Personality Psychology Research Articles

Fraud Triangle Analysis And Gone Theory In The Management Strategy Of Self-Managed Special Allocation Fund In Education Sector

This study aims to analyse the application of the Fraud Triangle, which includes pressure, opportunity, and rationalisation, as well as the GONE Theory, which involves greed, opportunity, need, and exposure, in the self-management Special Allocation Fund (DAK) management strategy in the education sector. The results show that pressure on fund managers often comes from demands to meet unrealistic physical or non-physical development targets, while opportunities arise from weak supervisory systems, lack of transparency and inadequate internal control mechanisms. Rationalisation is found in the form of justifying fraudulent actions with certain reasons, such as urgent needs or for the smooth running of the program. In the GONE Theory perspective, greed is the main driver of misuse of funds, while necessity and weak risk exposure increase the probability of violations. There are several things that can be done by educational institutions and students themselves to minimise student fraud behaviour, first from the aspect of pressure which is the main aspect that encourages someone to commit fraud. The pressure aspect comes from a person's psychology, so the way to overcome it is to provide positive directions, and provide spiritual and emotional strengthening to students. Transparent, accountable DAK management supported by strong supervision is essential to ensure that the main objectives of using funds are achieved, namely improving the quality of education and equitable development.

Reflection of the phenomenon of altruism in the interdisciplinary context of social work

ABSTRACT This theoretical study provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the phenomenon of altruism with the aim of reflecting on its significance in the social work profession. Considering its origins in religious traditions, the authors point to its significance within Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Subsequently, the importance of altruism within philosophical concepts, developmental psychology and, last but not least, personality psychology is presented. As social work adopts insights from other disciplines, the authors do not neglect to emphasize altruistic concepts in the context of maintaining professional ethics related to professional boundaries in the social worker-client relationship. The aim is also to highlight the reflection of altruism in an interdisciplinary context that can contribute to the strengthening of the relationship between social workers and clients, which can contribute to good social work practice.

Психологические факторы кибербезопасности и доверие к ложным новостям в интернет-коммуникации: обзор современных зарубежных исследований

<p style="text-align: justify;">The paper presents a systematic review of contemporary foreign research on psychological factors of cybersecurity and trust in fake news. It contains an analysis of theoretical developments and empirical studies of the psychological aspects of cybersecurity within the framework of the concepts of personality psychology, behavioral psychology and social psychology. Despite the fact that general psychological patterns and theoretical models of these branches of psychology are used in the study of cybersecurity, the available results of research in this area still do not form a holistic picture of the psychological factors of cybersecurity behavior. At the same time, the factors of personal characteristics and behavior of cybercriminals seem to be better studied and more understandable than the factors of compliance and violation of the rules of cybersecurity behavior by “ordinary” users. The article then presents a review of empirical studies on the reasons why Internet users trust fake news and how to overcome it. General awareness of the problem of the spread of fake news is shown to offer little help in reducing trust in fake news, and the use of ineffective strategies for recognizing fake news often has the opposite effect. A more sophisticated strategy based on knowledge of the specific techniques by which fake news is created, on the contrary, can more effectively reduce the risk of trust in fake news. The author comes to the conclusion that measures promoting cybersecurity behavior of Internet users are advisable if aimed not at stimulating vigilance, but at increasing confidence in the picture of the world, in which the phenomena of cybersecurity threats and fake news are built in as a familiar and understandable component.</p>

Risky behavior in virtual reality: The roles of personality, environment, and physiology.

Virtual reality (VR) provides a unique opportunity to simulate various environments, enabling the observation of human behavior in a manner that closely resembles real-world scenarios. This study aimed to explore the effects of anticipating reward or punishment, personality traits, and physiological arousal on risky decision-making within a VR context. A custom VR game was developed to simulate real-life experiences. The sample comprised 52 students (63.46% female) from the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. The study assessed four parameters within the VR environment: elapsed game time, number of steps taken, average score, and decision-making time. Three physiological signals, heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory rate, were recorded. Results indicated that personality traits, specifically Fight (β = -0.33, p = 0.024) and Freeze (β = 0.431, p = 0.009), were significantly related to behavior in the VR environment (R = 0.572, R2_adj = 0.227, RMSE = 23.12, F(6, 40) = 3.25, p = 0.011). However, these effects were not significant after negative feedback. Emotional arousal, measured by respiratory rate amplitude (β = 0.276, p = 0.045), showed a more pronounced role after feedback (β = 0.337, p = 0.028). These findings indicate that personality traits primarily influence behavior in a VR environment prior to the actual threat, whereas environmental characteristics become more important afterwards. The results offer valuable insights for experimental and personality psychologists by revealing how risk-taking is influenced by situational, emotional, and personality factors. Additionally, they provide guidance for VR designers in creating more ecologically valid environments, highlighting VR's potential as a tool for psychological research, while also underscoring the critical importance of selecting objective VR measures to accurately capture the complexities of human behavior in immersive environments.

