Personality Traits Of Participants Research Articles

Experience of individuals with unconsummated marriage in Iran: A qualitative content analysis.

Sex is one of the important aspects of marriage and a way of expressing intimacy. Unconsummated marriage is a common problem whose prevalence is about 1.5% in Iran and can significantly influence marital life. This study aimed to assess the unconsummated marriage in a qualitative mode to offer new and beneficial solutions resulting from a better understanding. In this qualitative study, conventional content analysis was used. Data collection and analysis were done from April 2013 to April 2014 with 11 women and 5 men participating, who were referred to the sexual disorders clinic of Tehran Psychiatric Institute and Rasool Akram hospital of Tehran, Iran. The researchers examined the files of people referred to these clinics with the diagnosis of unconsummated marriage. Our tool for data collection was a semi-structured interview. 2 experienced faculty psychiatrists recorded all the information based on standards for reporting qualitative research guidelines. Data were analyzed using qualitative technique and coding. Guba and Lincoln criteria was used for data validity. The codes of the participants' experiences were classified into 6 main categories, which include self-concept, intrapersonal factors, partner's problem, preparedness for sex, emotional relationship between couples, and the effects of unconsummated marriage on the participant's life. Significant experiences among women included excessive anxiety toward the society and their spouses, and among men were weakness and guilt. Being unable to have sex negatively affected their view of life and caused great harm to their self-perception. Participants personality traits and their self-concept, and attitude toward their partners were important issues.

Will personality traits affect the use of e-cigar among college students? A cross-sectional study in Guangdong Province, China.

The prevalence of e-cigar among adolescents and young adults around the world is increasing rapidly, which has a serious impact on the health of young people. This study assessed the prevalence of e-cigar among college students and to explore the relationship between e-cigar use and personality traits. This study conducted an electronic questionnaire survey on college students who were from three undergraduate universities and three junior colleges in Guangdong Province from January 2022 to March 2022. The survey was conducted by stratified cluster sampling, and the respondents were 1362. Statistical descriptions are used to describe the demographic characteristics and personality traits of participants. Mann-Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences between current e-cigar users and non e-cigar users. Two-step hierarchical Logistic regression was used to predict the associated factors with e-cigar use. The prevalence of current e-cigar users was 5.1%. Agreeableness showed statistically significant higher in non-users (Z = 2.585, P < 0.01). Moreover, gender (AOR = 0.312, 95%CI: 0.174-0.562), the relationship with mother (AOR = 5.887, 95%CI: 1.460-23.748), friends who use e-cigar (AOR = 3.808, 95%CI: 2.159-6.719), allowance per month (AOR = 2.482, 95%CI: 1.371-4.490), and agreeableness (AOR = 0.957, 95%CI: 0.918-0.997) were related to the use of e-cigar. The level of agreeableness is associated with the use of e-cigar among college students. All these provided an important theoretical basis for future intervention.

Evaluating Creativity: How Idea Context and Rater Personality Affect Considerations of Novelty and Usefulness

ABSTRACT According to the standard definition, creative ideas must be both novel and useful. While a handful of recent studies suggest that novelty is more important than usefulness to evaluations of creativity, little is known about the contextual and interpersonal factors that affect how people weigh these two components when making an overall creativity judgment. We used individual participant regressions and mixed-effects modeling to examine how the contributions of novelty and usefulness to ratings of creativity vary according to the context of the idea (i.e., how relevant it is to the real world) and the personality of the rater. Participants (N = 121) rated the novelty, usefulness, and creativity of ideas from two contexts: responses to the alternative uses task (AUT) and genuine suggestions for urban planning projects. We also assessed three personality traits of participants: openness, intellect, and risk-taking. We found that novelty contributed more to evaluations of creativity among AUT ideas than projects, while usefulness contributed more among projects than AUT ideas. Further, participants with higher openness and higher intellect placed a greater emphasis on novelty when evaluating AUT ideas, but a greater emphasis on usefulness when evaluating projects. No significant effects were found for the risk-taking trait.

Edible insect consumption and Turkish consumers’ attitudes towards entomophagy

Generally, in the world edible insects have gained popularity and awareness among people. Therefore, the study on Turkish consumers' attitudes and consumption towards entomophagy has important findings. The relationships edible insects with sociodemographic effects, demand to eat and personality traits of participants were determined by online questionnaire method. According to the results, most of the participants have not consumed edible insects before and furthermore both male and female consumers were not found to be positive tendency for eating edible insects. The main factors of rejection behaviors are disgusting, food neophobia and some health and religious concerns. However, a few participants have already consumed edible insects and have mainly exhibited this experience in abroad. Thereby, the study suggests that familiarity and awareness are the most significant factors changing attitudes towards to edible insect consumption for Turkish consumers. To determine consumption behavior and preferences of Turkish consumers, the most significant factors are overpassing the psychological barrier such as neophobia and facilitate entomophagy acceptance. This study could enable the development of strategies to increase desire of eating EI (edible insects) by Turkish consumers and promote insect production.

