Personality Intelligence Research Articles

Let’s Celebrate the Humane in the Humanities

The economic collapse in the U.S. during the Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the problems caused by a generation of funding cuts to institutions of higher education and, with these cuts, the increasing costs for students and their families. The current problems raise anew the questions of what public good is created both by programs in the Humanities and by all forms of higher education. They are not new questions, but the responses often bring out the importance of humane education to a free society. Courses in the Humanities develop more than the skills in communication and critical thinking that employers say they value. Such courses contribute to the personal development, character formation, and emotional intelligence that create a healthy and productive society. The benefits of such education are considerable, but cannot be measured in a strictly business model of higher education such as is often used by institutions balancing budgets, as well as by the overseers to which they report, including regents, politicians, and community affiliates.

인공지능과 법인격 인정

인공지능과 법인격 인정

Influence and interaction of genetic, cognitive, neuroendocrine and personalistic markers to antidepressant response in Chinese patients with major depression

ObjectiveDespite there is a wide range of antidepressants available, with various mechanisms of actions, the efficacy of current therapeutic options is yet satisfactory. Previous shreds of evidence have indicated that genetics, cognitive, neuroendocrine, as well as personality factors, are all intrinsically linked and contribute to the diversity of treatment outcomes. We, therefore, sought to investigate this hypothesis in this study. MethodBased on 610 samples treated with a selection of serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA) or tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), we compared the therapeutic effects of these four classes of drugs by survival analyses. Pharmacogenomic and survival analyses were carried out to explore the hereditary factors for curative effect and the accumulation of genetic factors was further discussed through pathway analysis and the global test. We built a machine learning-based prediction model that integrates genetic and non-genetic factors (including cognition, endocrinology, personality intelligence) to distinguish drug efficacy in single class drug situations. The values of the non-genetic makers after 6 weeks' treatment were collected to evaluate the efficacy of the model. ResultsOur results from the 6-week antidepressant therapeutic study indicated that SSRI and SNRI are better treatments than those of TCA and NaSSA in the Chinese population. Among all possible paired single-agent survival analyses, citalopram and venlafaxine were more effective than mirtazapine. Allele C carriers at rs6354 (SLC6A4) and allele G carriers at rs12150214 (SLC6A4) were significantly prone to poorer treatment response to fluoxetine. Besides, the combination of three loci (rs929377-rs6191-rs32897) located in HPA pathway was significantly associated with the treatment outcome of fluoxetine. In female MDD patients, the minor allele of rs6323 and rs1137070 on the MAOA gene likely lead to a worse response to venlafaxine. Furthermore, genetic variants linked to drug efficacy tended to concentrate on the neurotrophin pathway in depressed patients comorbid with anxiety. From multivariate models, more severe cognitive deficits, psychopathic personality and lower levels of operational intelligence, and higher levels of cortisol predicted worse response status with SSRI or SNRI after 6-week treatment. Notably, genetic factors in the multi-dimensional prediction model for both classes of drugs include loci in HTR2A and CRHBP genes. ConclusionSSRI and SNRI are more suitable for the treatment of Chinese people with depression. SLC6A4 genetic variants, as well as HPA pathway, play an important role in the fluoxetine antidepressant therapeutic response while the polymorphism of MAOA gene involved in the pharmacological action of venlafaxine among female MDD patients. The presence of anxiety in MDD patients was related to the neurotrophin pathway. Genetic, cognitive, neuroendocrine, and personality intelligence factors combined have an ensemble impact on the medication effect of patients with major depression, leading to more precise and personalized medicine for specific groups of people.

The phenomenon of the 100-year Professor Stepan Stoyko – a famous Ukrainian environmental preservationist

