Personality Traits Research Articles

How Does Loss Aversion Mediate the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Efficiency of Skills in Investment Decision- Making?

This study examines how loss aversion mediates the connection between personality factors and the effectiveness of investment decision-making skills among individual investors at the Colombo Stock Exchange. This research challenges the neoclassical paradigm that presumes investor rationality. Instead, it accords with behavioural finance, which emphasizes deviations from rationality in both beliefs and preferences. Using Prospect Theory as a framework, this study examines how the five major personality traits -conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience influence investment decision-making. Analyzing data from 351 investors, a structured questionnaire and purposive sampling were used. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling with SmartPLS4. The results demonstrate notable correlations: individuals with a higher level of openness to experience and agreeableness tend to have a positive impact on their investment decision-making, whereas extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness are highly associated with loss aversion. Loss aversion plays a crucial role in connecting extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience with investment decision-making. This study enhances the field of behavioural finance by providing a detailed understanding of how personality traits and loss aversion influence investing choices.

Personality Prediction System Using Machine Learning

A personality prediction system leverages advanced data analysis techniques to assess and predict an individual's personality traits based on diverse inputs such as text, voice, behaviour, and biometric data. These systems typically utilize psychological models, like the Big Five Personality Traits or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), to derive insights from patterns in the data. Text-based prediction systems use natural language processing (NLP) to analyze written or spoken communication, while voice- based systems analyze vocal attributes such as tone and pitch. Behavioral and biometric data further enhance the accuracy of these systems, with applications spanning areas like human- computer interaction, marketing, recruitment, and mental health. With the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, these systems are increasingly capable of delivering personalized insights, offering the potential for a wide range of applications from customer engagement to psychological well-being. This abstract outline the core mechanisms, applications, and future directions of personality prediction systems, highlighting their potential to transform how individuals are understood and interacted with in both digital and real-world contexts.

“As long as they remember me, I am alive”: Commemoration and memory through stickers

This study explores the phenomenon of memorial stickers commemorating victims of the October 7, 2023, massacre and subsequent Israel-Hamas war. Analyzing 600 stickers collected across Israel, we examine how these artifacts shape personal and collective memory of these tragic events. Using content analysis, visual data analysis, and ethnography of texts, we investigate the stickers’ distribution, textual content, and visual elements. Three key findings emerged: (1) The widespread distribution of stickers expands commemoration beyond cemeteries, creating a larger community of remembrance; (2) Diverse textual content, from personal traits to universal messages, aims to keep the deceased’s values alive in social awareness; (3) Visual elements balance public recognition with private mourning through strategic use of photographs, colors, and barcodes. Drawing on theories of collective memory and continuing bonds, we argue that these stickers symbolically bring the deceased into daily life and public spaces, contributing to the processing of personal and national trauma.

The Norwegian version of the Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2: clinical utility and psychometric properties

AbstractShame and guilt are universal emotions meant to elicit socially approved behaviors and inhibit antisocial behavior. Excessive feelings of shame and guilt—shame especially—are linked to various destructive behaviors, difficulties in emotion regulation, maladaptive personality traits, psychological difficulties, and negative impacts on treatment outcomes. These make it especially important to have a valid instrument to evaluate the mechanisms related to these emotions. No validated self-report instrument measuring generalized shame and guilt was available in Norwegian. The Personal Feelings Questionnaire (PFQ-2) is designed to measure the level of generalized shame and guilt. This project’s aim was to translate the PFQ-2 into Norwegian and evaluate the clinical utility and psychometric properties of a Norwegian version of the PFQ-2. Data were collected from students at a local university college in Norway (N = 320, age: M = 25.4, SD = 8) and patients at a local outpatient psychiatric hospital (N = 53, age: M = 31.4, SD = 10.43). To be able to evaluate the factor structure of the Norwegian version of the PFQ-2, the dataset was divided in two by random selection with a 50/50 split. First an Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on one half of the sample (N = 180) and then a Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the other half (N = 193). According to the EFA the factor structure was similar to the original factor structure, with the exception of one item (item 6). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good goodness of fit for the two factors measuring shame and guilt. The internal consistency was high in both subscales (shame, α = 0.818, and guilt, α = 0.834). The instrument showed further adequate construct validity, where the clinical sample experienced greater shame than the community sample (M = 17, SD = 6.887 vs. M = 13, SD = 5.311) and stronger guilt (M = 18, SD = 5.248 vs. M = 14, SD = 15.210). The subscales correlated with other constructs, as expected. The PFQ-2—with the suggested adjustment of moving one item (item 6) from the shame scale to the guilt scale—can be used to evaluate the levels of feelings of shame and guilt among adults in Norway.

