Personality-oriented Approach Research Articles

Personality-oriented approach to moral consciousness is the basis of the modernization of the system of education and upbringing of the youth of the republic of Uzbekistan

Personality-oriented approach to moral consciousness is the basis of the modernization of the system of education and upbringing of the youth of the republic of Uzbekistan

СТАН РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ У ГРУПАХ РАННЬОГО ВІКУ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ КОНСТАТУВАЛЬНОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ

Preliminary results of the problem of personal development of a child in the early stages of ontogenesis, which is the topic of research "Education of young children in preschool educational institutions of different types", carried out in the Laboratory of Preschool Education and Upbringing of the Institute of Problems on Education of the NAES of Ukraine (2019-2021). Based on the theoretical analysis of the researched problem, practice of organization of educational process in groups of early age of preschool educational institutions of Ukraine, the necessity of application of a polycriteria approach to clarification of a state of development of children of early age groups in preschool educational institutions is proved. The criterion-diagnostic apparatus and methodological tools were developed, which allowed to study the organization of the educational environment and educational process in groups of early age in preschool educational institutions, the readiness of educators of early age groups to implement a personality-oriented approach to organizing children's activities, development of 3-years old children in the following aspects: motor, communicative, social, artistic and aesthetic.Preliminary analysis of the data of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment, quantitative and qualitative results are presented. Thus, the study of the educational environment in early age groups made it possible to establish: the motor space of preschool educational institutions of different types has no fundamental differences; there is a dominance of the educator's position, which minimizes the communicative and personal activity of children; uniformity of methods and forms of interaction of teachers with children, the majority of group forms of the organization of children, actions of children according to the sample and instructions. The study of educators' readiness for innovative pedagogical activity showed the predominance of medium and low levels over sufficient and high ones. According to the criteria and indicators of upbringing / development of young children: cognitive (initial ideas about the means and methods of a particular activity; mastering passive and active vocabulary sufficient for the activity), emotional (interest in a particular activity, desire to act alone or together with an adult, identifying a positive attitude to a particular activity and interaction with others), activity (acting on a sample, adequate use of objects and performing 2-3 actions with them), there were clarified the signs that made it possible to determine the levels of motor, communicative, social, artistic and aesthetic development in young children (primary, secondary, sufficient, high).

Pedagogical excellence in the focus of research at Russian universities

The article presents the results of systematizing the subject areas of psychological and pedagogical researches in 2016-2020, dedicated to generalizations of the reflexively advanced Russian pedagogical practice in the context of the competence characteristics of pedagogical skills accentuation. We analyzed reports on the activities of scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Education, materials of scientific conferences and publications in the reference area of large Russian universities, as well as the regulations of pedagogical excellence competitions. To describe the concept of pedagogical excellence as a theoretical concept, the general orientation of the ideas of the most authoritative authors in psychological and pedagogical science was synthesized: pedagogical excellence is the highest level of a teacher’s ability to involve students in joint educational activities to achieve the planned results of development, education and training. The main vectors of differentiation of scientific directions are determined, based on: 1) a personality-oriented model of the teacher formation in the conditions of modern Russian education transformations; 2) the pragmatic and technological model of the pedagogical excellence formation. Interdisciplinary studies are identified as promising, integrating a personality-oriented approach and elements adapted to Russian conditions: 1) western technological pedagogical approaches, 2) the experience of Soviet pedagogy.

The introduction of a personality-oriented approach in teaching the basic disciplines of the specialty "Rhysical education and sport"

The introduction of a personality-oriented approach in teaching the basic disciplines of the specialty "Rhysical education and sport"

Particularitățile psiholingvistice de formare a competențelor comunicative în limba străină la studenții nonlingviști