An article describes the multifaceted practice of the professor, doctor of biological sciences Stepan Stoyko who celebrated 100 years on the 14th of March 2020. Professor continues his work on Ukrainian environmental, ethnographic, cultural and historical heritage preservation. The scientific work of Professor Stepan Stoyko covers many areas: the preservation of biodiversity, ecosystems, culture, and historical heritage, forest ecology, floristics, the biology of wood species, forest terminology, conservation of virgin forests, the history of science, geosozology, harmonisation of the relationship between society and nature, rationalisation of the nature management. This research became the basement for a list of active measures in the field of rationalisation of the renovation and conservation of the natural resources in the Carpathian Mountains. Professor Stoyko became a famous pedagogue in Ukraine and beyond borders. Stepan Mykhailovych is fluent in seven foreign languages. Under the professor's supervision, 13 postgraduates prepared and defended their dissertations in biology, geography, forest crops. Three of them became doctors of science. In 70-s years of the XX century professor Stoyko, for the first time, among universities in the Western region of Ukraine, began to teach an academic course “Nature preservation” for students of geography faculty at Ivan Franko Lviv National University. Stepan Stoyko has played an important role in the preservation of the unique ecosystems of the Western region of Ukraine. Professor Stoyko personally was engaged in the justification of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Nature Reserve of “Roztochchia”, Carpathians National Park, Shatsk National Park, Uzhanskyi National Park, Synevyr National Park, Yavorivskyi National Park, National Park of “Skolivski Beskydy”, regional landscape parks of “Nadsianskyi” and “Ravske Roztochchia” and many smaller natural reserves. Thanks to the efforts of the Professor the transborder biosphere reserves of “Eastern Carpathians”, “Roztochchia”, “Western Polissia” were created. Professor Stoyko justified the need for preserving nature and developing the historical landscape reserves within the areas where, important for Ukraine, historical events happened. Including the ethnographical reserves in Hutsul region, Boyko region and Lemko region. Professor Stoyko believes that the philosophy of each intelligent person is to create kindness for your nation. He considers that the intelligent person has to raise the Ukrainian national consciousness. And he posits the day of the proclamation of Ukrainian independence as the brightest in his life. Until now, professor Stoyko is actively publishing his scientific works in different publications, writes monographs, consults the young scientists and lectors, participates in scientific conferences and writes articles in the media. Key words: nature protection, ethnocultural heritage preservation, geosozology, nature conservation.

When people estimate their personal intelligence who is overconfident? Who is accurate?

We explore accurate self-knowledge versus overconfidence in personal intelligence-a "broad" intelligence about personality. The theory of personal intelligence proposes that people vary in their ability to understand the traits, goals, plans, and actions of themselves and others. We wondered who accurately knew that they were higher in personal intelligence and who did not, and whether individuals with more accurate estimates were distinguishable from others in their psychological characteristics. Three archival data sets were identified that included both self-estimates and objective measures of personal intelligence: The measures were the Self-Estimated Personal Intelligence scale and the Test of Personal Intelligence. People who were over-confident-overestimating their ability-level of personal intelligence-were positive in their outlook and more sociable. People who provided the most accurate self-estimates were higher in verbal and personal intelligences, more open, and more conscientious than others. People who were accurate about themselves have not been studied before in this context but may, for example, serve as the monitors and thinkers who help keep themselves and others reasonable and on track.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF BORDERS AS A REPRESENTATION OF THEIR INNER WORLD AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION

The saturation of the information space leads to high demands on the human mental world and as a consequence — economic, psychological, cultural, social factors cause various changes in the human body. These changes manifest in the negative manifestations of the mental state of the individual and affect his physical and psychological health. Mental health problems are most often manifested through their emotional and volitional sphere (loneliness, fear, aggression, addiction, staying in the virtual world, depression, psychosomatic diseases, etc.). They are characteristic of modern society and can cause a variety of psychological problems of the individual, which in turn can lead to illness, overweight, sexual disorders, as well as problems in the professional sphere. sphere (loneliness, fear, aggression, addiction, stay in the virtual world, depression, psychosomatic diseases, etc.). They are characteristic of modern society and can cause a variety of psychological problems of the individual, which in turn can lead to illness, overweight, sexual disorders, as well as problems in the professional field. Scientists include psychological problems related to the development of human intelligence. Intelligence plays a significant role not only in its daily activities, but also in the professional field. Scientists have proved the fact that the success of any activity, the adaptation of a person to the conditions of life, a certain environment, etc., depends on the level of intelligence. Changes in the development of personality intelligence can also be reflected in one’s mental health. One way to solve a person’s psychological problems is to ignore them or to soften the general state of the body. The modern world is posing more and more challenges to humanity, so today psychological science must be ready to solve various psychological problems, and this is possible only through their detailed research.

