Person Matching Research Articles

Multi-type attributes driven multi-camera person re-identification

One of the major challenges in person Re-Identification (ReID) is the inconsistent visual appearance of a person. Current works on visual feature and distance metric learning have achieved significant achievements, but still suffer from the limited robustness to pose variations, viewpoint changes, etc., and the high computational complexity. This makes person ReID among multiple cameras still challenging. This work is motivated to learn mid-level human attributes which are robust to visual appearance variations and could be used as efficient features for person matching. We propose a weakly supervised multi-type attribute learning framework which considers the contextual cues among attributes and progressively boosts the accuracy of attributes only using a limited number of labeled data. Specifically, this framework involves a three-stage training. A deep Convolutional Neural Network (dCNN) is first trained on an independent dataset labeled with attributes. Then it is fine-tuned on another dataset only labeled with person IDs using our defined triplet loss. Finally, the updated dCNN predicts attribute labels for the target dataset, which is combined with the independent dataset for the final round of fine-tuning. The predicted attributes, namely deep attributes exhibit promising generalization ability across different datasets. By directly using the deep attributes with simple Cosine distance, we have obtained competitive accuracy on four person ReID datasets. Experiments also show that a simple distance metric learning modular further boosts our method, making it outperform many recent works.

Genetska identifikacija pogrešanih oseb

This article presents identification of missing persons from badly preserved post-mortem remains using molecular genetics methods. Extremely polymorphic and individually specific genetic markers that enable the identification of missing persons are microsatellites on autosomal chromosomes, microsatellites on Y chromosome and control region of mitochondrial DNA. For genetic profile comparison, biological material from post-mortem remains and reference samples have to be collected. If post-mortem remains are found shortly after the presumed death of the missing person, their personal items are used for comparison. If these are not available, (the missing person‘s) relatives could be used as reference samples or achieved tissues stored in medical institutions if biopsy for the needs of medical diagnostics was performed earlier during their life. When reference samples are not available, genetic identification is not possible. The type of biological material sampled from the deceased depends on the condition of human remains. Blood, soft tissues, nails, teeth or bones are most commonly used for genetic identification, and the time required for DNA extraction depends on the type of biological material. The most demanding and time consuming is extraction of DNA from teeth and bones, therefore we use it in cases when only skeleton is available or we cannot get a sufficient amount of DNA for genetic identification from other tissues. If the genetic profile of post-mortem reamains and a reference sample of the missing person match, the strength of genetic evidence has to be statistically evaluated and the probability of identification reported.

Independent hesitant fuzzy group decision making methods with application to person and post matching

Independent hesitant fuzzy group decision making methods with application to person and post matching

Students’ preferences for lecturers’ personalities

The present study set out to examine students’ preferences for lecturers’ personality as a function of their classroom behaviour, core self-evaluations and self-rated character strengths. Various hypotheses were tested: first, students’ Big Five traits would significantly predict corresponding personality preferences for lecturers (the matching hypothesis); second, students’ core self-evaluation scores would significantly predict preferences for extraverted, agreeable and conscientious lecturers; and third, self-rated character strengths would also significantly predict extraverted, agreeable and conscientious lecturers. We also investigated difference in preferences among two ethnic groups (South East Asian/Chinese versus Caucasian/British). In all, 264 British students completed four questionnaires. Conscientiousness was the most desired trait in lecturers, followed by agreeableness, extraversion and openness; neuroticism was the least desired trait. Preference for agreeable lecturers was best predicted by all individual difference variables. Caucasian students had a stronger dislike for neurotic lecturers, while Asians had higher preferences for extraverted, open and agreeable lecturers. There was some evidence of the student–lecturer personality match. Limitations and further research options were discussed.

The Association of Temperament and Character of Mentors/Mentees with Satisfying Formal Mentoring of First-Year Medical Students

Background: There are limited data regarding personality matching of mentors and mentees in medical academic settings. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the relationships between satisfaction of 1st-year medical students with the mentoring program and the mentor/mentee characteristics of temperament and character. Methods: In this prospective study, 99 first-year medical students (59.6% female) were enrolled as a part of formal university mentoring program during the 2012 - 2013 academic year. The mentees and mentors were gender-matched. Participation in the program and the study was voluntarily. Results: Overall, by employing the temperament and character inventory it was possible to correctly predict the satisfaction of a mentoring relationship within the range 65% to 84% through linear, logistic, and non-linear models. Mentees’ cooperativeness and mentors’ novelty-seeking were the significant predictors of total satisfaction scores (R2 = 0.131; P < 0.05). With an excellent prediction accuracy (Pseudo R2 = 0.648, P < 0.05); the higher scores of mentors’ novelty-seeking, mentees’ self-directedness and self-transcendence were the significant predictors of the highest quartile of satisfaction. In contrast, higher scores of mentors’ harm avoidance predicted the lowest quartile of satisfaction. Non-similar harm avoidance, higher novelty-seeking of mentors than mentees, and higher self-transcendence scores of mentees than mentors were significant predictors of mentees’ satisfaction. Conclusions: The current study results revealed that personality dissimilarities between mentors and mentees considerably influenced the satisfaction of mentees, which should be confirmed in prospective interventional studies.