It has been found that the modern process of modernization of higher education in Ukraine and its social and economic cooperation requires attention to the foreign language training of non-philological specialists. The English language programs indicate that the main purpose of mastering a foreign language is to master the language as a means of communication - this contributes to the development of students' skills in their ability to use as a tool for communication in the dialogue of cultures. It is argued that from the point of view of psycholinguistics for intensive learning of foreign languages, the most important are: the structure and dynamics of the deployment of speech actions; the role of the speech mechanism in mastering a foreign language; conditions for the successful launch of the speech mechanism. In the communicative competence of students of non-linguistic specialties can be distinguished linguistic, psychological and social characteristics. Linguistic characteristics include speech competence, speech activity, vocabulary, language and stylistic literacy.Psychological characteristics of communicative competence combines the assessment of external mental manifestations and personality behavior in the process of communication, the motivation to develop their individual abilities, communication and the desire for self-realization. And social characteristics appear in the form of the presence of social activity, an adequate perception of the situation of communication and social adaptation. Within the framework of the personality-oriented approach, the object of learning a foreign language is language activity that is active, purposeful, mediated by the language system, and caused by the communication situation of the process of sending and receiving a message.The speech mechanism is a complex of speech skills that are formed during the life of a person, capable of interaction in the interests of education and understanding of speech messages, built according to the rules of a particular language. It is proved that the verbal process is provided by the mechanisms of programming speech utterances, the construction of the syntactic structure of sentences, the «voice acting» of words. A special kind of speech activity is internal speech. Internal speech is closely related to thinking, as it participates in the phases of planning and executing activities.

Реалізація особистісно-орієнтованого підходу до дітей з особливими освітніми потребами за умов інклюзивного навчання

Реалізація особистісно-орієнтованого підходу до дітей з особливими освітніми потребами за умов інклюзивного навчання

К вопросу о повышении уровня воспитательной деятельности классного руководителя

The article actualizes the problem of increasing the importance of classroom leadership in the educational activities of the school, reveals the essence of modern approaches to organizing and ensuring the educational potential of an educational institution, analyzes pedagogical actions that contribute to increasing the effectiveness of teacher-educator activities. The author introduces a complex of interconnected individual educational influences that contribute to raising the effectiveness of education. The importance of a personality-oriented approach in improving the qualifications of a teacher-educator as a factor in ensuring the successful development of an individual style of activity formed on the basis of individual characteristics is noted.

Прогностична функція професійної діяльностіпіаніста-концертмейстера у класі вокалу

Research objective of the study is to determine the main indicators of the prognostic function of professional activity of the pianist-concertmaster in the vocal class in the pedagogical aspect. The methodology of the study is the methods of structural and functional analysis, systemic method and interdisciplinary approach to the study of music and performance, as well as the main provisions of vocal pedagogy. The scientific novelty of the study is a special approach to the professional skill of the concertmaster in working with vocal students, aimed at identifying the predictor of the pedagogical process. The prognostic function of the concertmaster’s activity is considered in the context of its pedagogical potential: as a possibility of a personality-oriented approach to the process of vocational training, emotional-psychological interaction with the vocalist, creative dialogue in the process of musical performance. Conclusions. Predictive abilities and skills are the most important structural component of the professional competence of the concertmaster, through which the multi-level interaction of the pianist and vocalist is carried out. This interaction ensures the expediency of solving the set goals and objectives in the student learning process and the success of the concert practice. The ability to predict is expressed at the following levels of activity of the concertmaster: mental (analytical, awareness, flexibility and perspective of thinking), emotional-psychological (emotional responsiveness and mobility of mental reactions), verbal (adequate verbal formulation of goals and practice), complex). The prognostic function of the concertmaster’s activity is a special systemic phenomenon, which is oriented towards the achievement of “artistic result”.

Psychological and Pedagogical Support of Professional Identity Development of Future Social Educators in the Process of Preparation for Guardianship and Educational Activities