Personality-Driven Adoption of WhatsApp and Facebook for Educational Collaboration: Academic Performance as a Mediator

The Big Five Personality Traits—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—are widely regarded as a comprehensive framework for understanding individual differences. These traits influence various behaviors, including social interactions, learning preferences, and technology adoption. Objectives of the study were; 1) To analyze the relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and students' adoption of WhatsApp and Facebook for educational collaboration. 2) To investigate the association between social network site usage and academic performance of the students. 3) To evaluate the mediating role of academic performance in the relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and the educational use of WhatsApp and Facebook. All 8617 Students of grade 10th of District Attock, (4,868 Boys & 3,749 Girls) at secondary and higher secondary school level in 248 public schools were the population of the study. 816 students were the sample for this study from the population. Proportional Sampling technique was used for sampling. Big Five Personality Tool consists of 39, Usage of Social Network Sites tool consists of twenty nine different items for five basic and commonly used Social Network Sites. Reliability of the tools was found by using Cronbach’s Alpha. For content validity, both research tools were validated from the experts of field of education while for construct validity, EFA was performed. The findings from the PROCESS procedure (Model 4) offer insights into the relationships between Big Five Personality Traits (BFPTs), Academic Performance (AP), and Social Network Sites (SNSs). The analysis shows that BFPTs significantly predict Scholastic Performance (SP), with a positive coefficient of 1.528 (p < 0.01). The model's R-squared value of 0.528 indicates that 52.81% of the variance in Scholastic Performance can be explained by BFPTs. This relationship suggests that students' personality traits are strongly related to their academic performance. Hence, it is recommended that, Interventions should focus on improving both Scholastic Performance and personality traits to help students manage their social media usage effectively.

Nocturnal hypoxia in patients with sleep disorders: exploring its role as a mediator between neurotic personality traits and psychological symptoms

IntroductionSleep disorders often coexist with personality and psychological issues, alongside nocturnal hypoxia. This study investigates the potential mediating role of nocturnal hypoxia between personality traits and psychological symptoms in individuals with sleep disorders.MethodsA cohort comprising 171 participants reporting sleep disturbances was recruited from Dalian Seventh People’s Hospital. Psychological symptoms were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), while personality traits were evaluated using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Nocturnal hypoxia status was determined through overnight polysomnography.ResultsMediation analysis, conducted using SPSS 23.0, demonstrated that the cumulative time of nocturnal peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 85% (T85) partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and various psychological symptoms, including somatization (c=0.207, c’=0.164, a*b=0.043, proportion of mediation 20.8%), interpersonal sensitivity (c=0.360, c’=0.326, a*b=0.034, proportion of mediation 9.6%), depression (c=0.277, c’=0.234, a*b=0.042, proportion of mediation 15.3%), anxiety (c=0.240, c’=0.199, a*b=0.041, proportion of mediation 16.9%), hostility (c=0.241, c’=0.205, a*b=0.036, proportion of mediation 14.9%), phobic anxiety (c=0.271, c’=0.241, a*b=0.030, proportion of mediation 11.1%), and psychoticism (c=0.298, c’=0.266, a*b=0.032, proportion of mediation 10.8%).DiscussionThese findings underscore the potential mediating role of nocturnal hypoxia in the association between neuroticism personality traits and psychological symptoms among individuals with sleep disorders. Our research holds considerable significance in advancing the quest for personalized treatments targeting psychological symptoms in individuals with sleep disorders.

