Personality Inventory For DSM-5 Research Articles

Cognitive reappraisal capacity mediates the relationship between prefrontal recruitment during reappraisal of anger-eliciting events and paranoia-proneness

Difficulties in emotion regulation, particularly in using adaptive regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal, are a commonly observed correlate of paranoia. While it has been suggested that poor implementation of cognitive reappraisal in dealing with aversive events precedes the onset of subclinical paranoid thinking, there is little empirical research on neural activation patterns during cognitive reappraisal efforts that might indicate vulnerability towards paranoid thinking. Prefrontal EEG alpha asymmetry changes were recorded while n = 57 participants were generating alternative appraisals of anger-eliciting events, and were linked to a behavioral measure of basic cognitive reappraisal capacity and self-reported paranoia proneness (assessed by personality facets of hostility and suspiciousness; Personality Inventory for DSM-5). Mediation analysis revealed that less left-lateralized activation at ventrolateral prefrontal sites during reappraisal efforts predicted a higher degree of paranoia proneness. This relationship was mediated through poorer cognitive reappraisal capacity. Matching previous evidence, findings suggest that inappropriate brain activation during reappraisal efforts impairs individuals’ capacity to come up with effective alternative interpretations for anger-evoking situations, which may accentuate personality features related to increased paranoid thinking. The findings add to our understanding of neurally underpinned impairments in the capacity to generate cognitive reappraisals and their link to maladaptive personality and behavior.

The Polish adaptation of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Short Form (FFOCI-SF): A preliminary study

BackgroundThe Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Short Form (FFOCI-SF) is an instrument used to measure obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, which is one of the most widespread personality disorders. The FFOCI-SF is a shorter version of the FFOCI that was developed on the basis of the Five Factor Model of per-sonality treated as a general framework for identifying different traits useful in describing maladaptive person-ality. This paper presents the psychometric parameters of the Polish adaptation of the FFOCI-SF.Participants and procedureOur sample consisted of 328 respondents aged 18-75 (61% women) from Poland. The voluntary and anony-mous procedure consisted of completing inventories in a self-reported, paper-and-pencil way. The respondents received the FFOCI-SF, the Personal Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2).ResultsThe findings suggest that there is acceptable internal consistency for most of the scales and some problems with the differentiation between some scales in factor analysis. Additionally, we present the hierarchical struc-ture of the facets included in the instrument with two factors analogous to the metatraits of personality (Alpha and Beta). The criterion validity of the inventory was established by correlations on the one hand with Big Five traits (BFI-2) and on the other hand with another measure of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits, namely appropriate scales from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5).ConclusionsThis study confirms that the FFOCI-SF is a valid measure for scientific purposes. In order to use it for diagnostic purposes, further research is suggested on clinical samples. The findings also suggest that the FFOCI-SF can be useful in exploring new solutions in structure of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder facets.

Measurement invariance of the DSM-5 Section III pathological personality trait model across sex.

The dimensional pathological personality trait model proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Section III Criterion B, has shown promising results for its validity and utility in conceptualizing personality pathology. However, as its structural equivalence across sex is yet to be tested, the validity for the model across males and females remains uncertain. In the present article, we examined sex measurement invariance of the DSM-5 trait model in a large undergraduate sample using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. A series of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses suggested that, although the exact facet-domain relationships as specified in the DSM-5 were not observed, the facets generally organize into a model with five latent factors similar to those listed in the DSM-5 Section III Criterion B. Further, these five factors were fully measurement invariant across sex at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Examination of the latent trait mean levels suggests that females tend to have higher scores on latent Negative Affectivity, whereas males tend to have higher scores on latent Antagonism, Detachment, Psychoticism, and Disinhibition. These results indicate that the DSM-5 Section III pathological personality trait model is fully structurally equivalent across sex, a property that is lacking in the traditional categorical model in Section II. This further validates the use of the dimensional DSM-5 trait model for personality disorder assessment and conceptualization in both research and clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Measurement of pathological personality traits according to the DSM-5: A Polish adaptation of the PID-5. Part II - empirical results.