Is your dog empathic? Developing a Dog Emotional Reactivity Survey.

Dogs' seemingly empathic behaviour attracts general and scientific attention alike. Behaviour tests are usually not sufficiently realistic to evoke empathic-like behaviour; therefore we decided to ask owners about their experiences with their dogs in emotionally loaded situations. Owners from Hungary (N = 591) and from Germany (N = 2283) were asked to rate their level of agreement on a 1–5 Likert scale with statements about the reactivity of their dogs to their emotions and to other dogs’ behaviour. We created two scales with satisfactory internal reliability: reactivity to the owner’s emotion and reactivity to other dogs’ behaviour. Based on an owner-dog personality matching theory, we hypothesised that the owner’s empathy, as measured by the subscale on the cooperativeness character factor of the human personality, will correlate with their dog’s emotional reactivity in emotionally loaded situations. In addition we also examined how anthropomorphism, contagious yawning, attitude toward the dog are related to emotional reactivity in dogs as perceived by the owner. In addition we examined how owners rate dog pictures. We found that the scale scores were largely independent from demographic and environmental variables like breed, sex, age, age at acquiring, keeping practices, training experiences and owner's age. However, anthropomorphic and emotional attitude of the owners probably biased the responses. In the German sample more empathic owners reported to have more emotionally reactive dog, as expected by the personality matching theory. More empathic owners reported to have fewer problems with their dogs and they rated a puppy picture as more cute in both countries. 62% of owners from Hungary and 36% of owner from Germany agreed with the statement “My dog is more important for me than any human being”. In Germany, more empathic owners agreed less with this statement and indicated that their dogs have a tendency for contagious yawning. Owners whose attitudes toward their dogs were anthropomorphic (agreed more with the statement that “My dog thinks like a child”), perceived their dogs as more reactive to their emotions. This findings highlights the importance of testing the attitudes of the respondents when they assess the personality and the emotions of animals. The criterion validity of the Dog Emotional Reactivity Survey should be confirmed by objective behavioural tests.

Do opposites attract? Effects of personality matching in breeding pairs of captive giant pandas on reproductive success

Successful and cost-effective conservation breeding programs rely largely on animals doing what should come naturally: mate & reproduce. Behavioral management, especially that targeting mate compatibility and choice, will be important to achieve breeding goals efficiently. The endangered giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, was once notorious for its poor reproductive performance in captivity. Although the panda breeding program has experienced great improvement in recent years, we hypothesized that a better understanding of the role personality traits play in mating behavior could further improve reproductive performance. We used animal caretaker surveys and novel object tests to characterize pandas according to several personality traits—including exploratory, aggressiveness, excitability, fearfulness, and general activity—and tested how variation in these traits influenced mate compatibility and offspring production. Our findings indicate that specific combinations of personality traits showed better reproductive performance than others. Sometimes personality trait similarity enhanced reproduction and sometimes it impaired reproduction, depending on the trait. For example, Excitable males paired with Low-Excitable females had better reproductive outcomes, but pairs with Low-Fearful males regardless of the female's Fearfulness performed better. Males that were more Aggressive than their female partner were more likely to mate and produce cubs than when the female had a higher level of Aggressiveness than the male. Applying these results to breeding management strategies should result in higher reproductive rates and the production of more candidates for China's panda reintroduction program. These results highlight the potential importance of associative mating patterns based on personality for conservation breeding programs for a large number of other species.

A large-scale study of executive and workplace coaching: The relative contributions of relationship, personality match, and self-efficacy.

A large-scale study of executive and workplace coaching: The relative contributions of relationship, personality match, and self-efficacy.

Multi‐directional saliency metric learning for person re‐identification

A multi-directional salience based similarity evaluation for person re-identification (re-id) is presented. After distribution analysis for salience consistency between image pairs, a similarity between matched patches is established by weighted fusion of multi-directional salience. The weight of saliency in each direction is obtained using metric learning by means of structural support vector machines ranking. The discriminative and accurate performance of re-id is achieved. Compared with existing salience based person matching framework, the proposed method achieves higher re-id rate with multi-directional salience based similarity evaluation.