The impact of user addiction on continuance intention to use streaming platforms: incorporating expectation confirmation model and personality traits

The widespread use of the Internet has transformed communication, including listening to music and watching movies. With the development of new technologies, consumers now have more options for viewing new media across many platforms and devices. Consumers now have more options for watching new material across many platforms and devices via OTT (Over-the-Top) streaming platforms. Future trends in consumer behavior will significantly increase competition for the digital media business, particularly in the digital video and music sectors. This article aims to understand better Thai streaming service users, where the country’s digital infrastructure has been developing. By examining their heavy viewing addiction, intention to continue using the expectation confirmation model, personality traits, and implementation of the 7Ps in marketing. An online questionnaire-based survey of Thai respondents was used to evaluate the proposed models empirically. The study used path analysis and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to investigate how continuance intention toward streaming services is affected by other endogenous variables in Thailand. The empirical results found that the user’s satisfaction and addiction of users to heavy viewing were found to be key factors influencing the intention to continue using streaming services in the Thai environment. Likewise, the study confirms the importance of the Big Five personality traits theory in impacting the behavior of streaming service consumers. Introverted persons may perceive streaming services as more useful and enjoyable. The findings deepened our understanding of Thai streaming consumer behavior and offered more insight into market trends for streaming services.

Personality Prediction System Using Machine Learning

A personality prediction system leverages advanced data analysis techniques to assess and predict an individual's personality traits based on diverse inputs such as text, voice, behaviour, and biometric data. These systems typically utilize psychological models, like the Big Five Personality Traits or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), to derive insights from patterns in the data. Text-based prediction systems use natural language processing (NLP) to analyze written or spoken communication, while voice-based systems analyze vocal attributes such as tone and pitch. Behavioral and biometric data further enhance the accuracy of these systems, with applications spanning areas like human-computer interaction, marketing, recruitment, and mental health. With the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, these systems are increasingly capable of delivering personalized insights, offering the potential for a wide range of applications from customer engagement to psychological well-being. This abstract outline the core mechanisms, applications, and future directions of personality prediction systems, highlighting their potential to transform how individuals are understood and interacted with in both digital and real-world contexts.

Prediction of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among rural Chinese junior high school students: a machine learning approach

AimsNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious issue that is increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents, especially in rural areas. Developing a suitable predictive model for NSSI is crucial for early identification and intervention.MethodsThis study included 2090 Chinese rural children and adolescents. Participants’ sociodemographic information, symptoms of anxiety as well as depression, personality traits, family environment and NSSI behaviors were collected through a questionnaire survey. Gender, age, grade, and all survey results except sociodemographic information were used as relevant factors for prediction. Support vector machines, decision tree and random forest models were trained and validated by the train set and valid set, respectively. The metrics of each model were tested and compared to select the most suitable one. Furthermore, the mean decrease Gini index was calculated to measure the importance of relevant factors.ResultsThe prevalence of NSSI was 38.3%. Out of the 6 models assessed, the random forest model demonstrated the highest suitability in predicting the prevalence of NSSI. It achieved sensitivity, specificity, AUC, accuracy, precision, and F1 scores of 0.65, 0.72, 0.76, 0.70, 0.57, and 0.61, respectively. Anxiety and depression were the top two contributing factors in the prediction model. Neuroticism and conflict were the factors that contributed the most to personality traits and family environment, respectively, in terms of prediction. In addition, demographic factors contributed little to the prediction in this study.ConclusionThis study focused on Chinese children and adolescents in rural areas and demonstrated the potential of using machine learning approaches in predicting NSSI. Our research complements the application of machine learning methods to psychiatric and psychological problems.

Characteristics of people who report firearm suicidal ideation in the USA

ObjectivesFirearms are the most common method of suicide, yet little is known about the attributes of people who contemplate firearm suicide. The objective of this study was to describe people...