This paper presents results of a study on the Polish adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), which was developed to measure pathological traits under a new, dimensional model proposed in Section III of the DSM-5 as part of a hybrid alternative system of personality disorder diagnosis. The study involved a clinical sample (N = 129 individuals with a mean age of M = 32.40; SD = 9.08; 84.5% with a personality disorder diagnosis) and a non-clinical one (N = 1,043 individuals with a mean age of M = 34.98; SD = 15.71). Two questionnaires: the PID-5 and the MMPI-2 (Minnesota MultiphasicPersonality Inventory - 2) were use in the study. The results showed the Polish adaptation of the PID-5 to be reliable and valid (the internal consistency coefficients for the PID-5 scales and subscales were high in clinical sample and at satisfactory level in non-clinical sample). All scales and almost all subscales of the PID-5 turned out to differentiate between clinical and non-clinical samples. The PID-5 scales and subscales exhibited a consistent pattern of relationships with the Personality Psy-chopathology Five (PSY-5) dimensions and with the clinical scales of the MMPI-2. Obtained data demonstrate the PID-5 to be a satisfactory operationalization of the pathological personality trait model, and at the same time corroborate the scientific value of the DSM-5 model itself.

Measurement of pathological personality traits according to the DSM-5: A Polish adaptation of the PID-5. Part I - theoretical foundations.

The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) proposes a novel hybrid system of personality disorder diagnosis in addition to the one pre-viously laid down in the DSM-IV-TR. This alternative diagnostic system, published within Section III of the DSM-5, was hoped to overcome the inherent limitations of categorical diagnosis by integrating the categorical and dimensional approaches to personality disorders. As such, it constitutes a bridge between psychiatric pathology classifications and findings from psychological research on the structure of normal personality.At the core of the hybrid DSM-5 system lies a new model of pathological personality traits, operationalized using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). This paper outlines the background and main features of the DSM-5 hybrid system of personality disorder diagnosis with a focus on the dimensional model of pathological traits and definitions thereof. The cur-rent status, application potential and limitations of the DSM-5 diagnostic system and the pathological traits model are also discussed. In another paper, the authors present the PID-5 inventory and report on a study investigating a Polish adaptation of this instrument.

한국판 DSM-5 성격질문지 정보제공자보고형(K-PID-5-IRF)의 신뢰도와 타당도

한국판 DSM-5 성격질문지 정보제공자보고형(K-PID-5-IRF)의 신뢰도와 타당도

한국판 DSM-5 성격질문지 정보제공자보고형(K-PID-5-IRF)의 신뢰도와 타당도

이 연구에서는 5개의 영역(domain)과 25개의 하위 양상(facet)으로 구성된 DSM-5 성격 특질 모델을 측정하기 위해 개발된 DSM-5 성격질문지(Personality Inventory for DSM-5, PID-5) 정보제공자보고형을 한국어로 번안하여 이 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 우선 영문판 PID-5 정보제공자보고형 문항들을 번역과 역번역 과정을 통해 우리말로 번안하고, 이 검사의 자기보고형인 K-PID-5(Shin & Hwang, 2016)와 문항 간 의미가 일치하도록 전체 문항을 구성하였다. 만 18세 이상의 대학생 및 일반인을 대상으로 K-PID-5 정보제공자 보고형(230명)과 K-PID-5 자기보고형 및 성격장애 진단검사(176명)를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, K-PID-5 정보제공자보고형의 영역 및 양상들의 내적 일치도는 높은 수준이었다. 또한, 요인구조는 영문판 PID-5 정보제공자보고형의 요인구조 및 DSM-5 성격 특질 모델과 요인의 수, 3가지 양상에서 차이가 있었으나 전반적으로 적절히 부합하였다. K-PID-5 정보제공자보고형-자기보고형의 일치도는 영문판 PID-5 정보제공자보고형-자기보고형의 일치도보다 약간 낮은 수준이었지만 성격에 관한 정보제공자보고형-자기보고형의 상관 연구들에서 확인할 수 있는 적합한 수준으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, K-PID-5 정보제공자보고형의 영역 및 양상들은 각 성격장애의 핵심 성격 특질에 비교적 적절하게 부합하였다. 이러한 결과는 K-PID-5 정보제공자보고형이 우리나라 성인의 성격 특질을 신뢰롭고 타당하게 평가할 수 있는 도구임을 시사한다.

