect was rather weak, suggesting that boldness lies under strong genetic influence with reduced plastic potential. Finally, we found hints of differences by morphs in boldness canalization through reduced variance and plasticity, and higher consistency in boldness within morphs. These findings provide new insights on how behavioural development may impact adaptive diversification.

Verification of a comprehensive framework for mobility using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: a structural equation modeling analysis

BackgroundMobility within and between life spaces is fundamental for health and well-being. Our objective was to verify a comprehensive framework for mobility.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. We used structural equation modeling to estimate associations between latent factors with data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging for participants 65–85 years of age (65+, n = 11,667) and for adults with osteoarthritis (OA) aged 45–85 (n = 5,560). Latent factors included life space mobility, and physical, psychosocial, environmental, financial, and cognitive elements. Personal variables (age, sex, education) were covariates.ResultsThe models demonstrated good fit (65+: CFI = 0.90, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.025 (0.024, 0.026); OA: CFI = 0.90, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.032 (0.031, 0.033)). In both models, better psychosocial and physical health, and being less afraid to walk after dark (observed environmental variable) were associated with greater life space mobility. Greater financial status was associated with better psychosocial and physical health. Higher education was related to better cognition and finances. Older age was associated with lower financial status, cognition, and physical health. Cognitive health was positively associated with greater mobility only in the 65 + model. Models generated were equivalent for males and females.ConclusionsAssociations between determinants described in the mobility framework were verified with adults 65–85 years of age and in an OA group when all factors were considered together using SEM. These results have implications for clinicians and researchers in terms of important outcomes when assessing life space mobility; findings support interdisciplinary analyses that include evaluation of cognition, depression, anxiety, environmental factors, and community engagement, as well as physical and financial health. Public policies that influence older adults and their abilities to access communities beyond their homes need to reflect the complexity of factors that influence life space mobility at both individual and societal levels.

Impact of Brand Personality Customer Brand Identification on Brand Loyalty the Mediating Role of Trust


 The main goal of this research is to analyze the direct influence of many variables of brand personality, customer’s brand identification and trust on brand loyalty. Then an indirect influence test will also be carried using trust variables as a varying conciliator on the connection between brand personality variables, brand identification and brand loyalty. Hypotheca-deductive method is utilized in this research. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling technique where the subjects of this study are fashion customers of ZARA, and lives in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The research results state that: 1). Brand personality has a positive and remarkable effect on brand loyalty. 2). Brand personality has a noteworthy impact on trust positively 3). Customer’s brand identification has zero influence on brand loyalty 4). Customer brand identification has a positive and remarkable effect on trust 5). Trust has a good and noteworthy effect on brand loyalty 6). Thus, the varying trust mediates the connection between brand personality and brand loyalty. The same results shows that varying trust has a conciliating impact on the connection between varying customer brand identification and brand loyalty.

Environment and Benchmarking: Industry 4.0 Sustainable Work Readiness Framework

This paper presents a sustainable work readiness framework for engineering students, incorporating core skills, personal skills, and self-efficacy as mediating variables. The study aims to investigate the impact of core skills and personal skills on engineering students’ work readiness, as well as the mediating influence of self-efficacy on this relationship. The researchers designed and tested a work readiness framework with three focal points: skills, personal skills, and self-efficacy, and their influence on engineering students’ work readiness. The findings indicate that core skills, personal skills, and self-efficacy positively and significantly influence engineering students’ work readiness. Self-efficacy can be explained by the core skills and personal skills variables at 87.8%, while the work readiness variable can be explained by core skills, personal skills, and self-efficacy at 85.4%. This study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a sustainable work readiness framework and measurement instrument that link core skills, personal skills, and self-efficacy as mediating variables influencing work readiness. The results are beneficial not only to Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, as they directly reflect the work readiness of UTP’s final-year undergraduate engineering students but also to individuals, universities, teaching staff, organizations, human resource specialists, and public administrators. They can use these findings to enhance the development of individual work readiness skills and increase the work readiness of students in their respective universities. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a sustainable work readiness framework tailored to equip engineering students with the skills required and acquired in Industry 4.0.
 Keywords: student, engineering, PLS-SEM, skills, self-efficacy, sustainable, work readiness

Reading for Meaning: The Influence of Reader Characteristics on Paragraph Understanding in Aphasia.