The relevance of the article is related to the rapid growth in the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care, which is associated with the need to improve the training of future social educators for professional guardianship and educational activities. Today, psychological and pedagogical support of professional identity is one of the key stages necessary for the full development of a competent social educator, creating favourable conditions for him in the learning process, and subsequently in guardianship and educational activities. The purpose of this article is to provide a theoretical substantiation of the socio-psychological features of the organisation of the model of psychological and pedagogical support for the development of the professional identity of future social educators in the process of preparation for guardianship and educational activities. The scientific work actualises the problem of introducing psychological and pedagogical support for the professional identity of future social educators in the process of preparation for guardianship and educational activities. Socio-psychological features of the organisation of the model of psychological and pedagogical support for the development of the professional identity of future social educators in the process of preparation for guardianship and educational activities are justified on the basis of understanding the philosophical and educational methodology of the personal paradigm of raising orphaned children, a synergetic and personality-oriented approach to the educational process. The author notes that psychological support for the development of the future social teacher’s personality is important, which, in particular, should be based on a synergistic combination of conditions for initiating the process of self-development, and by neutralising the conditions that hinder this process

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИНЕРГЕТИКА КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ЛИЧНОСТНО ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ШКОЛЕ

The prospects of the development of a modern school are mainly determined by the peculiarities of educational technologies available to teachers. Orientation towards the development of a child’s personality requires of schools the transition to the technologies based on the integration of traditional and innovative methods of teaching. The relevance of the study in the sphere of pedagogical synergy carried out by the author is determined by the unconditional need of society in the formation of an open education system and the willingness of teaching communities to work in the format relevant to the challenges of modern society. The paper considers the issue of formation of new approaches to the person-centered education, proves the reasonability of integration of traditional educational technologies and methods of social simulation through playing, focuses on the synergy of the interaction of diverse methods, which ensures high results of the educational process and opens for practicing teachers the unique possibilities of self-fulfillment and self-improvement. The author carried out the study in several directions: a systems analysis of the concepts of a personality-oriented approach to teaching and upbringing; defining the role and place of innovative educational technologies within the system of modern education; identifying the essence of a synergistic approach to pedagogical activity, and identifying the features of modeling and designing of pedagogical activity based on the idea of self-organization. The author carried out sociological research aimed at identifying the attitude of the participants of the educational process to the application of new teaching methods. The study revealed a positive attitude of the educational process participants to the idea of integration of teaching methods of different classes.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ САМОСВІДОМОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ

The article is based on the analysis of scientific sources, reveals the essence of the concept of «professional self-consciousness», identifies the factors of its formation. Various forms of self-consciousness, its components, stages and levels of development of this complex formation are considered. The concept of «self-education» as a certain level of personality development, its self-consciousness is considered. Ways of professional abilities development, introduction of new forms and training methods are given. The components of professional self-consciousness include professional interests and attitudes, the desire to engage the chosen type of professional activity; diverse general and professionally necessary knowledge, cognitive skills and abilities; effective solution of professional situations, creativity as a recession from stereotypes in solving professional problems; adequate assessment of their professional qualities, attitude as a professional to himself. The author identifies the main aspects of professional self-consciousness of future teachers, identifies pedagogical conditions that contribute the process of professional self-consciousness: the usage of personality-oriented approach in the learning process, development of creative and communicative abilities, personal awareness of professional self-development, adequate self-esteem, motivational-pedagogical self-education, application of special methods and techniques of teaching in the process of training future teachers. There are methods and techniques that highlight the effectiveness of this process, namely: the study of professional literature, the study of foreign and national pedagogical experience; participation in professional competitions, contests, conferences; creative tasks performances of professional orientation; usage of game teaching methods, business role-playing games, etc.; discussion of success and failures in the process of performing creative work; determination of acquired knowledge, formation of skills and abilities that are necessary for one's own professional activity; formation of a critical attitude to one's own activity; planning their activities and analysis of what has been done; perception of own positive and negative qualities in pedagogical work. Thus, the formation of professional self-consciousness of the future teacher is a motivated, purposeful activity that leads to improve professional knowledge, skills and abilities, the development of professionally significant personal abilities and qualities.