Micro resistance from the margin: Tracing modernity in Bhisham Sahni’ s Madhavi

Bhisham Sahni’s adapted myth, in the form of a drama, portrays the character Madhavi as a victim of patriarchy. She is used to fulfil the male ego, such as Galav’s stubbornness for Gurudakshina, Yayati’s generosity, and Vishwamitra’s sexual desire. However, in the end, she valiantly challenges the male domination by boycotting the Swayambar. It deals with the issue of micro resistance from the characters belonging to the margin. Furthermore, it endeavours to reveal the process of modernity through resistance, the practice of self-decision, and the use of reason, which serves the purpose of elevating modern human beings from the docile to the autonomous agency, resulting in a modern social context. This study aims to reveal the hitherto cultural hegemony prevalent in society through the use of myth and creating the spirit of modernity. The text, Madhavi, in English, was selected purposefully for data collection and analysis. Data related to the resisters, authorities resisted, causes, and the way of resistance were collected and coded, determining the categories to develop the broad theme of resistance from the margin. Themes were analyzed, making connections among the categories and approaching with the theories of modernity, especially accentuating traits of the modern person. The findings indicate that characters from the margin, such as Ashramites, Tapas, and Madhavi, challenge the authorities from educational, cultural, and political domains. They resist the authorities for justice and social harmony through rationality. The revelations suggest that an in-depth study of mythical episodes can further reveal more about the malpractices and beliefs prevalent in society, which can pave the way for the search for modernity.

Justice sensitivity of youth with different levels of income as an actual socio-psychological problem

The article substantiates the relevance of studying the socio-psychological determinants of sensitivity to justice in Russian youth with different levels of wealth. The sensitivity to justice concept itself has been revealed, its structure presented and its evolution shown; the wealth concept has been given. Four roles that a person can occupy in situations subjectively perceived as unfair (a ‘victim’ – the injustice is committed towards them; a ‘witness’ – they observe injustice towards another people; a ‘beneficiary’ – a person benefits from the situation of injustice towards another one; a ‘violator’ – they act unfairly) have been characterized. A review of domestic and foreign studies of the relationship among sensitivity to justice and other personality characteristics, carried out over the past five years on various samples, has been given. Prospects for research into various aspects of this scientific problem, including cross-cultural differences, have been shown. Sensitivity to justice in modern social psychology is characterized as a relatively independent personality trait, but its socio-psychological determination is poorly studied. The model of empirical research of socio-psychological determinants of sensitivity to justice in youth with different levels of wealth has been presented.

Health-Related Quality of Life and the Role of the Big Five Personality Traits in Postlingually Deaf Cochlear Implant Users.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the Big Five personality traits, speech understanding, and sociodemographic factors in a group of postlingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users. The study group included 81 participants who met the inclusion criteria: profound sensorineural hearing loss, 18 years of age or more, and using at least one CI implanted after 18 years of age. Some 18% were bilateral CI users. The mean age of the participants was 60 ± 11 years. They completed the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL-8D) and the Short Form IPIP-BFM-20 (shortened version of the 50-item Big Five Markers Questionnaire from the International Personality Item Pool). The response rate was 57%. The HRQoL was lower in the study group than in the general population. Moreover, all Big Five personality characteristics were significantly lower than the Polish norm. The personality traits of intellect/imagination, emotional stability, and extraversion contributed to higher overall HRQoL scores, particularly for most psychosocial AQoL-8D dimensions. Higher agreeableness predicted higher HRQoL in the Independent Living, Pain, Coping, and Relations dimensions, whereas higher extraversion predicted higher physical HRQoL in the Senses dimension. Better speech understanding in quiet and noisy environments correlated with better physical HRQoL. Additionally, male gender and higher education were linked to higher global HRQoL. Conversely, being female was associated with lower global psychosocial and physical HRQoL, particularly in Pain. Higher education also contributed to improved physical HRQoL. In general, CI users have lower physical and psychosocial HRQoL as well as in measures that depend on personality traits. In terms of physical HRQoL, speech understanding plays an important role. It might prove useful if CI candidates and users were given a Big Five personality evaluation and an HRQoL assessment based on which they might be offered counseling or psychological intervention.