The study improves our understanding of the reading comprehension difficulties seen in people with aphasia. It investigates the influence of reader characteristics, including personal demographic variables, and linguistic and wider cognitive skills, on text comprehension. Seventy-five people with aphasia and 87 neurologically typical readers completed a test of paragraph comprehension. People with aphasia also completed background tests of language, attention, recognition memory, and executive functions. The influence of demographic variables (age, gender, and level of education) was analyzed separately in the group of people with aphasia and the typical readers using analyses of variance. In the people with aphasia, the relationship between paragraph comprehension and the language and cognitive tests was explored using correlational analyses. In the typical readers, there was a significant effect of gender and level of education and a significant three-way interaction. For the people with aphasia, there were no significant effects of demographic variables. Significant positive correlations were found between performance on paragraph comprehension and each of the language tests and with tests of auditory attention, executive functions, and recognition memory for words. In people with aphasia, the effects of demographic variables were overshadowed by the effect of their language difficulties. The association seen across language measures reflects the shared semantic representations across single-word, sentence, and text levels, across modalities. The study emphasizes the importance of attention, executive functions, and short-term memory in the comprehension of and memory for what we read. The contribution of both language difficulties and wider cognitive skills needs to be considered when planning intervention. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24695451.

Parents’ Educational Level and Their Occupation as Predictors of Scholastic Performance in Mathematics of Higher Secondary School Students

The Present Study has been specifically intended to study Parents’ Educational Level and their Occupation in relation to Academic Achievement in Mathematics of Higher Secondary School Students. Survey Method is employed in this study. Sample of the Study is comprised of 1050 Higher Secondary School Students. Simple Random Sampling Method is adopted. The relative contribution of personal variables (Education of the Father, Education of the Mother, Occupation of the Father, Occupation of the Mother), and Research variable (Academic Achievement in Mathematics) are investigated in this study. For the purpose of present study, 42 schools have been selected from Chennai District. 1050 students were selected from 42 schools (12 Government schools, 14 Government Aided schools and 16 Private schools). Thus, in the present study, different Types of Schools such as Boys, Girls and Co-education were selected randomly. Each student was provided with a booklet containing Personal Data Sheet. There was a provision in the front page for the students to fill their Higher Secondary Mathematics Marks secured in the Board Exam. The formulated hypotheses were tested using Descriptive Analysis and Differential Analysis. Based on the Results, it shows that Parents’ Educational Level and their Occupation as Predictors of Scholastic Performance in Mathematics of Higher Secondary School Students.

Assessment of the Quality of Banking Services Perceived by Rural Customers

The role played by banks in the economy of a country is of great importance. Growth of banking industry is directly related to economic growth of the country. New technologies are being introduced to increase quality of banking services. Present study was conducted in Dantiwada taluka of Banaskantha district of Gujarat and aimed at assessing perceived service quality of banking services by rural customers. A representative sample of 300 rural customers was selected randomly from six villages. Personal and socio-economic characteristics were studied as independent variables, whereas, quality of banking services as dependent variables. An interview schedule was formed which comprised questions related to background information, personal and socio economic variables and type and extent of services utilized by rural customers along with a teacher made scale to measure the service quality of banking services perceived by rural customers. Data were collected by personal interview technique. Descriptive type statistical tools, correlation and ANOVA were used for data analysis and Cronbach’s alpha test was applied to check the reliability of scale. All the dimensions of scale were found highly reliable. Assurance dimensions of service quality was perceived at the highest rank with 45.20 score by customers followed empathy, security and responsiveness. The reliability dimension was perceived at the lowest rank with 29.28 score.