Schizotypy from the Perspective of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Traits: a Study on a Sample of 1056 Italian Adult University Students

To assess the relationships between schizotypy measures and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) traits, 1056 (69.4% female; mean age = 23.30 years) University students, were administered the Italian translation of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA), Schizotypy Scale (SS), and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) suggested that the SPQ, STA, and SS Schizofrenism scale total scores may represent primary measures of schizotypy/Schizotypal personality disorder (PD), whereas the SS anhedonia (AH) total score represent an index of the general anhedonia level. MAMBAC, MAXCOV, and LMode taxometric analyses showed that both schizotypy and anhedonia constructs had a dimensional distribution (all comparison curve fit index values<.40). Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor model of SPQ, STA, SS SZ and SS AH scale total scores. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that DSM-5 AMPD traits that were hypothesized to define the Schizotypal PD profile (i.e., Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation, Unusual Beliefs and Experiences, Eccentricity, Restricted Affectivity, Withdrawal, and Suspiciousness), as well as the additional specifiers (i.e., Anxiousness, and Depressivity) explained 66.0% of the systematic variance in the schizotypy factor scale scores. Our findings suggested that schizotypy could be represented as a continuously-distributed latent variable which may be effectively described in terms of a coherent system of dysfunctional personality traits.

THE CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF INDONESIAN VERSION OF PID-5

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is the latest personality inventory that measures pathological personality based on DSM-5 model. As a clinical instrument, validity testing is an essential procedure to be achieved, so the clinicians could ascertain the accuracy of the test results. This study aims to measure the convergent validity of Indonesian Version of PID-5. The relationship between PID-5 domains and Personality Psychopathology Five-revised (PSY-5-r) subscales from Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) was being measured in this study. All participants were university students (n = 72, M = 22.24 years old, SD = 6.00, males 45.8% and females 54.2%). The PID-5 and MMPI-2-RF which have been adapted into Bahasa Indonesia was administered to all participants. Pearson correlation was used to measure the relationship between each domain from PID-5 (i.e. Negative Affectivity, Antagonism, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism) with PSY-5-r subscales (i.e. Negative Emotionality, Aggressiveness, Introversion, Disconstraint, and Psychoticism). Most of the PID-5 domain showed the highest correlation with its conceptually expected PSY-5-r counterpart (r = .31 - .75; Mdnr = .54; p &lt; .01, two tails), except for Disinhibition domain, which showed higher correlation with Negative Emotionality (r = .59) than Disconstraint (r = .31). This slight variation of correlation pattern notwithstanding, the overall result still suffices to confirm a pattern of convergence betw­een PID-5 domains and PSY-5-r subscales.

Development of a Scale to Measure Histrionic Traits According to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) focusing on the Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) traits according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model, and to verify its psychometric properties. The method was divided into two stages. The first was related to the revision procedures of the IDCP-2 based on the HiTOP, focusing on the assessment of features typical of HPD. The second aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the new version of the IDCP-2 (i.e., IDCP-HPD) in a convenience sample (N=208), mainly composed of women, with data collection carried out online. The IDCP-HPD was administered with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Five-Factor Histrionic Inventory (FFHI) factors. Of the 16 initial traits provided by the HiTOP, 8 were selected as relevant for the HPD and 17 items were selected to compose the new factors. The 4 factor solution found through exploratory structural equation modeling, the correlations with the external measures and the effects found in the between-group comparisons suggest the psychometric adequacy of the IDCP-HPD. The findings of this study should be interpreted as initial evidence for the IDCP-HPD, indicating the practicality of the test.

Induced illusory body ownership in borderline personality disorder.

One aspect of selfhood that may have relevance for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is variation in sense of body ownership. We employed the rubber hand illusion to manipulate sense of body ownership in BPD. We extended previous research on illusory body ownership in BPD by testing: (i) two illusion conditions: asynchronous and synchronous stimulation, (ii) relationship between illusion experience and BPD symptoms, and (iii) relationship between illusion experience and maladaptive personality traits. We measured illusion strength (questionnaire responses), proprioceptive drift (perceived shift in physical hand position), BPD symptoms (Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines score), and maladaptive personality traits (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) in 24 BPD and 21 control participants. For subjective illusion strength, we found main effects of group (BPD > healthy control, F(1, 43) = 11.94, P = 0.001) and condition (synchronous > asynchronous, F(1, 43) = 22.80, P < 0.001). There was a group × condition interaction for proprioceptive drift (F(1, 43) = 6.48, P = 0.015) such that people with BPD maintained illusion susceptibility in the asynchronous condition. Borderline symptom severity correlated with illusion strength within the BPD group, and this effect was specific to affective (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) and cognitive symptoms (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). Across all participants, trait psychoticism correlated with illusion strength (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). People with BPD are more susceptible to illusory body ownership than controls. This is consistent with the clinical literature describing aberrant physical and emotional experiences of self in BPD. A predictive coding framework holds promise to develop testable mechanistic hypotheses for disrupted bodily self in BPD.