Идентичность как проявление целостности личности

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective.</strong> Consideration of the phenomenon of identity in the context of integrity as a fundamental characteristic of personality; discussion of the thesis on the possibility of understanding identity as a manifestation of personality wholeness. <br><strong>Background.</strong> The consequence of the transition from structural descriptions of personality with an emphasis on its stable characteristics to processual-dynamic descriptions, characteristic of modern personality psychology, is an increased attention to the fundamental properties of personality and a revision of a number of traditional views about personal phenomenology. These fundamental properties include the wholeness of the personality. The development of approaches to the study of wholeness is the most important task of psychology, since it is the "separation" of personality into separate mental formations that is considered one of the main causes of the methodological crisis of psychology of the twentieth century. The description of the wholeness of the personality can be carried out by analyzing personal phenomena that are manifestations of the wholeness of the personality. It is proposed to consider personality identity as the main manifestation of personality wholeness in personal phenomenology. <br><strong>Methodology.</strong> A system approach to personality, methodological principles of the processual approach.<br><strong>Conclusions.</strong> In modern psychology, the concepts of personal wholeness and identity lose their structural certainty and are considered as dynamic formations. Recognition of its contextual nature is essential for the study of identity. In interaction with the context, identity performs the function of "gathering" a personality, ensuring its integrity.</p>

Personality research in Lebanon: Personal reflections on challenges and opportunities

In this paper, we seek to answer the question: “What is it like to do personality science in Lebanon?” Sharing our personal experiences, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities related to personality research in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern Arab country with a turbulent context. First, we discuss barriers to personality research that we have faced in Lebanon (e.g., scarce opportunities and technical resources to conduct research, the limited number of academics specialized in a particular research area, lack of national efforts to coordinate personality psychology research, limited funding opportunities, and economic and financial challenges, among others). We also present our personality research in Lebanon, particularly on trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), which has recently led to the implementation of Yes to Emotions in Youth, an impactful project funded by Grand Challenges Canada, aiming at developing trait EI and fostering mental health among vulnerable Lebanese youth in public schools. Finally, we offer recommendations based on our experiences, emphasizing areas for growth and opportunity despite the constraints.

Tingkat Agresivitas Dan Power Atlet Karate Pada FORKI Kabupaten Jepara

The background of this study is FORKI as the basis for sports coaching to produce outstanding karate athletes. Achievement itself is influenced by many factors, one of which is psychological personality. Sports psychology requires personality to understand the personality characteristics of an athlete. This study aims to measure the level of aggressiveness and power of Karate Athletes in Forki Jepara Regency. This survey was conducted using a quantitative approach method. In this study, 17 PPAP athletes from Jepara Regency will be used as samples through purposive sampling techniques. As a data collection instrument, the author used the SPQ20 questionnaire which was disseminated online via a goog;e form consisting of 168 questions that looked at various elements such as achievement and competition, belief and toughness, interaction and sportsmanship, aggressiveness and power. The results of the research obtained for male and female athletes are in the same item, namely Aggressiveness has a score of 205 with an average of 3.66. Meanwhile, femaleathletes have a score of 270 with an average of 3,375. And Power has a score of 124 with an average of 3.54. Meanwhile, female athletes have a score of 174 with an average of 3.48. It can be concluded that the level of aggressiveness and power of karate athletes in FORKI Jepara Regency is high

Internal Dialogical Activity and How to Measure It: Internal Dialogical Activity Scale-Revised

This article presents a current revision of the scale devoted to investigating the general intensity and types of internal dialogical activity. Inner speech is a phenomenon described in the psychology of thinking, consciousness, development, and personality. It has several functions and many forms. The Internal Dialogical Activity Scale (IDAS) was developed in 2005. After the 2018 revision, IDAS-R consists of 40 statements and includes eight subscales and an overall score, and the shortened version of IDAS-R24 has 24 items. The scales were extracted based on factor analysis. The IDAS-R and IDAS-R24 have proven reliability; the internal consistency is Cronbach α = .91 for the full scale, and .70 to .84 for the subscales, and the shortened version α = .95 and .72 to .87, respectively. The test-retest constancy over a 2-week interval is for the IDAS-R, rtt = .89, and for the IDAS-R24, rtt = .86. Validity of the IDAS has been checked across: Self-Talk Scale by Brinthaupt et al. (2009). Possible other conceptual approaches to internal dialogicality and operationalization, including reducing subscales, are discussed. Nevertheless, scale relevance was confirmed. The method is used for scientific research but can also be applied in counseling and psychotherapy.