Do Personality Traits Matter in Preferences of Translation Strategies?

Translation is closely related to languages, linguistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, culture etc. and because of these relations, there are also a lot of theories which give importance either to source language or target language. Linguistic and other features of the source and target texts have been examined for years. But translator is an important element with an important role in translation process as well, and the influence of translators’ personality traits on their translation has been emphasized. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate whether there are relations between translators’ personality characters and their translation strategy preferences. The BFI Test (Big Five-Factor Inventory) is administered to 28 English Translation and Interpreting students at Cappadocia University to determine the personality traits of the participants. Then they are asked to choose one of the suggested translations in accordance with the translation model. The data are analyzed through SPSS (v. 22). The findings indicate that there are significant relationships between personality traits of participants and their use of translation strategies. According to results, agreeableness personality trait has a significant relationship with borrowing strategy, openness and neuroticism have significant relationships with modulation strategy, and conscientiousness has a significant relationship with adaptation strategy. Only extraversion does not correlate significantly with any of the strategies.

Perception of Faces and Elaboration of Gender and Victim/Aggressor Stereotypes: The Influence of Internet Use and of the Perceiver's Personality.

The use of social media, particularly among youngsters, is characterized by simple and fast image exploration, mostly of people, particularly faces. The study presented here was conducted in order to investigate stereotypical judgments about men and women concerning past events of aggression—perpetrated or suffered—expressed on the basis of their faces, and gender-related differences in the judgments. To this aim, 185 participants answered a structured questionnaire online. The questionnaire contained 30 photos of young people’s faces, 15 men and 15 women (Ma et al., 2015), selected on the basis of the neutrality of their expression, and participants were asked to rate each face with respect to masculinity/femininity, strength/weakness, and having a past of aggression, as a victim or as a perpetrator. Information about the empathic abilities and personality traits of participants were also collected. The results indicate that the stereotypes—both of gender and those of victims and perpetrators—emerge as a consequence of the visual exploration of faces that present no facial emotion. Some characteristics of the personality of the observers, such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and affective empathy, have a role in facilitating or hindering stereotype processing, in different ways for male and female faces by male and female observers. In particular, both genders attribute their positive stereotypical attributes to same-gender faces: men see male faces as stronger, masculine, and more aggressive than women do, and women see female faces as more feminine, less weak, and less as victims than men do. Intensive use of social media emerges as a factor that could facilitate the expression of some stereotypes of violent experiences and considering female subjects as more aggressive. Findings in this study can contribute to research on aggressive behavior on the Internet and improve our understanding of the multiple factors involved in the elaboration of gender stereotypes relative to violent or victim behavior.

Personality Traits Do Not Predict How We Look at Faces.

While personality has typically been considered to influence gaze behaviour, literature relating to the topic is mixed. Previously, we found no evidence of self-reported personality traits on preferred gaze duration between a participant and a person looking at them via a video. In this study, 77 of the original participants answered an in-depth follow-up survey containing a more comprehensive assessment of personality traits (Big Five Inventory) than was initially used, to check whether earlier findings were caused by the personality measure being too coarse. In addition to preferred mutual gaze duration, we also examined two other factors linked to personality traits: number of blinks and total fixation duration in the eye region of observed faces. No significant correlations were found between any of these measures and participant personality traits. We suggest that effects previously reported in the literature may stem from contextual differences or modulation of arousal.

LO21: Mentorship in Canadian emergency medicine residency training programs: a needs assessment

Introduction: Research supports the role of mentors in the personal development and career advancement of medical trainees. Compared to non-mentored peers, mentored residents are nearly twice as likely to describe excellent career preparation and demonstrate objective career success. In prior research, only 65% of training programs in Canada had a mentorship program, and 40% indicated a need for more formal mentorship models. Methods: A needs assessment survey was distributed to RCPSC Emergency Medicine (EM) Program Directors across Canada regarding mentorship available to resident physicians training at their centers. Additionally, all EM resident and staff physicians involved in mentorship were surveyed on their perceptions of current models at their institutions. Both surveys were comprised of binary, open ended, and 5 point likert scale questions. Responses were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Eleven Program Directors responded to the survey. Formal mentorship programs were found in 82% of training centers, with 77% of programs instituted within the past 5 years. Half of resident/mentor pairings were based on a combination of identified career goals, participant personality traits, or resident request. Other pairing methods included perceived resident needs or attending physician request. Most meetings are face-to-face, with one program requiring mutual scheduled shifts. Residents identified that mentorship was significantly associated with benefits to career (p=0.0016) and niche (p=0.0019) development. Formal mentorship was felt to have a significant association with resident academic development (p=0.05) and lower rates of burnout (p=0.0018) by staff physicians. Staff mentors also associated a personal development benefit related to involvement in a mentorship relationship (p=0.0355). Conclusion: The majority of EM programs have adopted formal mentorship programs within the past 5 years. Residents and staff identify that mentorship relationships are associated with improved career and niche development as well as academic advancement. Future research will include a before and after study of the implementation of a formal mentorship program within the RCPSC-EM program at the University of Manitoba.