An integrative model of emotional intelligence development of the Chinese secondary language personality in the context of modern management

The formation of skill of understanding the interlocutor’s emotions and correcting one’s own emotions with regard to a specific communication situation, the development of adaptive abilities of the individual through emotional interaction with others, as well as the ability to predict the resulting failures in various types of social activity, should be considered as mandatory conditions for ensuring the success of communication. To study a peculiar aspect of emotional intelligence formation, a research task was set: taking into account the ethno-psychological and cultural characteristics of the Chinese audience, to use the phenomenon of «double alienation» in order to create a role-playing situation that allows one to communicate from another person, removing the protective psycho-emotional mechanisms of the Chinese language personality; in other words, realizing a «compulsion to double alienation». An important place here is also given to a multi-level emotional and communicative reflection, directed both externally and internally. The hypothesis of the study is to investigate the possibility of using emotional intelligence by native Chinese speakers. At the centre of our task was the choice of certain forms of work and the construction of the educational process in a way that would contribute to the development of emotional intelligence of the secondary language personality of Chinese students. In order to prove or refute the research hypothesis put forward by us, we conducted a formative experiment that allowed us to test the methodological innovation and evaluate its impact on the parameter under study. The following interactive methods for developing emotional intelligence were chosen for the experiment: psychological role-playing game-discussion using the «Six Thinking Hats» technique developed by the famous British researcher Edward de Bono as a system for organizing thinking and describing tools for structuring group discussion. The technique helps to develop the emotional intelligence of a manager of a modern company with international activities and improve interaction in multinational project teams. Our experiment showed a non-random connection between the inclusion of a new method of «forcing to double alienation», which takes into account the ethno-psychological characteristics of participants, and the resulting effectiveness, which allowed us to choose it as the optimal one for the effective forming of the emotional intelligence of a secondary Chinese language personality.

DEVELOPMENT FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL INTELLEGENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMAL EDUCATION (CROSS CULTURAL ASPECT)

The research involved 138 Ukrainian and 122 Vietnamese teenagers. The distribution of boys and girls was fairly uniform: there were 78 boys and 80 girls among, 63 boys and 59 girls among Vietnamese. The age of the respondents ranged from 11 to 15 years, the average age of the Ukrainian sample was 13.8, and the Vietnamese sample was 12.10. All children attended English language courses in small groups, were studied willingly and voluntarily. We used N. Hall`s EQ questionnaire to measure intra personal intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, understanding emotions, managing emotions and general level of emotional intelligence, which consists in all the mentioned elements. In addition, we examined the level of subjective control (J. Rotter's Locus of Control Scale test), lifestyle (The Life Style Index by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman, and H. Conte (LSI)), professional inclinations (J. Holland`s test), self-esteem in interpersonal relationships (Pip Wilson`s Blob Tree test). Revealed that emotional intelligence in teenagers affects their position in the team, professional inclinations, to some extent - the locus of control and defense mechanisms. There is a difference between Ukrainian and Vietnamese teenagers on interpersonal emotional intelligence and emotion recognition. Therefore, methods of teaching foreign language in Vietnam should include elements of acting, pay more attention to the definition of emotions. The ability to apply educational technologies aimed not only at learning, but also at the development of emotional intelligence, depending on the ethnic and cultural characteristics of children, should be included in the training program for foreign language teachers.

Twins Assessing Their Own and Parental Intelligence: Examining the Raters' Agreement and the Effect of Raters' and Targets' Gender.

The goal of this study was to explore the raters’ agreement and the effect of raters’ and targets’ gender on self- and parental intelligence assessments in the sample of Croatian twins. Twins were asked to assess their own and their parents’ overall intelligence, as well as specific abilities from the Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. Data was analysed to explore: i) twins’ agreement in parental assessments and behavioural genetic analysis of the overall intelligence estimates; ii) gender differences in self- assessments; and iii) raters’ and targets’ gender effects on parental assessments. The twins’ mean correlation in their assessments of overall parental intelligence was .60. The differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twin correlations were nonsignificant for all of the estimated abilities, and model fitting analysis indicates that hypothesis about genetic effect on parental assessment of intelligence should be rejected. The hypotheses about males’ higher self-assessments for overall intelligence and for the masculine types of abilities - logical-mathematical, body-kinesthetic and spatial abilities - were confirmed. For the feminine types of abilities - verbal/linguistic, inter- and intra- personal intelligences - there were no significant gender effects. Both target and rater effect were found for the parental estimates of intelligence. Fathers were estimated higher on overall intelligence, logical-mathematical, body-kinesthetic and spatial abilities, while mothers were estimated higher on interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. The effect of the raters’ gender was found for overall intelligence as well as for inter- and intra- personal intelligences, where males gave higher estimates of parental intelligences than females.