Predicting acceptance of autonomous shuttle buses by personality profiles: a latent profile analysis

AbstractAutonomous driving and its acceptance are becoming increasingly important in psychological research as the application of autonomous functions and artificial intelligence in vehicles increases. In this context, potential users are increasingly considered, which is the basis for the successful establishment and use of autonomous vehicles. Numerous studies show an association between personality variables and the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. This makes it more relevant to identify potential user profiles to adapt autonomous vehicles to the potential user and the needs of the potential user groups to marketing them effectively. Our study, therefore, addressed the identification of personality profiles for potential users of autonomous vehicles (AVs). A sample of 388 subjects answered questions about their intention to use autonomous buses, their sociodemographics, and various personality variables. Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify four personality profiles that differed significantly from each other in their willingness to use AVs. In total, potential users with lower anxiety and increased self-confidence were more open toward AVs. Technology affinity as a trait also contributes to the differentiation of potential user profiles and AV acceptance. The profile solutions and the correlations with the intention to use proved to be replicable in cross validation analyses.

Epidemiological characteristics and trends of animal bites in Neyshabur, Iran: A cross-sectional study

Objective: To investigate the trend of animal bites between 2015-2021 in Neyshabur, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, data were retrieved from the vice-chancellery of the Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences. The data included person variables, place and time variables, and animal variables. Results: There were 13190 cases of animal bites and the trend was increasing during 2015-2020. Most injuries were caused by dogs (86%), most animal bites (76.6%) occurred in males, and 28.1% of all cases were farmers. The most common bitten parts were the lower limbs (64.8%), often reported as a scratch (83.4%). Most of the biting animals (67.9%) were not strays, and 83.3% of them had bitten their owners. No rabies death was reported during the study period. Conclusions: The incidence of animal bites increases and is higher than the national statistics in Neyshabur, Iran. Serious attention and intervention should be given to control and prevent this health threat.

The Relationship Between Participation in Different Music Programs and Academic Achievement

The current study investigates the relationship between participation in different music programs and academic achievement. This topic was investigated because although a strong correlation between music participation and academic achievement has been established, this could vary among different music programs. This is because different personality traits tend to be prevalent amongst different courses (MacLellan, 2011) and this variation in personality has been proven by multiple researchers to influence academic achievement (e.g., Nechita et al., 2015; Mammadov, 2021). Based on the pre-existing research about the relationship between academic achievement and music participation, and the effects of personality on student success, I hypothesized choir students would have lower achievement. This is because choir students displayed higher levels of extraversion, which was proven to hinder achievement. A two-part, dual-methods study was conducted, consisting of an ex-post facto research design utilizing a shortened achievement test, and a content analysis of student transcript summaries. A shortened version of an SAT practice test was completed by 19 subjects, and 14 of the 19 subjects turned in a copy of their student transcript summaries. This study found no statistically significant effect on academic achievement. This can benefit students, parents, and counselors. Schools should endorse various music programs since providing students with options allows them to explore their interests and benefit their achievement. The findings can also be beneficial to scientists because this study provides insight into how music influences the brain since the courses must have had a common factor that influenced brain activity.

Correlation Between Personality, Locus of Control, and Knowledge About Stunting with Mother's Responsibility Behavior Considering Toddlers at Posyandu

