Personality Profile Of Patients Research Articles

The criminal and personality profile of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid psychopathic traits

Sixty-one male forensic patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were categorised into high and low psychopathic trait groups using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version. The groups were compared on their criminal history, symptom profile, personality style, risk scores and subsequent institutional violence. Patients with high scores on the PCL:SV had a greater number of previous convictions and were more likely to have a family history of criminality. The high psychopathy-scoring group had higher levels of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale grandiose and hostile symptomatology, and higher scores on trait impulsivity and aggression. They also had a more coercive, less compliant interpersonal style than the low-psychopathy scoring group. The high-psychopathy scoring group were more likely to be involved in institutional aggression and had higher levels of risk for violence. Patients with schizophrenia and high levels of comorbid psychopathy have a distinctive interpersonal style that may contribute to their greater risk of disruptive institutional behaviour.

Personality profiles of patients with dissociative trance disorder in Singapore.

This report studies the personality of individuals who suffer from dissociative trance disorder and examines whether the personality profiles could predict the individual's frequency of trance states. A total of 58 cases were given the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and their personal information harvested from the case notes and through subsequent interviews. The subjects were also reassessed 1 year later to obtain their frequency of trance states. For both sexes, there were lower extraversion scores and higher psychoticism, neuroticism, and lie scores in the sample compared to the Singapore norms. Of the 47 subjects traced, total episodes of trances that occurred over the 1-year period was positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively with extraversion scores. The high lie scores in individuals with dissociative trance disorder could be a reflection of their concern of how others perceive them. The motivation could be that of restoration of self-esteem or "face." The profiles in the EPQ could be used to predict the individual's frequency of trance states. Subjects with personality traits like nervousness, excitability, and emotional instability were more likely to have a higher frequency of trance states.

Personality Profiles in Patients Referred for Chest Pain: Investigation With Emphasis on Panic Disorder Patients

Patients (N = 199) referred to cardiac outpatient investigation because of chest pain were assessed with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4). Thirty-nine percent scored positive for any personality disorder. Borderline and avoidant personality disorders were found significantly more often in patients with panic disorder (PD) (n = 72) than in patients without PD (12.5% vs. 2.5%, 23.7% vs. 7.7%, respectively). In PD patients, the presence of any personality disorder was significantly associated with higher scores of self-reported anxiety-agoraphobia symptoms, neuroticism, and the presence of suicidal thoughts. These results suggest that personality pathology is important in a subgroup of patients presenting with chest pain and that these patients may require more extensive treatment.

DSM-III personality disorders in generalized anxiety, panic/agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorders

In an earlier report, we stated that personality profiles of patients with panic disorder/agoraphobia (n = 187) and obsessive-compulsive disorder ([ODC] n = 51) were similar, albeit more pronounced in OCD, suggesting that the link between panic disorder/agoraphobia and DSM-III personality disorders (PDs) or traits may be nonspecific. The present report extends the comparative study of DSM-III PDs/traits, as assessed by the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), by adding a third diagnostic group of 39 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The personality assessment of panic disorder/agoraphobia and GAD patients yielded virtually identical results on the PDQ and Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Because GAD lacks the prominent panic, phobic, and obsessivecompulsive symptoms of other anxiety disorders, the present findings provide strong support for a nonspecific link between panic disorder/agoraphobia and DSM-III PDs/traits and for the presence of common personality characteristics in anxiety disorders.

MMPI Personality Profiles in Patients With Primary Headache Syndromes

The role of psychological factors in the course of primary headache syndromes is still controversial. Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) we investigated the personality profiles of 434 headache patients (160 migraineurs, 95 with tension type headache, 30 with cluster headache and 149 with combination headache) in accordance with the IHS criteria. In the first three MMPI scales (hypochondria, depression, hysteria) there was a slight increase in T mean values to over 60, but still in the range of two standard deviations of the normal population. There were no statistically significant differences between the four headache groups and between patients with and without analgesic abuse. It was impossible to distinguish headache groups on the basis of their personality profiles by means of reclassification with discriminant analysis. In a cluster analysis, patients with cluster headache showed the highest number (20%) of abnormalities, but also the highest percentage (13%) of completely normal results. Our findings--a cross section analysis of personality profiles--contradict many other MMPI-based studies.

Stress and Psychologic and Environmental Factors in Functional Dyspepsia

Patients with functional dyspepsia are a heterogeneous group in whom psychologic and environmental factors and stress may contribute to their reports of symptoms. There is no unique personality profile in patients with functional dyspepsia. Although they have more anxiety, neuroticism, and depression than healthy subjects, their personality scores are no different than other patients with chronic abdominal pain syndromes, be they organic or functional in nature. Social factors including older age, male gender, unmarried status, and social incongruity are associated with increased frequency and severity of symptoms but not health-care-seeking behavior. Childhood role models with abdominal pain and the tendency to perceive negative life events as having great impact on their lives may affect the coping skills of these patients. Although patients with functional dyspepsia react to acute experimental stress with gastric physiologic changes similar to healthy subjects, their visceral pain thresholds are lower, which may contribute to their reports of symptoms. Despite common beliefs, most environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol, coffee, or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not important contributors to these patients' symptoms.