The Theory of Integral Individuality by Wolf Merlin

The analysis of Wolf Merlin's ideas on the integral individuality has been performed. The main problem that the theory of individuality addresses is the large number of individual traits. They vary from biochemical to socio-psychological, are heterogeneous in origin, and separated. W. S. Merlin overcomes this dominant trend by contrasting it with the assumption of human unity. This issue relates to individuality, its traits, and connections. Merlin sets out a scientific task to investigate whether individual traits can function jointly. The hypothesis was whether individual traits of diverse origins function in the form of integration. The theory put forward by Merlin allows examination of this hypothesis. It was tested by applying the concepts of levels, polymorphism, and mediation, mainly. On this basis, Merlin considered not only individual differences, but also the ways in which individual traits function together. Then, they were generalized as the theory of integral individuality. In addition, a new field of research has arisen. It has separated itself from the study of personality in general psychology and the research of individual differences in psychophysiology to some extent. The perspective advances a further study of the theory of integral individuality. Finally, the summary completes this work. Herewith, some implications and limitations are traced.

How does CEO personality affect new product development performance? The partial mediating role of strategic schema change

Purpose This study aims to explore the direct impact of various personality traits of the CEO on new product development (NPD) performance, as well as the mediating role of strategic schema changes in the relation among these key variables. Design/methodology/approach The research focuses on Chinese science and technology enterprises. A total of 659 valid responses from CEOs and senior managers have been analyzed to test the hypotheses. Findings The results reveal that CEO’s conscientiousness and agreeableness negatively correlate with NPD performance and strategic schema changes. CEO traits such as extroversion, openness to experience and emotional stability are positively associated with both variables. Furthermore, the study confirms that strategic schema changes partially mediate the relation between CEO personality traits and NPD performance. Research limitations/implications This study focuses only on the relation between CEOs’ Big Five personality traits and NPD performance. However, other personality traits such as narcissism or dark personality traits may also influence NPD performance. Future research should explore the effect of a broader range of CEO personality traits on corporate performance. And, this paper primarily investigates the mediating role of strategic schema change between CEO personality and NPD performance, drawing on personality psychology and strategic cognition. However, other important theoretical perspectives, such as organizational resources and binary learning, may offer additional insights into the relation between CEO personality and NPD performance. Future research could delve deeper into these perspectives at multiple levels for a more comprehensive understanding. Originality/value The findings broaden the application of personality psychology within innovation management, offering valuable practical insights and new perspectives for technology enterprises seeking to enhance new product performance.

Hidden Order in the Human World and Reasonings L. I. Antsyferova about the Psyche

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of hidden order and the comprehension of L.I. Antsyferova’s scientific contribution to the disclosure of its content. It is shown that the great thinkers of the twentieth century, first in relation to the physical world and then to the psyche, talked about the currently hidden properties of the objective world that can influence the essence of the phenomena under study. The point of view of D. Bohm, who was the pioneer in the scientific study of hidden order, is analyzed in detail. W. Heisenberg believed that understanding nature means discovering the purposefulness hidden wtihin it, supplementing causal determination. According to Heisenberg, there are intangible structures in the world to which human mind structures are correlated during comprehension. It is shown that the concept of hidden order is also crucial in the methodology of socio-humanitarian knowledge; “hidden” and “implicit” are the subjects of study in various sciences. Psychologists have made a significant contribution to the development of these ideas. The points of view of M.A. Kholodnaya on conceptual structures and N.E. Maksimova and I.O. Aleksandrov on psychological structures, which are the psychological basis for understanding the subject of the hidden order in the human world, are analyzed. S.L. Rubinstein stood at the origin of psychologists’ ideas about hidden order. His student L.I. Antsyferova has deeply and meaningfully analyzed the hidden order in publications devoted to the problems of psyche development, its determination, psychology of subject, personality and thinking. All of L.I. Antsyferova’s research is permeated with the opposition “explicit-hidden”; behind the visible reality of the psyche, she was always looked for the invisible. She repeatedly emphasized that behind the visible and familiar world, behind the world of “common sense”, a world of hidden relationships of things opens up to man.