Leaders’ Personality Traits and Teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Towards a Leadership Excellence Initiative

Leaders’ Personality Traits and Teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Towards a Leadership Excellence Initiative

Association of Clinical, Biomechanical, and Psychosocial Factors with Smile Dynamics in Unilateral Cleft Lip: A Multicenter Observational Study.

To investigate the association between clinical, biomechanical, and psychosocial factors and smiling behavior in individuals with treated unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (UCL ± P) compared to non-cleft controls. Multicenter observational study in New Zealand. Individuals aged ≥15 (N = 42) comprised 2 study groups: a UCL ± P group (N = 21) and a non-cleft control group (N = 21). Participants viewed an amusing video while their facial expressions were recorded. Smile features were automatically detected via software. A clinical outcome, nasolabial esthetics, was scored using the Asher-McDade system. Perioral biomechanical properties were measured via myotonometry. Smile Esthetics-related Quality of Life (SERQoL), Orofacial Esthetics Scale (OES), and personality (IPIP-NEO-60) questionnaires were completed. Smile features and personality traits did not differ between the groups. Participants with UCL ± P exhibited higher stiffness (+44.2%; Cohen's d = 1.6) and tone (+22.6%; Cohen's d = 1.9) at the cleft scar site, and higher decrement (or lower elasticity, +8.5%; Cohen's d = 0.8) adjacent to the scar. Nasolabial esthetics and elasticity of the scar correlated with the duration of smiles and relative smile time (-0.50 < R < -0.44; p < .05). Participants in the UCL ± P group had lower scores for the OES and higher impacts on SERQoL for social contacts and dental self-confidence. Adolescents and adults with UCL ± P exhibit similar smile behavior as their cleft-free peers-at least in non-social settings. Nasolabial esthetics and perioral biomechanical properties are associated with propensity to smile. UCL ± P is negatively associated with smile-related quality of life and an individual's perception of their facial appearance.

Hand that rocks the cradle: Impact of personality on business succession in family-owned small business

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurs’ cognitive and decision-making capabilities, as well as their ability to handle relationship dynamics, are influenced by their personality traits. This study aims to identify the personality traits of descendant entrepreneurs that contribute to the successful transition of their family-owned small businesses (FoSBs) into subsequent generations and to determine which traits require strong support from their predecessors for a successful succession transition. This study collected data from 224 descendant entrepreneurs using purposive sampling. SmartPLS software was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that descendant entrepreneurs with openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness traits can handle succession matters successfully, while those with neuroticism traits may not. The study found that descendant entrepreneurs with extroversion and agreeableness traits benefit from strong relationships, while those with weak relationships can still contribute to successful succession due to their openness traits. Entrepreneurs with a conscientiousness trait can succeed without support from their predecessors, but neuroticism traits hinder successful succession. The study provides guidance for business families and policy makers on assigning job responsibilities and preserving relationship quality based on the personality traits of the descendant entrepreneur. It introduces a framework for FoSBs using the trait activation theory, with the predecessor–descendant entrepreneur relationship as a situational moderator. The study found that not all descendant entrepreneurs require strong support from their predecessors for a successful transition.

Navigating Political Disagreement on Social Media: How Affective Responses and Belonging Influence Unfollowing and Unfriending

While recent research has demonstrated how exposure to cross-cutting political opinions intensifies politically motivated disconnectivity on social media, there has been a notable gap in examining the influence of emotions and psychological traits in this process. Guided by the theories of selective avoidance and affective intelligence, our study employed a survey through Qualtrics panel drawn from a population-matching sample (&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt; = 498) of the US population to investigate how perceived political disagreement on social media affects decisions to unfollow and unfriend others through the induction of affective responses (e.g., anger, anxiety) and the role of psychological trait—need to belong. Controlling for demographics and political ideology, our mediation analysis revealed that perceived political disagreement was significantly related to anger, which was further positively associated with both unfollowing and unfriending on social media. Perceived political disagreement was also related to anxiety while anxiety was positively associated with individuals’ behaviors of unfollowing and unfriending. Furthermore, results showed that the need to belong played a significant role in moderating the relationship between perceived political disagreement and unfriending. When perceiving the same level of political disagreement, individuals with a higher need to belong were less likely to unfriend others on social media, compared to those with a lower need to belong. However, the need to belong did not exert a significant impact on how perceived political disagreement influenced unfollowing behavior. This study contributes to understanding the nuanced dynamics of disconnectivity on social media, particularly in navigating political disagreements.