Influence of neurological factors on the personality profile of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

The influence of some neurological parameters, i.e., laterality of the epileptic focus, presence of a focal brain lesion, on the personality profile of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was investigated in 54 patients matched on social, educational, and medication factors. The subjects completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and their profiles were evaluated on the basis of clinical scale scores and the Goldberg rules. For each group of patients, defined by single or paired parameters, the absolute values were calculated and comparisons were made between groups with opposite features. Whereas the results ruled out a significant role for single parameters in affecting the personality profile, the most significant findings involve whether or not the patients show an atrophic lesion on the temporal lobe. An interesting feature of nonlesional epileptic foci suggested an activating role rather than an impairing effect on patient behavior.

Anxiety and Life Events in Childhood Migraine

The assumption that anxiety and stressful life events are major precipitants of childhood migraine was examined by comparing a group of children referred for evaluation of headaches with their headache-free best friends. Before assessment, 39 children (average age 11 years, 20 girls) and their parents completed standard anxiety, personality, and life events scales. The same scales were administered to the control children and their parents. All subjects met Prensky's criteria for migraine, and all reviewed an audiovisual program on migraine and were given the same instruction about analgesic medications. History of headache averaged 35 months (1 to 132 months). No statistically significant differences were found between patients and controls or between the two groups of parents on any of the anxiety or life events scales. Children's anxiety scores were not related to parents' anxiety scores. Personality profiles of patients were similar to controls. Headache diaries were used to assess headache severity and frequency during a 4-month follow-up period. Although all patients had anxiety scores within the normal range, those with higher self-rated anxiety scores at initial assessment had significantly more frequent and severe headaches during the follow-up period (P less than .001). We conclude that children with migraines are not more anxious or stressed than their friends. Normal amounts of stress and anxiety appear to lead to the expression of migraine; however, more anxious children with migraines have more frequent and severe headaches.

Personality profile of patients with different types of chronic oro-facial pain

Personality profile of patients with different types of chronic oro-facial pain

The use of Cattell's personality profile in patients who have had preprosthetic surgery

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that certain personality characteristics of patients referred to the Dental Hospital for whom preprosthetic surgery was proposed for various clinical reasons, could influence the likelihood of an operation being worthwhile and having a successful and satisfactory outcome from the point of view of the patient and the dental surgeon. Initially, a sample of 26 patients completed Cattell's 16 PF Questionnaire. Three years later 23 of these patients completed a second questionnaire that assessed satisfaction with treatment. The results suggested that the dissatisfied patients were less bright, more unstable, more meticulous, more self-centred than the satisfied group, and that personality questionnaires are more accurate at predicting those patients who are going to be dissatisfied with their postoperative result than clinical predictions. However, these questionnaires are not accurate enough on their own to justify excluding certain patients from undergoing preprosthetic surgery.

The use of Cattell's personality profile in patients who have had preprosthetic surgery: Reeve P., Stafford G. D., Watson C. and Hopkins R. J. Dent.10 (1982) 121–130

The use of Cattell's personality profile in patients who have had preprosthetic surgery: Reeve P., Stafford G. D., Watson C. and Hopkins R. J. Dent.10 (1982) 121–130

Age and personality profiles of patients with chronic pain.

Age and personality profiles of patients with chronic pain.

A Psychological Study of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Painful Diseases.

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972A Psychological Study of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Painful Diseases.Harry Robinson, Sc.D., Robert F. Kirk Jr., M.S., Roland F. Frye, Ph.D., James T. Robertson, M.D.Harry Robinson, Sc.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert F. Kirk Jr., M.S.Search for more papers by this author, Roland F. Frye, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, James T. Robertson, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-881_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA previous study found evidence of a personality profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with three groups of patients with chronic nonpainful diseases. To see whether these results represented a unique rheumatoid arthritis personality or a reflection of the pain forcing patients to a common personality mold, three additional groups of patients were formed and tested. Again the instrument used was Cattell's 16 Personality Factor test. The first group consisted of "new" patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a recent medical diagnosis and "old" rheumatoid arthritis patients who were diagnosed more than 3 years before testing; the second group was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memphis, Tenn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 881-882KeywordsPainRheumatic painRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...

A psychological study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other painful diseases

Excerpt A previous study found evidence of a personality profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with three groups of patients with chronic nonpainful diseases. To see whether these ...

Personality profiles in patients with essential hypertension

Personality profiles in patients with essential hypertension