The Problem of Personal Wholeness in the Works of L. I. Antsyferova: Processual Approach

The center of L.I. Antsyferova scientific interests was always the personality problem. The article discusses one of the fundamental principles of her approach — the idea of personal wholeness. Antsyferova’s methodology is based on the implementing the ideas of a processual-dynamic approach in the field of personality psychology. It is the dynamic characteristics of the personality, in her opinion, that ensure the variability and development. One of her fundamentals is the idea of personality as a continuously developing wholeness. The novelty of her approach is associated with the understanding wholeness as not just a mechanism for maintaining integration, but also as developing and “finishing” itself to a new level of integrity. Based on the analysis of the provisions of Antsyferova’s dynamic approach, the article outlines the theoretical and methodological foundations for a research approach to studying wholeness. Personal wholeness is considered to be maintaining a certain balance between interacting tendencies toward stability and variability in personality. At the same time, different “orders” of wholeness (degrees of dynamic unity) are allowed, ranging from “higher order” wholeness processes that reflect the fundamental nature of personality to “partial” levels of wholeness related to subsystems and psychological formations at different contextual levels. Maintaining the individual’s wholeness in the face of variability is the pursuit of a new system-forming foundation. The proposed theoretical framework for describing wholeness enables us to identify possible approaches for its empirical study.

Transforming Personalized Travel Recommendations: Integrating Generative AI with Personality Models

Over the past few years, the incorporation of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly the Retrieval-Augmented Generator (RAG) framework, has opened up revolutionary opportunities for improving personalized travel recommendation systems. The RAG framework seamlessly combines the capabilities of large-scale language models with retriever models, facilitating the generation of diverse and contextually relevant recommendations tailored to individual preferences and interests, all of which are based on natural language queries. These systems iteratively learn and adapt to user feedback, thereby continuously refining and improving recommendation quality over time. This dynamic learning process enables the system to dynamically adjust to changes in user preferences, emerging travel trends, and contextual factors, ensuring that the recommendations remain pertinent and personalized. Furthermore, we explore the incorporation of personality models like the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Big Five (BF) personality traits into personalized travel recommendation systems. By incorporating these personality models, our research aims to enrich the understanding of user preferences and behavior, allowing for even more precise and tailored recommendations. We explore the potential synergies between personality psychology and advanced AI techniques, specifically the RAG framework with a personality model, in revolutionizing personalized travel recommendations. Additionally, we conduct an in-depth examination of the underlying principles, methodologies, and technical intricacies of these advanced AI techniques, emphasizing their ability to understand natural language queries, retrieve relevant information from vast knowledge bases, and generate contextually rich recommendations tailored to individual personalities. In our personalized travel recommendation system model, results are achieved such as user satisfaction (78%), system accuracy (82%), and the performance rate based on user personality traits (85% for extraversion and 75% for introversion).

Dark Triad, Dyad, or Core? A Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) Across Three Countries

Since its introduction to personality psychology literature in 2002, the study of Dark Triad personality traits has gained traction across nations. However, there exists theoretical debate regarding the empirical distinctiveness of traits. Moreover, despite universal study across countries, the Short Dark Triad (SD3) lacks validation for use in all populations. The objective of this study was to scrutinise SD3 performance across three nations, including the United Kingdom (n = 617), Canada (n = 263), and Russia (n = 1048). Specifically, factor structure and item-person functioning of the SD3 was assessed across samples. Exploratory structural equation modelling designated that a three-factor bifactor solution provided superior data-fit. In this model, SD3 items loaded on a general factor, in addition to loading on Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy dimensions. This enabled scrutiny of the degree to which SD3 items reflected a shared general dimension vs. individual subfactors. Further analyses revealed that the general factor did not possess sufficient variance to disqualify the SD3 as multidimensional. Rasch analyses focusing on the three subscales supported unidimensionality and satisfactory item fit. However, inadequate reliability existed, and items exhibited differential item functioning across nations. Although the SD3 can be considered a valid tool for capturing Dark Triad traits across countries, concerns relating to reliability and DIF suggested that revising SD3 items would enhance measurement precision.

Examining personality psychology to unpack the peer review system: Towards a more diverse, inclusive, and equitable psychological science

Peer review serves to evaluate the scientific validity and quality of research by other researchers within the same field. Psychology, like many other disciplines, uses peer review to determine whether researchers’ work is published, where it is published, and in what form. However, the peer review system is imperfect, often perpetuating harm, exclusion, and inequities. We believe these problems hinder psychology from becoming a truly representative and valid science. In this paper, we uncover the historical roots of the peer review system in psychology and describe how these roots persist today. Then, using personality psychology as an exemplar, we leverage a social justice lens to: (1) document key contemporary problems in the peer review system; (2) identify global challenges in peer review; and (3) provide recommendations and guiding questions that might help the field become more equitable, diverse, just, and inclusive. To do so, we draw upon three sources of information: our personal experiences, qualitative and quantitative data from 104 self-identifying personality psychologists, and the prior literature. Ultimately, the goal of this work is to give voice to those who have been harmed in peer review, and to inform how we might reimagine peer review in personality psychology and beyond.