Научная и педагогическая деятельность Г.С. Меркина

The study aims at identifying the main issues that determine the direction of scientific and pedagogical activity of the honored teacher of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Education, Professor, author of books on literary reading for grades 1–4 and literature for grades 5–9, Gennady Samuylovich Merkin. While gaining this goal, we have carried out the theoretical analysis of G.S. Merkin’s works on the issue of co-creation within the in-class and extracurricular activities on literature, the methodological apparatus of textbooks on literary reading and literature, and have come to the following conclusions. The key issue of G.S. Merkin’s scientific and pedagogical activity is the co-creation as one of the shortest ways to achieve the goal of developing and improving the intellectual abilities of students and as a complex systemic phenomenon in which the interaction of the writer and the reader-pupil is carried out. Realization of the ideas of co-creation in the process of developing the concept of a modern textbook on literature con- tributes to the implementation of an active, cultural, practice-oriented and personality-oriented approach to the study of literature, implying not the assimilation of a certain amount of knowledge by students, but the development of their personality, communication and creative abilities. The innovative approach to teaching literature in the co-creation mode provides for the set- ting of non-traditional tasks and the choice of a non-standard philological and methodological solution, which involves establishing links where they are not obvious. Professionalism of the literature teacher is the most important condition for the successful implementation of the ideas of co-creation within the in-class and extracurricular activities.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF PUPILS’ KNOWLEDGE ABOUT NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING PHYSICS

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific-methodological literature on teaching pupils the elements of nanotechnology and it is found out that the problem of determining the methodological basis for the formation of pupils’ knowledge about nanotechnology was not the object of special study. It is determined that the methodological basis for the formation of pupils’ knowledge about nanotechnology is a system of methodological approaches. The article highlights and substantiates methodological approaches (competence-based, personality-oriented, activity-based and system), which are used for the formation of pupils’ knowledge about nanotechnology in the process of teaching physics. The role of key competencies for studying and understanding nanotechnology by pupils is defined. It is shown that teaching pupils elements of nanotechnology, in turn, contributes to the formation of pupil’s key competencies. The conditions and forms of organization of educational activities of pupils in the process of teaching physics for the formation of pupils’ knowledge about nanotechnologies are defined. The features of a personality-oriented approach are highlighted, which are fundamental for the formation of pupils’ knowledge about nanotechnology. The principles of a system approach are defined, which ensure the creation of an integral methodological system for the formation of pupils’ knowledge about nanotechnologies. The article proves that only a complex combination of the analysed methodological approaches will ensure the formation of a complete system of knowledge about nanotechnology in the process of teaching physics.

Supplementary Education of Children in Modern Conditions of Pseda: Challenges and Prospects

Socio-economic transformations in Russia have led to the need to modernize a lot of social institutions and, first of all, the education system. The present Russian system of additional education for children has a unique potential for the development of different abilities of students. The additional education of children possessing openness, mobility and flexibility, can respond quickly and clearly to the educational request of the family, create a stable environment of culture development, and also develop a conscious civic position. The maximum use of technologies of a personality-oriented approach contributes to a significant relevance for additional education in the whole diversity of its areas. Today the system of additional education plays a huge role in the training and education of the younger generation.

Methodical apparatus for evaluating the state of aviation system safety and security

The article analyzes the existing problems that impede the effective safety management of the flights of the air forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. As a result, this analysis revealed the contradiction between the need to build a safety management system and the lack of effective mechanisms for assessing the state of the aviation system and taking into account the influence of the human factor of aviation professionals on flight safety. The contradiction identified the need for developing a set of methods to estimate the actual state of the aviation system protection from the effects of threats associated with the human factor of flight personnel. A methodological apparatus was developed for assessing the security status of an aviation system against hazardous factors, which is based on applying a personality-oriented approach to assessing and managing the state of an aviation system. The method of assessing the state of flight safety allows you to quantify the state of protection of the crew-aircraft system from the impact of hazards caused by the personal factor of a particular pilot before the flight and to assess in near real-time the state of protection of the crew-aircraft system during the flight. The method of assessing the state of safety in aviation formation allows you to assess the status of safety during the organization and conduct of flights, taking into account the influence of the human factor of flight personnel in near real time.