Business Forums Pave the Way to Ethical Decision Making: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Awareness of a Value-Based Educational Institution

In the midst of recent ethical decision-making failures in business in the past ten or more years, businesses are beginning to prioritize the moral fiber of their new-hire business graduates. In addition to academic performance, intellectual drive, and personality match, perhaps there are other key characteristics that employers seek which speak to the importance of ethical decision makers in practice. The question remains, how can academic institutions help instill such values into their students so that ethical decision making transcends their lives? This article suggests that experiential learning through an institutional-sponsored business forum can help enhance an individual’s self-efficacy and awareness of the school’s value-based education, which ultimately will lead students towards ethical decision making in practice. Five years of survey data collected at business forum events suggests that business forums are making a difference in the students’ self-assessed abilities to show greater self-efficacy, better ethical decision making, and an increased awareness of their institution’s value-based education. Specifically, data collected illustrate a mediating effect of self-efficacy and awareness of a value-based education en route to ethical decision making. Further, support is found for the primary hypothesis that attendance at business forums does result in a higher propensity to make ethical decisions. Because of these positive findings, higher education institutions looking to place a greater emphasis on the ethical leadership of their business students may want to explore adding such experiential learning programs.

A prospective, randomised trial of different matching procedures for structured mentoring programmes in medical education

Background: Spontaneous formation of mentoring relationships can be seen as the gold standard in mentoring. Unfortunately, it happens very infrequently. The purpose of structured mentoring programmes is to facilitate the formation of mentoring relationships. This remains a challenging task, especially for large institutions.Aims: We set out to investigate and compare three methods of matchmaking in the setting of our structured mentoring programme. In a prospective, randomised trial we compared personal matching (PM) by an experienced expert to two different electronic data processing (EDP)-supported matching procedures: “online algorithm” (OA) versus “online search” (OS).Methods: PM was performed after structured interviews of prospective protégés by one founder of our mentoring programme. The OA provides students with a choice of 10 potential mentors based on comparison of online profiles. OS lets students filter and search through all available mentor profiles. One hundred and ninty medical students were randomised into the three groups. One year later, we evaluated the endpoints 1. “establishment of a mentoring relationship” and 2. “satisfaction with the mentoring relationship”. Satisfaction with the mentoring relationship was assessed using Munich-Evaluation-of-Mentoring-Questionnaire (MEMeQ).Results: One hundred sixty-five out of the 190 study participants found a mentor. With regards to endpoint one we found an advantage of PM compared to both EDP-supported matching procedures. There was no significant difference between OA and OS. Concerning endpoint two the differences between the investigated matching procedures were not significant.Conclusion: PM is superior as to the number of mentoring relationships formed per participating student compared to EDP-supported methods. In our data, there was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction. Considering the high investments associated with PM of mentors and protégés, EDP-supported matching procedures seem a viable compromise between effectiveness and efficiency especially for large-scale structured mentoring programmes in medical education.

Relationships between personality of human–dog dyads and performances in working tasks

Improving operational performances of working dog–human dyads is receiving more and more attention. Despite this interest, the associations between human personality, dog personality, dog-human personality matching and dyad performances have rarely been addressed. This study explores the links between human and dog personality traits, their matching, the human-dog relationship, and dyad performances of handlers and working dogs belonging to the canine unit of the Paris Firefighters Brigade. Using a repeated searching task in a training field, we evaluated the performances of 14 dyads using three parameters: searching speed, searching precision and speed improvement of the dyad. Using a questionnaire, we assessed the quality of life of dogs (activities, relationship between handlers and their dog). Personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and subtraits of handlers (30 subtraits belonging to the five human traits) were determined using the NEO-PI-R questionnaire, and personality traits of the dogs were investigated through six subtests that allowed us to characterize five dog personality traits. We compared the performances of dyads in relation to the human-dog relationship and correlated these with human, dog personality traits and their matching. Dyad performances were different depending on the quality of life of the dog and the human-dog relationship: dogs with toys at home showed a lower improvement capacity, while dogs with few physical punishments showed a lower number of errors in the searching task. The dog personality trait “human familiarity” was correlated with dyad performances, with a higher improvement (r=0.52, p=0.05) but a lower performance speed (correlation with total time of the searching task: r=0.55, p=0.05). Human “deliberation” (i.e. “conscientiousness”), “aesthetics” (i.e. “openness”) and “modesty” (i.e. “agreeableness”) were all positively related with precision of the searching task (correlation with the number of errors: r=−0.48, p=0.08; r=−0.52, p=0.05; r=−0.51, p=0.07). Human “dutifulness” (i.e. “conscientiousness”) and “activity” (i.e. extraversion”) were positively related with dyad improvement (r=0.61, p=0.02; r=0.52, p=0.06; respectively) while human “excitement seeking” was negatively related to dyad improvement (r=−0.50, p=0.07). Dyads with handlers higher on “gregariousness” (i.e. “extraversion”) were more efficient when speed was considered (r=−0.60, p=0.023).Matching dogs and humans on “neuroticism” traits (human “anxiety” and dog “neuroticism”) was negatively correlated with improvement (r=−0.52, p=0.06). Matching of dog “activity-exploration” and human related subtraits to “extraversion” (“activity”, “positive emotions”) was correlated with higher speed (human “activity” and dog “activity-exploration” r=−0.50, p=0.07 for time searching) but a lower precision (human “activity” and dog “activity-exploration” r=0.45, p=0.11 for number of errors) and a lower improvement (human “positive emotions” and dog “activity-exploration” r=−0.47, p=0.09). However, matching on human subtraits “positive emotions” and “activity” and the dog trait “human familiarity” was positively correlated with speed (r=−0.53, p=0.05 with time), precision (r=−0.55, p=0.04) and improvement performance (r=0.62, p=0.02). This preliminary study provides new hypotheses for future examination of factors associated with the performances of working dogs and their handlers that could lead to selection of more efficient dyads.