Stunting is a failure to thrive due to chronic malnutrition, psycho-social stimulation, and exposure to repeated infections, especially in the first 1,000 days of life. Can be eliminated if growth from newborn to toddler is always monitored. Data from the Kebayoran Baru District Health Center as of December 31, 2018, there were 19% of infants did not weigh themselves regularly. The low participation of mothers in weighing their toddlers regularly every month at Posyandu is a problem in itself. It is necessary to examine and examine further personality, Locus of control, and mother's knowledge which will influence the behavior of the mother's responsibility to regularly weigh her child every month. This research is analytically descriptive with a total of 360 mothers who have toddlers in the working area of the Kebayoran Baru Health Center, data were collected using a questionnaire with the big five personality variables, Locus of control, and knowledge about stunting, data were processed using The analysis was performed with a statistical test using correlation test Pearson's. The results showed that education level 60% graduated from high school, 54.4% were aged 25-34 years, and 52.2% had high knowledge about stunting. The biggest personality type (187 people) is agreeableness, 83% have an Internal Locus of Control. There is a correlation between neuroticism personality type and responsible behavior for weighing toddlers (p=0.005) but there is no correlation between Locus of Control (p=0.067) and level of knowledge with responsible behavior for weighing toddlers (p=0.088).

Personal transcriptome variation is poorly explained by current genomic deep learning models

Genomic deep learning models can predict genome-wide epigenetic features and gene expression levels directly from DNA sequence. While current models perform well at predicting gene expression levels across genes in different cell types from the reference genome, their ability to explain expression variation between individuals due to cis-regulatory genetic variants remains largely unexplored. Here, we evaluate four state-of-the-art models on paired personal genome and transcriptome data and find limited performance when explaining variation in expression across individuals. In addition, models often fail to predict the correct direction of effect of cis-regulatory genetic variation on expression.

PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN, MOTIVASI DIRI DAN PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA GAMPINGROWO KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

The threat of the economic crisis, termination of employment (PHK), as well as the ever-increasing level of living needs, establishing a business is one of the important factors in people's lives. Entrepreneurship has the potential to create added value, both in personal terms and for society as a whole. With entrepreneurship, one can create jobs, increase income, encourage innovation and economic development, and provide solutions to problems that exist in society. Quantitative methods are used to collect and analyze the data needed in this study. The research sample consisted of 94 respondents who were members of the Gampingrowo Village community. The questionnaire is used as a data collection instrument that includes a measurement scale for personality variables, self-motivation, entrepreneurial knowledge, and entrepreneurial interest.
 The results of data analysis show that of the 94 respondents in this study, there is a partial influence of personality, self-motivation, and entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest. This shows that the variables Personality, Self-Motivation, and Entrepreneurial Knowledge together have an influence of 73.3% on Interest in Entrepreneurship. The results of this study are expected to provide deeper insight into the factors that influence the interest in entrepreneurship in rural communities. Based on the research hypothesis, it is expected that a strong personality, high self-motivation, and good entrepreneurial knowledge will have a positive effect on the interest in entrepreneurship in the people of Gampingrowo Village. The results of this research can provide important input for the government and related organizations in designing programs and policies that can increase interest in entrepreneurship at the village level. In addition, this research can also be an important contribution in the development of literature on the factors that influence the interest in entrepreneurship in the village context.

One value does not ‘fit’ all: value-laden luxury advertising through the lens of consumer individuality

ABSTRACT This paper investigates how consumers’ individual differences (personal values and characteristics in the adaptations level of personality) affect responses to luxury advertising laden with two opposing values: self-esteem versus image. Drawing on literature from luxury marketing, advertising and psychology, we examine the role of different personality variables in the effect of advertised values on attitudes and perceptions. Studies 1 and 2 show that susceptibility to normative influence and status consumption moderate the effect of advertised value on attitudes. Study 3 demonstrates that “for me” perceptions mediate the effect of advertised value on attitudes. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

The personal and the social: Twin contributors to climate action

Identifying predictors of environmentally significant behaviors (ESBs) can inform interventions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Most past research, and the theories that shape it, focus on factors residing within individuals rather than within their social context. This paper argues for greater emphasis on social variables, as complements to person-level variables, in predicting ESBs. A sample of 2868 Australian survey panel members completed an online questionnaire containing measures of five personal variables, five social variables, and four types of ESBs. All predictors were positively associated with all ESBs. Controlling for sociodemographic and person-level variables, the block of social predictors explained unique variance in all criteria, especially in a measure of pro-environmental behavior. The strongest predictors were personal norm and community involvement. The social variables also had indirect and moderating effects. Better understanding, and improved interventions, can come from closer analysis of the roles of social variables in shaping ESBs.