When's a story a story? Determining interpretability of Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale‐Global ratings on Thematic Apperception Test narratives

The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) measures the quality of object relations in narrative material. The reliability and validity of this measure have been well established. However, a psychometric oddity of this scale is that default ratings are given to select dimensions when the relevant construct is not present. This can result in narrative 'blandness' and may impact clinical findings. The aim of these two studies is to understand these phenomena both psychometrically and clinically. In the first study, we identified 276 outpatients who had SCORS-G ratings for TAT Cards 1, 2, 3BM, and 14, set criteria for narrative 'blandness' across all eight dimensions, and examined group differences. In Study 2, we used a subset (N = 99) of Study 1 and examined how percentage of formal default ratings for Emotional Investment in Values and Moral Standards (EIM), Experience and Management of Aggressive Impulses (AGG), Self-Esteem(SE), and Identify and Coherence of Self (ICS) impacted robustness of correlations across tests of intelligence, psychopathology, and normal personality functioning. Taken together, we identified clinical characteristics of patients who are more likely to produce 'bland' narratives and increased percentages of formal default ratings. Also, an excess of default ratings per protocol impacts robustness of correlations and weakens significant correlations. As cut-off scores increase (>25% and >28.12%), the likelihood of being able to interpret EIM, AGG, SE, and ICS decreases. Psychometric and clinical implications are discussed.

Intellectual property and artificial intelligence

Issues, arising in the field of intellectual property rights in connection with the development of artificial intelligence systems and their impact on the development of legal relations in the economy and culture of modern society, have been considered. Aspects of mutual policies in the field of intellectual property rights and the development of artificial intelligence systems for the development of innovation and creativity have been examined. Questions of copyright and ownership in the interaction of man, collective and artificial intelligence or artificial intelligence systems have been raised and proposed. Issues related to artificial intelligence as an object of intellectual property have been considered. The position of the author on the legal personality of artificial intelligence to intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence systems has been presented, which is expressed in the answers to the questions of the project of the World Intellectual Property Organization to the wide discussion of interested parties, planned for 2020 at the headquarters of the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva. The main conceptual principle of the author on the issues of the planned discussion is to grant the right of copyright and ownership of intellectual property objects created by autonomous artificial intelligence to a dressed subject – a person or collective, a developer of artificial intelligence with fixation of the latter as a sub-subject or instrument of the subject. Traditional categories of intellectual property rights also have been considered, such as patentability and the inventive level of property in connection with the possible generation of these objects by artificial intelligence. Issues related to data, its generation, fabrications and legal relations regarding data have been considered. Harmonization of international intellectual property rights policies to alleviate the technological gap between countries in the context of artificial intelligence development has been examined.

FEATURES OF MANIFESTATION OF SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH KOREANS RESIDING ON THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of socio-intellectual characteristics of Koreans living in Russia. The relevance of the study is due to: firstly, the development of relations between the Republic of Korea (hereinafter - the ROK) with Russia, the historical and geographical foundations of interstate alliance between the ROK and Russia, the expansion of cooperation in various fields and the demand for the Russian language among Koreans; secondly, a significant lack of scientific data on the problem of social intelligence among Koreans living on the territory of another country. Materials and methods. To study the features of the manifestation of social intelligence, the method of N.F. Kalina's “Diagnosis of Social Intelligence of Personality” (SOINT-1,2) and J. Guildford's test “Social Intelligence” were used; to assess communicative and organizational skills, the method of V.V. Sinyavsky and V.A. Fedoroshina "Communicative and organizational inclinations" (COI) was used. The survey sample of the study included 200 Koreans having stayed in Russia for less than 1 year and over 5 years, aged 20 to 46, the average age being 29 years old. Results. The comparative analysis showed the presence of significant differences in the level of social intelligence in terms of the characteristics: the ability to give up leadership, the tendency for striving to adapt to a partner, taking into account mutual likes and dislikes when selecting employees, self-control in communication, and the ability to recognize the structure of interpersonal situations in dynamics among Koreans having lived in Russia for over 5 years than Koreans having lived in Russia for less than 1 year. Discussion and Conclusions. The revealed differences in the level of social intelligence may be due to the degree of acculturation and age characteristics of respondents, which is determined by the specific features of the Korean mentality.