Improving HIV Surveillance Data for Public Health Action in Washington, DC: A Novel Multiorganizational Data-Sharing Method.

BackgroundThe National HIV/AIDS Strategy calls for active surveillance programs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to more accurately measure access to and retention in care across the HIV care continuum for persons living with HIV within their jurisdictions and to identify persons who may need public health services. However, traditional public health surveillance methods face substantial technological and privacy-related barriers to data sharing.ObjectiveThis study developed a novel data-sharing approach to improve the timeliness and quality of HIV surveillance data in three jurisdictions where persons may often travel across the borders of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia.MethodsA deterministic algorithm of approximately 1000 lines was developed, including a person-matching system with Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) variables. Person matching was defined in categories (from strongest to weakest): exact, very high, high, medium high, medium, medium low, low, and very low. The algorithm was verified using conventional component testing methods, manual code inspection, and comprehensive output file examination. Results were validated by jurisdictions using internal review processes.ResultsOf 161,343 uploaded eHARS records from District of Columbia (N=49,326), Maryland (N=66,200), and Virginia (N=45,817), a total of 21,472 persons were matched across jurisdictions over various strengths in a matching process totaling 21 minutes and 58 seconds in the privacy device, leaving 139,871 uniquely identified with only one jurisdiction. No records matched as medium low or low. Over 80% of the matches were identified as either exact or very high matches. Three separate validation methods were conducted for this study, and they all found ≥90% accuracy between records matched by this novel method and traditional matching methods.ConclusionsThis study illustrated a novel data-sharing approach that may facilitate timelier and better quality HIV surveillance data for public health action by reducing the effort needed for traditional person-matching reviews without compromising matching accuracy. Future analyses will examine the generalizability of these findings to other applications.

Choosing a Career Based Personality Matching: A Case Study of King Abdulaziz University

Traditionally, selecting a career involves matching the specific aptitudes and characteristics of an individual with a career which requires or involves such factors. This particular approach has as its foundation the fact that certain careers have need of individuals with certain skills and attitudes, that is to say the individual is a ‘fit’ for that particular career based on their knowledge, skill and disposition. Many students have problems determining their college majors and a suitable career. This paper shows how to find a career that fits one’s personality, and aims to help students analyse their personalities based on the Holland personality test. This paper will identify the most suitable career for students by using a validated Arabic version of the Holland survey, which is one of the most popular models used for career personality tests. This study implements a new set of tasks, testing 117 students from King Abdulaziz University with the Arabic version of the Holland test. The test was applied to female students from three majors, computer science, information systems, and preparatory year distance learning students. The implications of the test results will help students to understand their personality types and determine a suitable career, as the results of the test suggest suitable careers for students which match their personalities. Ultimately, the results show a difference between computer science, information systems and preparatory year distance learning students with regard to personality types and suitable careers.

Predictive Validity of Person Matching at the Scale and Discriminant Analysis Levels

Validity comparisons (including hit rates, kappa coefficients, and chance expectancy rates) were made between person matching at the scale and discriminant analysis levels with 5,143 medical students who had taken an interest inventory and had entered their medical residencies. Person matching using the 30 discriminant analysis items demonstrated the greatest ability to assign test takers to the highest number of occupations at a rate greater than chance.