Notas para un debate sobre alfabetización informacional y rasgos de personalidad

Among the competence dimensions involved in digital literacy, the emotional dimension has to do with learning to control negative emotions, developing empathy and building a digital identity characterized by affective-personal balance in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). We know that, depending on their personality traits, individuals act differently when faced with information behaviours. The question raised is to what extent the psychological characteristics of the recipients are included in a specific strategy of information literacy, considering that intrinsic motivation and attitude of the participants constitute an essential aspect of these learning processes. Studies on personality traits and informational behaviour, such as that carried out by Heinström, guide us in this regard. The proposal to include simple, brief personality tests, using ICT applications or social networks, would allow us to know beforehand the personality traits of participants in an information literacy program, adapt it to their characteristics, and improve its effectiveness.

The Long Reach of One’s Spouse

You marry your spouse “for better, for worse” and “for richer, for poorer,” but does your choice of partner make you richer or poorer? It is unknown whether people’s dispositional characteristics can seep into their spouses’ workplace. Using a representative, longitudinal sample of married individuals (N = 4,544), we examined whether Big Five personality traits of participants’ spouses related to three measures of participants’ occupational success: job satisfaction, income, and likelihood of being promoted. For both male and female participants, partner conscientiousness predicted future job satisfaction, income, and likelihood of promotion, even after accounting for participants’ conscientiousness. These associations occurred because more conscientious partners perform more household tasks, exhibit more pragmatic behaviors that their spouses are likely to emulate, and promote a more satisfying home life, enabling their spouses to focus more on work. These results demonstrate that the dispositional characteristics of the person one marries influence important aspects of one’s professional life.

PICTORIAL COGNITIVE TASK RESOLUTION AND EXPIRED MINUTE VENTILATION, OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND HEART RATE

To assess the impact of cognitive task solving on respiratory and cardiovascular parameters. The ML870B80 Exercise Physiology System was used to record concurrently with EEG, the cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions of subjects during cognitive activity. The Expired Minute Ventilation (VE), Oxygen Consumption (VO2), Carbon Dioxide Production (VCO2) and Average Heart Rate (BPM) were ascertained for four periods: (1) rest or starting period, (2) reference period, (3) cognitive task solving period and (4) recovery period. Each period was defined by the type of presented visual stimuli and by the prearranged cognitive activity related to visual stimuli. The personality traits of participants were also determined. The momentary functional state of subject's brain (i.e. the period of the experiment) determined the average values of all measured parameters. During the cognitive task solving period the average VE, VO2 and VCO2 reached the lowest values while the HR behaved reversely--it was the highest in the cognitive task solving period. Further, the average VE, VCO2 and HR values but not VO2 value differed significantly from average values for the same variable measured in the rest period. The changes in respiratory variables during the cognitive task solving period predicate the whole-body metabolic rate rather than the energy metabolism of the brain alone. However, the heart rate related to some personality traits of the subject has a tighter relation to brain's energy metabolic rate during the cognitive task solving--it affects the oxygen supply of the brain.

Personality traits moderate the perception of music-mediated emotions

Event Abstract Back to Event Personality traits moderate the perception of music-mediated emotions Jonna K. Vuoskoski1* and Tuomas Eerola1 1 Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä , Finland Background: Although listeners perceive emotions represented by music in a relatively consistent manner, there are also notable differences between individuals’ emotional evaluations. Personality traits have been shown to influence the processing of emotions (Rusting, 1998), but this is yet to be studied in detail in the context of music-mediated emotions. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate how personality traits moderate the perception of music-mediated emotions. Methods: 116 participants listened to 110 short (15 s), unfamiliar film music excerpts and rated the emotions represented by the excerpts using basic emotion scales and the three-dimensional model of affect. Personality was assessed using The Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava 1999). Results: The results revealed that certain personality traits and emotional evaluations are significantly correlated. Neurotic participants had the tendency of rating the excerpts as more sad and tense, whereas the extraverted participants rated the excerpts as more positive. There was also a significant difference in the range of the rating scales used by the neurotic and extraverted participants. Conclusions: The personality traits of participants should be taken into consideration in future studies on music and emotions, as they influence the participants’ emotional evaluations. Conference: Tuning the Brain for Music, Helsinki, Finland, 5 Feb - 6 Feb, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Posters Citation: Vuoskoski JK and Eerola T (2009). Personality traits moderate the perception of music-mediated emotions. Conference Abstract: Tuning the Brain for Music. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.02.018 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 23 Jan 2009; Published Online: 23 Jan 2009. * Correspondence: Jonna K Vuoskoski, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland, jonna.vuoskoski@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Jonna K Vuoskoski Tuomas Eerola Google Jonna K Vuoskoski Tuomas Eerola Google Scholar Jonna K Vuoskoski Tuomas Eerola PubMed Jonna K Vuoskoski Tuomas Eerola Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Who volunteers for phase I clinical trials? Influences of anxiety, social anxiety and depressive symptoms on self-selection and the reporting of adverse events