The Relation between Level of Multiple Intelligences and Students' Academic Achievement at the College of Science and Arts in Al-Qaseem University – Arrass – KSA

This study aimed to identify the level of multiple intelligences among male and female students of the Faculty of Science and Arts in Arrass, in the KSA and the relation between students' level of academic achievement and the multiple intelligences. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive method was used, applying the Nile Douglas's scale of multiple intelligences after having been tested on the Saudi environment; and its coefficients of validity and stability were calculated. The study sample was (370) male and female students of the (fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth) levels. The results showed that the overall mean of multiple intelligences was (2.76). It was found that the most common intelligences among students were in this order (from high to low): social intelligence, physical intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, linguistic intelligence, personal intelligence, spatial intelligence, existential intelligence, and natural intelligence. The results also showed the existence of gender differences in the personal (self) intelligence, spatial-spatial intelligence, in favour of females, and differences in logical-mathematical intelligence in favour of males. The results also found a significant relation at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the study level and the linguistic-verbal intelligence and the personal-subjective intelligence. The results also showed a function relation at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the specialization and the linguistic-verbal intelligence, the logical-mathematical intelligence, and the natural intelligence.
 Keywords: academic achievement, specialization, multiple intelligences, study level.

NARASI HEROISME PEREMPUAN DALAM ISU LINGKUNGAN (Analisis Framing Berita Farwiza Farhan di Media Daring Lokal dan Nasional)

Environmental discourse is considered as one of the essential narratives since it involves the role of women. In the gender perspective, women in environmental issues are often described as a sidekick. Farwiza Farhan is one of the environmentalists who contributes to the environmental campaign effort. The study aims to focus on the framing of Farwiza Farhan’s figure against her contribution as the keeper of the Leuser Ecosystem (KEL) on online media environmental reports. This study used the Framing Analysis approach, Environmental Journalism, and Heroism concept. The researchers chose and analyzed three news from online news media: serambinews. com as a local source; and republika. co. id and bbc. com as national sources. This research was analyzed by using Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki’s Framing Analysis method. The finding shows that the news media frames Farwiza Farhan as an environmental activist with a heroism narrative. Farwiza is portrayed as a heroic, selfless, courageous, and intelligent personality. She is adaptive and determined to deal with conflict, and she also has initiative and leadership. Heroism is perceived as an environmental perspective-journalism strategy of online news media to deliver environmental knowledge and to raise public awareness towards the environmental issue.

ПРИНЦИПИ ЕТИКИ ПЕДАГОГА ВИЩОЇ ШКОЛИ: КЛАСИКА І СУЧАСНІСТЬ

The article deals with the development of pedagogical ethics, taking into account the classical principles of its construction. Pedagogical ethics is defined as the science of moral requirements development laws, which are outlined by the pedagogical work features. These moral requirements of pedagogical work are manifested both vertically and horizontally in the teacher activity. The article examines objective features of the external environment that determine the formation of pedagogical ethics. The main feature of constructing pedagogical ethics is to reduce the time of interaction (cooperation) of a teacher with a student: the teacher in a short period of time must establish contact with the student, set out the training material, determine the quality of assimilation of this material by the student and evaluate the student’s residual knowledge. It is noted that despite the fact that the classical principles of pedagogical ethics were formulated more than a century ago, today they are relevant and endowed with the property of self-development. The main pedagogical ethics principles are: impartiality, objectivity; confidentiality; accurate performance of professional duties; avoidance of potential or explicit conflicts. It is emphasized that modern pedagogy should provide the national economy with such an employee, who is a creative, truly intelligent person with a strategic way of thinking. Emphasis is placed on the fact that modern pedagogical ethics needs methods for an objective assessment of a teacher’s own activity; non-standard systems of student censure through the reward mechanism, formation of a modern code of professional ethics for teachers; system of spiritual and moral self-development and self-realization; new techniques to encourage student research. In conclusion, it is noted that the teacher activity should contain a minimum of conflict situations and a maximum of conflict resolution. Important factors are teacher's general culture and patriotic identity.