Life &amp; evolution: Personality match speeds up breeding: Mice mates with similar anxiety levels produce offspring sooner

Science NewsVolume 187, Issue 9 p. 14-14 News Life & evolution: Personality match speeds up breeding: Mice mates with similar anxiety levels produce offspring sooner Susan Milius, Susan MiliusSearch for more papers by this author Susan Milius, Susan MiliusSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 April 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/scin.2015.187009013Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume187, Issue92 May 2015Pages 14-14 RelatedInformation

Similarity of personalities speeds up reproduction in pairs of a monogamous rodent

Animal personality, i.e. stable individual differences in behaviour, is considered to be subject to evolutionary processes, as it has been shown to be heritable and to entail fitness consequences. Different hypotheses have been developed to explain why personality variation is maintained within populations, most likely via processes of balancing selection. One mechanism discussed is that combinations of similar personalities within breeding pairs could increase fitness. We investigated this purported mechanism by studying the association between personality combinations within nulliparous pairs and their onset of reproduction in a monogamous rodent, the mound-building mouse, Mus spicilegus. In seasonal iteroparous breeders, reproductive timing is relevant to fitness, as a delayed onset of breeding potentially limits the number of breeding occasions and lowers the chance that offspring will start reproducing during the same season. Repeated standardized tests carried out prior to pairing revealed consistent individual differences in subjects' behavioural responses with respect to anxiety and exploratory activity, indicating the existence of personality types. Within-pair similarity in anxiety levels affected the chance of reproduction: pairs with similar anxiety scores had a higher probability of breeding, and were quicker to start, during the observation period, independently of the scores of both partners of the pair. We propose that this association between ‘personality matching’ and the onset of reproduction could have important life history consequences in this species and might be one of the mechanisms leading to the maintenance of personality variation within populations.

Neural plasticity of voice processing: Evidence from event-related potentials in late-onset blind and sighted individuals.

Intra- and crossmodal neuroplasticity have been reported to underlie superior voice processing skills in congenitally blind individuals. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) in order to test if such compensatory plasticity is limited to the developing brain. Late blind individuals were compared to sighted controls in their ability to identify human voices. A priming paradigm was employed in which two successive voices (S1, S2) of the same (person-congruent) or different speakers (person-incongruent) were presented. Participants made an old-young decision on the S2. In both groups ERPs to the auditory S2 were more negative in person-incongruent than in person-congruent trials between 200-300 ms. A topographic analysis suggested a more posteriorly shifted distribution of the Person Match effect (person-incongruent minus person-congruent trials) in late blind individuals compared to sighted controls. In contrast to congenitally blind individuals, late blind individuals did not show an early Person Match effect in the time range of the N1, suggesting that crossmodal compensation is mediated by later processing steps rather than by changes at early perceptual levels.

VaMoS

Knowing our values, motives, and skills enables us to achieve a better match of person and job characteristics, which leads to satisfaction and well-being. However, discrepancies between one’s individual values, motives, and skills occur frequently and entail strain and lower satisfaction. We developed an instrument to address this problem systematically, VaMoS (Affective Values, Cognitive Motives and Skills) (1) provides an efficient way to assess important characteristics with only one questionnaire and (2) detects conflicts between them, which can be solved using career counseling to enhance satisfaction and improve work–life balance. A first online study ( n = 341) was used to reduce the initially developed items based on statistical properties. A second sample ( n = 574) confirmed the statistical model and gave initial evidence of the validity of the theoretical model: A discrepancy between affective values, cognitive motives, and skills was positively related among others with strain and negatively related to work–life balance and satisfaction.

In the Context of Concurrency and Monogamy: Ideal Partner Matching in Predicting Coital Behaviors among African American Adolescents

We examined if ideal physical and personality matching predicts coital behavior among African American young women ( aayw ) and young men ( aaym ) and how these associations vary by gender and relationship type (i.e., monogamous, concurrent). In all, 268 aayw (aged 14–17 years) and 173 aaym completed partner-specific assessments of ideal/actual partners and coital behaviors (i.e., total condom use, condom use at last coitus, coital frequency). gee models were run separately for gender and relationship type. Personality matching increased total condom use by 83% for aayw in monogamous relationships (odds ratio [ or ] = 4.95; 95% confidence interval [ ci ] 1.35, 18.17) and reduced total condom use by 13% for aaym in concurrent relationships ( or = 0.15; ci 0.03, 0.81). Physical matching increased coital frequency by 56% for aaym in concurrent relationships ( or = 1.25; ci 1.07, 1.46). Overall, ideal partner matching selectively predicts coital behaviors across relationship types among aayw and aaym .