To investigate the influence of anxiety, social anxiety and depressive symptoms on the willingness of healthy subjects to volunteer for phase I studies and to report adverse events. A group of healthy subjects who had never participated in a clinical trial ("Naïve Subjects") were invited to participate in a phase I study. All subjects were assessed for trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-T), social anxiety (Social Avoidance and Distress, SAD, and Fear of Negative Evaluation, FNE) and depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-II). Subjects who accepted the invitation to participate were compared with those who refused. The personality traits of a group of "Actual Participants" were examined, and the relation of these traits to adverse events reported during participation was evaluated. A significant inverse correlation was found between the STAI-T (R = -0.203, p < 0.05) and SAD (R = -0.204, p < 0.05) scores and the willingness to participate. Naïve Subjects who refused the invitation to participate showed higher scores on STAI-T (Z = -2.600, p < 0.01) and SAD (Z = -2.524, p < 0.05) inventories. Logistic regression using BDI-II, STAI-T, SAD and FNE as covariates also showed that the only unique predictors of participation were the STAI-T (p < 0.05) and SAD (p < 0.01) scores. Significant positive correlations were found between trait anxiety and reporting of adverse events. Participants in phase I studies are a self-selected sample defined by low trait-anxiety and social avoidance behaviors. This self-selection bias may affect the study results because less anxious subjects tend to report fewer adverse events. The characterization of a participant's personality traits may be important in phase I studies.

A study of the factors affecting the likelihood of patients participating in a campaign to improve staff hand hygiene

his study aimed to seek patient opinion on being asked to participate in a campaign to improve staff compliance with handwashing and to identify factors that may influence the likelihood of patients asking staff to wash their hands. A descriptive survey of 200 patients (150 participants, response rate 75 per cent) about to be discharged from an acute NHS Trust was completed. The age, gender, previous experience, opinions and personality traits of participants were explored. The results showed that 118 (79 per cent) thought they should be involved in helping staff improve hand hygiene and that extraversion was the only personality trait with a significant association with this tendency of wanting to be involved. Age was a significant factor in how likely participants were to ask different groups of staff and how they would feel about asking, with older people being more reluctant. Participants valued measures that facilitated them asking — staff wearing badges was the most popular of these. Groups of patients in this and other studies (National Patient Safety Agency, 2004) indicate that patients want to be involved in helping to improve hand hygiene. In practice, we need to acknowledge the complex nature of involving individuals in challenging staff to improve their own care, and also that hand hygiene is ultimately the responsibility of health professionals.

Patient characteristics and the allocation of scarce medical resources

This was the sixth study in a programmatic series (Furnham, 1996; Furnham & Briggs, 1993; Furnham & Ofstein, 1997; Furnham et al., 1999; 2000) that examined the effects of participant personality and patient characteristics on the preferential allocation of scarce medical resources. Patients differed in gender, personality, mental illness and intelligence. Participants favoured extraverts over introverts; those with no history of mental illness over those with a history; and the highly intelligent over the moderately intelligent. There was little evidence that the personality traits of participants affected their ratings of patients. Implications for socio-moral and medical ethical decision making are considered. Both the limitations of this methodology and the implications of these findings for real ethical committees are discussed.

What Relates to the Big Five among South African University Students

The primary goal of the present study was to test the reliability and validity of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory among South African University students. An additional goal of the study was to explore the factors that are related to personality traits. Research participants were three hundred and sixty-eight (103 male and 265 female) students from four universities in South Africa. Two major findings were obtained. First, the majority of the items in the inventory were reliable and valid for assessing the five personality traits of the tested sample. The research participants’ personality traits varied as a function of gender, race, educational level, and socioeconomic status. It was concluded that although the results of the present study has its heuristic value, these results should not be generalized as this is the first study that has obtained results that were different from those in the three other existing studies of South African university students. (IFE Psychologia (2002) 10(2), 28-46