LUCIANO MARTINI SCRITTORE

Luciano Martini was an intelligent and accurate many-sided person who could have played, in his lifetime, many different professional roles and in fact left on this world clear footsteps of his versatility. In this short paper I am referring just to his literary activity. His main literary piece of work is an essay book dedicated to the figure of Geo Chavez, a young man who became interested to the first aircrafts that in fact had an extraordinary time of interest in France, at the beginning of the twentieth century. Chavez was due to be the first to succeed to cross the Alps by the aerial mean, although he unfortunately precipitated and lost his life at his arrival in Domodossola, on September 1910. I believe that the choice of Martini to tell this heroic and tragic story was due to a deep personal evaluation and to a strong affinity of civil and ethical values. Among the various subjects treated in this book, I wish to point out the cause of the fatal fall that took the life of the young Chavez. This cause was never fully understood since 1910, that is through a entire century but it is accurately discussed by Martini by means of a rational and passional approach worthy of a master who defends the memory of a young pupil lost while being in service. Martini resolutely refuses to believe that the fall of the aircraft might have been due to a human mistake in the maneuver of landing. He believes that the young Chavez was a pilot experienced enough to avoid such an elementary mistake. He is sure and does demonstrate that much more realistic is the hypothesis of a structural collapse of the aircraft itself. Therefore, Chavez fall was comparable to that of Icarus that accomplished his promised flight but finally precipitated due to the wax fusion of his wings. The fact that his fall happened just in the lowest ten meters of altitude was neither a reason of consolation nor of salvation.

Comparing the Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Personal Intelligence Training on compatibility, accountability, and Legitimacy in 14-16-year-old students

Background: Personal intelligence is the ability to understand and regulate emotions relying on a sense of self-awareness. The present study aimed to compare the effect of spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training on the adaptability, responsibility, and legitimacy of students. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted based on a pre-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included 160 individuals within the age range of 14-16 years in the academic year 2018. In the current study, the education office of the region called for cooperation, and 60 students were selected by random sampling from among the volunteers who were willing to participate. The participants were assigned to three groups of spiritual intelligence (n=20), personal intelligence (n=20), and control group (n=20); thereafter, the experimental groups were subjected to 10 training sessions. The data collection instruments included the social compatibility questionnaire developed by Pekol and Weisman and responsibility and legitimacy questionnaire designed by Alipour. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software using multivariate covariance. Results: As evidenced by the results of the current study, spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training had a significant impact on compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy of students (P<0.05). Two-by-two comparison of intervention methods of spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training indicated that personal intelligence training improved studentschr('39') compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy. Furthermore, it was found that personal intelligence training had a more dramatic impact on compatibility, responsibility, and legitimacy of the students, compared to spiritual intelligence. Conclusion: It can be concluded that spiritual intelligence and personal intelligence training increased the compatibility, accountability, and legitimacy of 14-16-year-old students.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORK DEPENDENCY ON PERCEPTION OF PUBLIC SPACE OF THE CITY.

Throughout history, it has always been important for a person to believe in something and be dependent on something (be it a religion, a cult, a group of like-minded people, virtual popularity, rules of video games, etc.). It created a protective effect, gave a sense of involvement (overcoming loneliness) and developed self-confidence. At the same time, this phenomenon turned into emotional dependence and stimulated the person to perform a certain set of actions to get a portion of emotions.At the beginning of the 21st century, over 3 billion people (40% of the population) use virtual public space to communicate with each other [5]. Accordingly, the real public spaces of cities are experiencing decadence. Decadence manifests itself precisely in information that carries space.An individual, moving around the city, is concentrated mainly on himself or in the virtual world in his smartphone. Morover, he is constantly in a hurry and has no time. All the services that he used to apply for here, in this square, are now in his hand and are carried out with one click on the screen. The exchange of emotions and impressions between friends and relatives more and more often takes place in video messages, sound messages, or in chat rooms, using stamped animoji and gifs. The opinion of an authoritative intelligent person is also no longer the subject of a search in a cafe (as in times of “ penny universities”), since more than half of people have a social network profiles and are willing to communicate with you in virtual space. Furthermore, social networks give fast virtual love and attention from completely strangers, something that people have been working on for a long time and which they deserve for years in real life. A successful photo or text and commenting on it, cause an emotional “pat”, which physiologicaly can replace hugs and meeting with friends in a public space.In this context, modern city spaces with eternal haste, annoyed people, public transport, buzzing sounds and unpleasant smells cause stress and desire to rather cross them, or again return to virtual space. Public spaces are gradually losing their communicative function.The leading direction of projects that win the European Public Prize for urban space [7] shows that developers in recent years have been interested in transforming historic, locally known public spaces into open-air museums or so-called “Instagram spaces ".Do not forget about the dependence on video games, which in 2018 officially received the status of a mental disorder.Virtual, painted public spaces in video games, drawing inspiration from very real urban spaces, for people suffering from video-gambling addiction, over time replace the physically tangible ones.Caused by changes in technological culture and the emergence of new emotional dependencies, the style of behavior and lifestyle of modern man is also undergoing changes. These changes are neither good nor bad in substance, but rather a natural process of development. Most importantly, from the point of view of the urbanist- architect, is the realization that the appearance, filling and content of public spaces of cities is transforming. Some features are gradually dying out of their own necessity and other appearing, making the public space interesting for a city dweller already with a set of other emotional dependencies.