Development of an early comprehensive care system for children with disabilities in educational and healthcare institutions

Development of an early comprehensive care system for children with disabilities in educational and healthcare institutions

DOMESTIC EDUCATION: MODELS AND EXPERIENCE

The object of the study is domestic education. The subjects of the study are models of domestic education. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of domestic education models as one of the forms of a humanistic, personality-oriented approach to the education and upbringing of a child. The article presents the results of studying the organization of domestic education in international practice. The relevance of the study is due to the introduction of new forms of education, taking into account the global educational trends. The article gives regulatory foundations for the introduction of domestic education in the Russian Federation, formulates the principles of its organization, and categorizes students educated in the family in the form of domestic education. Various models of domestic education are analysed, and the commonly used models are identified. The study also addresses possibilities of additional vocational education to enhance the competencies of parents who organize domestic education for their children, and discusses possible institutionalized and non-institutionalized forms of such additional professional education. The experience of creating a family school in a village in Tyumen region, Russia, is described. A review of international and Russian conferences on domestic education is given. The article points to the problems in the organization of domestic education, such as gaps in the legislative framework, lack of a well-functioning system of state and social support of domestic education, an insufficient amount of methodological literature on domestic education in the Russian language, lack of an organized system of communication between domestic schools, lack of methodological and informational support for the educational process in form of domestic education, inadequate use of resources for additional vocational training to prepare parents for giving domestic education.

Применение проектного метода в обучении русскому языку как иностранному студентов вузов Ирана

The article features project method in teaching Russian as a foreign language to students of Iranian universities. The research objective was to study the opinions of teaching staff (13 interviewees). The research was based on the project theory and personality-oriented approach. The survey showed that most teachers consider this method an indicator of professional skill and argue that project activities affect the motivation of teachers and students. Most of them implement project method in their work. However, they also point out the following problems: a lack of time and effort to create and apply pedagogical innovations, as well as a lack of material incentives and support from colleagues; problems associated with the transition from the role of a mentor to the role of a consultant; difficulties in applying research and creative methods. The results can be used to teach Russian to Iranian university students.

Rehabilitation of patients with hallucinatory-paranoid disorders in mixed dementia

The study involved 72 patients with hallucinatory-paranoid disorders (HPD) in mixed dementia, who were included in the main group. 61 patients with mixed dementia without psychotic disorders participated in control group. The study of the clinical and psychopathological manifestations of HPD and the cha rac teris tics of cognitive impairment in mixed dementia allowed the development of the program of comprehensive personified psychosocial rehabilitation based on the principles of a comprehensive, diff erentiated and personality-oriented approach, and includes a combination of biological and psychosocial effects on all etiopathogenetic links in the development and progression of mixed dementia. The main targets in the developing system of therapy and rehabilitation were: non-cognitive psychopathological disorders, cognitive disorders, psychosocial defi ciency, concomitant somatic and neurological diseases. Effectiveness has been proven of the developed program of therapy and rehabilitation of patients with HPD in mixed dementia. Keywords: mixed dementia, hallucinatory-paranoid disorders, psychopathological manifestations, cognitive impairment, therapy, psychosocial rehabilitation

On Training and Retraining Teachers for Students’ Physical Education

The conducted study was triggered by the problem of transition from a body-oriented approach to a personality-oriented approach inyoung people’sphysical education. The personality-oriented paradigm underlying training and retraining of teachers for students’ physical education was selected as the research methodology, and the model of improving such training of the teaching staff was suggested as a tool for implementing this paradigm. The presented model reflects the most important structural elements that we wished to test during the pedagogical experiment – improving future teachers’ motivation for their own physical activity and assessing the efficiency of a number of elective subjects. The modelis based on the assumed target of implementing activities by a health culture physical education teacher and reflects the actual system of knowledge concerning health and personal responsibility for teachers’ own health and that of students under their care. Also, the stages of building teachers’ professional competence and basic academic disciplines that will make the greatest contribution towards the achievement of the set goals are provided. The outlined stages represent a single process of physical and spiritual education to build future teachers’ knowledge and skills in the field of health culture. As a way to achieve these goals, it was proposed to introduce new elective disciplines for future teachers of physical education, namely: Pedagogical Anthropology, Personality-Oriented Physical Education and Creative Valeology. The conclusion is made that application of the personality-oriented approach to train future physical education teachers and the model of their training and retraining based on this approach would promote building their health culture education in the quickly changing world aimed at physical perfection of its individuals.