Supplemental Material for The Replicability of the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 Domain Scale Factor Structure in U.S. and Non-U.S. Samples: A Quantitative Review of the Published Literature

Supplemental Material for The Replicability of the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 Domain Scale Factor Structure in U.S. and Non-U.S. Samples: A Quantitative Review of the Published Literature

Supplemental Material for Improving Characterization of Psychopathy Within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Creation and Validation of Personality Inventory for DSM–5 Triarchic Scales

Supplemental Material for Improving Characterization of Psychopathy Within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5), Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Creation and Validation of Personality Inventory for DSM–5 Triarchic Scales

The Portuguese version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 in a community and a clinical sample.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) measures the maladaptive traits of the model for personality and its disorders, as proposed in section III of the DSM-5. The current study aimed to examine whether the Portuguese PID-5 distinguished non-clinical participants (N=1223, Mage =36.73, standard deviation=15.72) from clinical participants (N=202, Mage =43.82, standard deviation=11.33) with respect to dysfunctional personality traits and to explore the PID-5 factor structure in both samples. The PID-5 scale medians were higher in the clinical sample than in the community sample. All analyses were statistically significant (p≤0.001) with medium size effects. In the community sample, a five-factor structure emerged, and the factors resembled the PID-5 domains. However, in the clinical sample, a four-factor structure was retained, in which the Psychoticism domain did not clearly emerge. The composition of the clinical sample along with its small size may account for these unexpected results. Overall, the results provide evidence of the PID-5's ability to distinguish between psychiatric and community individuals and of the model's structural similarity in community samples, across studies and nationalities. More research is required to understand the Portuguese PID-5 structure in clinical samples. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Differentiating bipolar disorder from borderline personality disorder: Diagnostic accuracy of the difficulty in emotion regulation scale and personality inventory for DSM-5

BackgroundConfusion abounds when differentiating the diagnoses of bipolar disorder (BD) from borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study explored the relative clinical utility of affective instability and self-report personality trait measures for accurate identification of BD and BPD. MethodsReceiver operator characteristics and diagnostic efficiency statistics were calculated to ascertain the relative diagnostic efficiency of self-report measures. Inpatients with research-confirmed diagnoses of BD (n = 341) or BPD (n = 381) completed the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). ResultsThe total score for DERS evidenced relatively poor accuracy for differentiating the disorders (AUC = 0.72, SE = 0.02, p < .0001), while subscales of affective instability measures yielded fair discrimination (AUC range = 0.70–0.59). The PID-5 BPD algorithm (consisting of emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity, hostility, depressivity, impulsivity, and risk taking) evidenced moderate-to-excellent accuracy (AUC = 0.83, SE = 0.04, p < .0001) with a good balance of specificity (SP = 0.79) and sensitivity (SN = 0.77). ConclusionFindings support the use of the PID-5 algorithm for differentiating BD from BPD. Furthermore, findings support the accuracy of the DSM-5 alternative model Criteria B trait constellation for differentiating these two disorders with overlapping features.

Dimensional Pathological Personality Predicting Personality Disorders: Comparison of the DAPP-BQ and PID-5 Shortened Versions in a Spanish Community Sample

This study explored the psychometric properties of the shortened forms of The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ) and The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a large cohort from a Spanish community and compared simultaneously the predictive power with regard to personality disorders (PDs) scores in the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). The IPDE is a self-report inventory of 77 items. Each item measures a criterion and a dimensional score can be obtained for each personality disorder. Both shortened forms (named DAPP-90 and PID-5/SF, respectively) obtained a good structural validity and reliability. Linear regression analysis showed that both questionnaires were predictive of the PDs scores. DAPP-90 factors explained about 25% of PDs variance (37% of the PDs clusters). Facets slightly increased the percentages accounting for PDs variance and clusters to 31% and 43%, respectively. PID-5/SF factors, meanwhile, explained 23% of PDs and 33% of PDs clusters, while the facets accounted for 25% of PDs and 37% of clusters. It is concluded that both questionnaires were good instruments for measuring pathological personality, and predicted a similar part of the variance in PDs. However, given that neither the DAPP-90 nor the PID-5/SF accounted for all the variation in PDs, categorical classification of the broader set of PDs may continue to be desired by some researchers and practicing clinicians.