الذکاء الشخصی وعلاقته بالدافعیة للإنجاز الأکادیمی لدى الطلبة المعلمین بکلیة التربیة جامعة حلوان Personal Intelligence and it's Relation with Motivation for Academic Achievement for Students-Teachers at Faculty of Education,Helwan University

هدف البحث الحالي إلى الکشف عن طبيعة العلاقة بين متغيري الذکاء الشخصي ودافعية الإنجاز الأکاديمي لدى الطلبة المعلمين من طلاب کلية التربية جامعة حلوان، وکذلک التعرف على الفروق في الذکاء الشخصي ودافعية الإنجاز الأکاديمي تبعا لاختلاف النوع (ذکور، إناث) والتخصص (علمي، أدبي). وقد تکونت عينة البحث الأساسية من (351) طالب وطالبة من طلاب الفرقة الرابعة بکلية التربية جامعة حلوان من الشعب العلمية والأدبية بواقع (155 ذکور، 196 إناث). وللتحقق من صحة فروض البحث تم تطبيق الأدوات التالية: مقياس الذکاء الشخصي (إعداد الباحثة)، مقياس دافعية الإنجاز الأکاديمي (إعداد الباحثة)، وتوصلت الباحثة من خلال البحث إلى العديد من النتائج أهمها: توجد علاقة ارتباطية موجبة دالة إحصائيا بين درجات الطلبة المعلمين على مقياس الذکاء الشخصي ودرجاتهم على مقياس دافعية الإنجاز الأکاديمي، کما لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات الذکور والإناث في الذکاء الشخصي، بينما توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات طلاب التخصصات العلمية والأدبية في الذکاء الشخصي لصالح طلاب التخصصات الأدبية. کما أسفر البحث عن وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات الطلاب الذکور والإناث في دافعية الإنجاز الأکاديمي لصالح الإناث، بينما توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا بين متوسطي درجات طلاب التخصصات العلمية والأدبية في دافعية الإنجاز الأکاديمي لصالح طلاب التخصصات العلمية. The aim of the current research is to reveal the nature of the relationship between the variables of personal intelligence and the motivation for academic achievement among students teachers from students of the Faculty of Education, Helwan University, as well as to identify the differences in personal intelligence and the motivation for academic achievement, according to the difference in gender (male, female) and specialization (scientific, literary). The basic sample of the research consisted of (351) male and female students from the fourth year of the Faculty of Education, Helwan University, from the scientific and literary divisions at the rate of (155 males, 196 females). To verify the validity of the research hypotheses, the following tools were applied: Personal Intelligence Scale (Prepared by the researcher), Academic Achievement Motivation Scale (Prepared by the researcher), and the researcher reached through many results the most important of them: There is a positive correlation statistically significant between the scores of students and teachers on a scale Personal intelligence and their scores on the scale of motivation of academic achievement, as there are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of males and females in personal intelligence, while there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of students of scientific and literary disciplines in personal intelligence in favor of students of literary disciplines. The research also resulted in statistically significant differences between the average scores of male and female students in the motivation of academic achievement in favor of females, while there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of students of scientific and literary disciplines in the academic achievement motivation for students of scientific disciplines.

Transformative basic education in public secondary school students' digital service co-creation and sustenance of digital safety in Lagos State, Nigeria

With digital advancements and technological transformations in today's world and likelihood of increase in years to come, a major concern is how to use school intervention strategies to arm students with critical thinking and personal intelligence skills for safe digital adventures and responsible cooperative behaviours. This study examined basic educational institutions' intervention in students' digital skill acquisition and application for digital safety. The descriptive survey that was conducted on 510 basic nine students from six junior secondary schools (JSS) in the randomly selected education district showed that students formed positive perceptions about school's digital literacy skill intervention strategies. While students' critical thinking was positively related to the sustenance of digital safety, personal digital intelligence was not. It was recommended that digital service providers should offer digital contents in forms that will stimulate users' critical thinking and that digital intelligence should be given more attention during digital literacy trainings.