Eliciting risk preferences: is a single item enough?

Economists and psychologists frequently use single-item measures of risk preferences despite potential limitations in reliability and criterion validity compared to their multi-item counterparts. This can be particularly problematic when individual differences in risk preferences are used to predict real-world economic, health, and financial outcomes. In this paper, we compare a popular single-item measure of risk preference, the General Risk Question (GRQ), to multi-item measures of domain-general and specific risk preference measures. In a two-wave survey study of 434 adults, we found that the GRQ had good psychometric reliability and converged with other multi-item measures of risk preferences. The GRQ also exhibited a similar pattern of associations with other personality and demographic variables as compared to multi-item measures. However, the predictive validity of the GRQ was lower than multi-item measures for most of the outcomes examined. The GRQ also explained less incremental variance for real-world outcomes over the Big Five personality traits than the multi-item counterparts. Although the GRQ is a construct-valid measure of risk preferences, researchers should nonetheless consider the trade-off between survey efficiency and predictive efficacy when deciding whether a single item is enough.

Civic-Mindedness Is More Than Personality

Abstract: Many colleges and universities have embraced the goal of increasing students’ civic-mindedness. The research associated with theorizing and measuring civic-mindedness, however, has thus far progressed in a silo away from the established literature of personality psychology. This paper bridges this gap – adopting civic efficacy and service motivation as two measures of civic-mindedness – and examines how well they are explained by the five-factor model of personality (FFM). Using survey data from undergraduate students at a large, public research university, we estimated a structural equation model to measure personality traits from the FFM, service motivation, and civic efficacy. Results showed that variation in personality accounts for approximately 40% of the variation in Service Motivation and 53% of the variation in Civic Efficacy, which does not support a clear assertion that either construct can neatly be categorized as a facet of the FFM. Our findings provide an additional theoretical basis for community service learning courses and other educational opportunities that blend traditional pedagogical strategies with experiential and reflective opportunities aiming to produce change across state-like and trait-like attributes.

Assessing Validity and Bias of Within-Person Variability in Affect and Personality.

Within-person variability in affect (e.g., Neuroticism) and personality have been linked to well-being. These are measured either by asking people to report how variable they are or to give multiple reports on the construct and calculating a within-person standard deviation adjusted for confounding by the person-level mean. The two measures are weakly correlated with one another and the links of variability with well-being depend on which measure researchers use. Recent research suggests that people's repeated ratings may be biased by response styles. In a 7-day study (N = 399) with up to five measurements per day, we confirmed that the measures of variability lacked sufficient convergent validity to be used interchangeably. We found only 1 significant correlation (of 10) between variability in repeated ratings of affect or personality and variability in repeated ratings of a theoretically unrelated construct (i.e., features of images). There was very little evidence supporting the response styles hypothesis.

The Role of Just-World Beliefs in Predicting Dishonest Behavior

Abstract: Belief in a just world is considered an important personal variable in studies on moral behavior. However, previous studies have found conflicting results regarding the relationship between belief in a just world and dishonest behavior. The present study examines the role of belief in a just world (for the self and others) in their tendency to engage in dishonest behavior, especially in situations highlighting attention for either the self or others. The results indicated that the belief in a just world for others (other-BJW) positively predicted dishonest behavior, whereas the belief in a just world for self (self-BJW) did not. However, the present study also found that the association between other-BJW and dishonesty disappeared when participants’ attention was focused on themselves. Based on these results, we suggest that future studies explore the potential mediating effects of moral disengagement.