Is it still autism? The increasing broadening of the autism spectrum.

Clinical significance of a broad autism phenotype (BAP) seems to be increasingly supported by growing reports of high prevalence of subthreshold autism spectrum disorder (sASD) or autistic traits (AT) in various demographic samples, particularly in individuals with psychiatric conditions. We question this increasing extension of the autism spectrum and its potential negative consequences for clinical services, research, cultural attitudes, and resource allocation, as well as alternative explanations of what is currently attributed to sASD and AT. In modern psychiatry the diagnostic threshold is paramount and associated with a significant impairment of functioning, implying that symptom specificity is more relevant than sensitivity. Within a syndrome, symptoms have to be present together, with the parts related to and interconnected with the whole. Single autism symptomatic dimensions have low syndromic specificity and can be observed in many different mental disorders. For instance, communication problems may present in communication disorders, social-cognitive difficulties can be found in schizophrenia, and rigid and/or repetitive behaviors can be found in obsessive compulsive disorder. One alternative interpretation of AT and/or sASD relates to personality traits. For example, within the Big 5 Model, low openness is associated with a dislike of change and a narrow range of interests, low extraversion with social withdrawal and coldness, and low agreeableness with disinterest in others and disregard for their feelings. These risks of overreliance on non-specific aspects of autism are particularly likely to occur with screening checklists, self-assessment, or assessment by a lay interviewer with only limited expertise in clinical assessment.

Actor–Partner Effects of Personality Traits and Psychological Flexibility on Psychological Distress Among Couples Coping with Cancer

In this study, we applied the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) to explore the associations between personality traits (Big Five) and psychological flexibility, on the one hand, and depression and anxiety, on the other hand, among patients with cancer and their spouses. Method: Forty-six patient—spouse dyads (N = 92) completed the anxiety and depression scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), the ten-item personality inventory (TIPI), and the psychological flexibility scale (AAQ-2). Multilevel APIM models, adjusted for multiple testing, showed that neuroticism and psychological flexibility had actor effects on patients’ depression and anxiety. Furthermore, neuroticism had actor effects on spouses’ depression and anxiety, and agreeableness had actor effects on spouses’ anxiety. In addition, patients’ psychological flexibility and neuroticism had partner effects on spouses’ depression. Conclusion: Being psychologically flexible but emotionally stable is important for one’s own and one’s partner’s psychological outcomes in the context of dyadic coping with cancer. Implications include informing couples’ therapists in the context of psycho-oncology on the importance of considering personality traits and improving psychological flexibility.

Unveiling the associations between conscientiousness and emotional intelligence in Paralympic athletes.

This study investigates the association between conscientiousness and emotional intelligence (EI) in Paralympic athletes. A sample of 274 athletes (190 male, 84 female) was analyzed using the Schutte EI Scale and a Conscientiousness scale from the Big Five Personality Traits. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between EI and conscientiousness, with EI explaining 28% of the variance in conscientiousness (p < 0.05). Specifically, optimism and mood regulation demonstrated a high positive correlation with conscientiousness (r = 0.501), while assessing feelings showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.391), and using feelings revealed a low positive correlation (r = 0.120). Gender-based analysis revealed that female athletes scored significantly higher in emotional usage. These findings suggest that promoting EI in Paralympic athletes could enhance conscientiousness, potentially benefiting their resilience and psychological stability. Future research should explore longitudinal designs to examine these associations further.