The multidimensional nature of adult social inhibition: Inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal facets of the SIQ15

BackgroundSocial inhibition may promote emotional problems in children, but little is known about this disposition in adults. Our research builds on a theory-based model to suggest that adult social inhibition involves distinct behavioral (inhibition), cognitive (sensitivity), and affective (withdrawal) characteristics. MethodsA total of 1385 adults completed measures of social inhibition, emotional distress, and social stress. Factor analyses, reliability estimates and regression analyses were used to examine the robustness of our model, and the validity of the 15-item Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ15). ResultsIn Study 1 (N = 1180; Mage 46.9 years; 52% women), factor analysis confirmed that behavioral inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal reflected distinct facets of social inhibition. Next, we developed the SIQ15 that covers these facets with 5 items each; e.g. has difficulty making contact; expects negative reactions from others; keeps others at a distance. Study 2 (N = 209; Mage 20.3 years; 77% women) showed that the SIQ15 and its 5-item Inhibition, Sensitivity and Withdrawal facet scales were internally consistent (Cronbach's α between 0.86/0.94) and stable over time (test–retest between r = 0.73/0.78). The SIQ15 facets differentially predicted related inhibition (Behavioral Inhibition Scale), rumination (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and withdrawal (Personality Inventory for DSM-5) scores at 6 months follow-up. Younger age and having no partner were associated with more social inhibition. LimitationsFindings are based on self-report; experimental and prospective studies are needed to further validate our inhibition model. ConclusionsInhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal are distinct manifestations of adult social inhibition that can be reliably assessed with the SIQ15. Research needs to examine how this multidimensional nature of social inhibition has an effect on stress, health, and wellbeing.

Evaluation of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality traits using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Brazilian sample of psychiatric inpatients.

The objective of this study was to test if the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is an adequate instrument to evaluate psychiatric inpatients' pathological personality traits. Inpatients (n=130; mean age: 38.5years; 62.3% female; 63.9% single) answered the PID-5 after clinical improvement of their psychiatric symptoms. The mean scores of the DSM-5 personality domains, facets and profiles, and ICD-11 domain traits were compared with the mean scores of a Brazilian normative sample (n=656). We investigated the diagnostic performance of the scales to identify individuals with and without psychopathology. The final sample included mainly diagnoses of mood disorders. Except for Antagonism and Disinhibition, all DSM-5 personality domains and most facets as well as almost all DSM-5 personality disorder profiles (except Narcissist) and ICD-11 trait domains (except Detachment and Dissociality) of the inpatients presented high differences compared with the normative sample. In general, the PID-5 scales presented a high negative predictive value and a low positive predictive value to identify individuals with severe psychopathology. This study found high scores of pathological personality traits in a sample of Brazilian psychiatric inpatients. The PID-5 may be a promising instrument to measure pathological personality traits among psychiatric inpatients. Methodological and sample size limitations may have influenced the results. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Personality Inventory for DSM-5-BF in a Primary Care Sample.

A growing body of research supports the validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in evaluating community and psychiatric samples. Although maladaptive personality also has significant relevance in primary care settings, research on the PID-5 in primary care samples is limited. In this study, the authors examined the intercorrelations, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the brief form of the PID-5 (PID-5-BF) in 100 primary care outpatients. Results are consistent with findings in other samples in suggesting that PID-5 domains are moderately intercorrelated and associated with a variety of mental health variables. Smaller associations with physical health variables support the discriminant validity of the instrument. Overall, results suggest that the PID-5-BF can provide a useful psychiatric screening tool in primary care settings.

The mediating role of emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the relationship between pathological personality dimensions and emotional disorders symptoms severity

The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of emotional dysregulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the relationship between pathological personality dimensions and emotional disorder symptoms severity. A total of 440 university students were selected randomly from two universities, and were assessed through Personality Inventory for DSM 5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF)-Adult, Depression, Anxiety and stress Scales (DASS-21), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERs). The results obtained from the correlation revealed that there is a direct and significant relationship between pathological personality dimensions and emotional disorders (anxiety and depression). In addition, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) depicted that emotional dysregulation, as a transdiagnostic factor, can mediate the relationship between pathological personality and emotional disorders (anxiety, depression, and stress). The current findings illustrate how emotional dysregulation can increase the influenceability of pathological personality dimensions on emotional disorders.