Comparison of psychological personality tests and their potential use in translation studies

Psychological tests are widely used to assess personality traits and cognitive abilities. However, their potential application in translation studies remains largely unexplored. This overview article aims to compare psychological tests used in identifying personality traits and cognitive abilities that may enhance translators' skills. Personality tests can reveal psychological factors that may be crucial for effective translation. The psychological dimensions are often overlooked despite the acknowledged importance of linguistic and cultural proficiency in translation studies. Emotional responses and personality traits significantly impact translators' decisions and performance, highlighting the need for further research. Implementing tests like the MBTI, DISC, Big Five, and HEXACO Personality Inventory can offer valuable insights. Understanding translators' personality traits can enable strategies for improvement and enhance overall translation outcomes. Bridging the gap in research regarding psychological dimensions is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of translators' behaviors and improving translation quality.

More than words: the role of personality in shaping the timeliness of online reviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential influence of the big five personality traits − extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness − on the time taken by travelers to submit online reviews after their hotel stay. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzed 83,235 TripAdvisor reviews from 415 hotels in six major US tourism cities using random forest algorithms and Poisson regression. The research investigated the influence of the big five personality traits on the time taken by travelers to submit online reviews post-hotel stay, merging personality psychology with consumer behavior research through a combination of machine learning and statistical analysis. Findings The findings reveal significant correlations between certain personality traits and the time taken to post online hotel reviews. Extraversion, neuroticism and agreeableness were found to be negatively correlated with response time, suggesting that individuals scoring higher in these traits tend to submit their reviews more quickly. Conversely, openness exhibited a positive correlation, indicating that those with higher levels of openness tend to delay their feedback. Conscientiousness showed no significant correlation with response time. Originality/value This study represents a novel approach to understanding the relationship between personality traits and online review behavior in the hospitality industry. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques, such as random forest algorithms, alongside traditional statistical methods like Poisson regression, this research offers a unique perspective on the influence of personality on consumer behavior. The innovative application of these technologies to a large data set of TripAdvisor reviews provides fresh insights that can inform the development of personalized customer engagement strategies. The findings contribute to the growing body of literature on the intersection of personality psychology, consumer behavior and hospitality management in the digital age.

Economic identity as the main psychological mechanism of students' economic socialization

Introduction. The socio-economic crisis, political, cultural, and value transformations caused by the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation of Ukraine have a powerful impact on the inner world of people, especially the younger generation and their economic socialization. Therefore, arises a need for young people capable of productive self-realization through self-knowledge, self-determination, which poses the problem of personal identity formation. Formation of a personal identity is the main goal of individuals' socialization. Aim. To determine the features of the mechanism of economic identity of high school students and, on this basis, build a psychological profila of a high school student in terms of economic identity. Methods: I. Zubiashvili's Institutions of Economic Socialization and its Mechanisms questionnaire, Who am I? (M. Kuna, T. McPartland), O. Nikonenko's Measurement of Economic and Psychological Personality Characteristics" (modified by I. Zubiashvili), Incomplete sentences, and Study of Ideas about an Economically Successful Person (Yu. Pachkovskyi). Results. Economic identity in early youth was characterized by contradictions and the presence of internal conflict. The contradiction was due to the fact that although students highly valued money, they still did not know how to use them properly and had bad ideas about the role of money in their personal and social life. The economic identity of high school students was characterized by the prevalence of economic values of economic success (business, capital, real estate, etc.) over psychological values (communication, satisfaction from owning the goods). Social Self was leading identity among high school students, which suggests their readiness to perform social roles, including economic ones. High school students had positive attitudes towards the country's economy, but they lacked interest in it because of the hostilities and socio-economic crisis in Ukraine. The economic ideas of girls had greater meaning than those of boys. Conclusions. The economic identity in early youth is characterized by contradictions and internal conflict. High school students have poorly developed personal characteristics related to economic identity, which are necessary for students' good understanding of economic processes. High school students tend to exaggerate difficulties in meeting their needs for financial security and stability.

Estimating family shopping behavior: A multi‐perspective approach to understanding grocery shopping

AbstractThis study examines weekly shopping trips of young families using a multi‐perspective approach that considers psychological personality traits, situational influences, and socio‐demographic factors to explain food purchases. Over a period of 4 weeks, the data of 60 shoppers and their families as well as 217 purchases were recorded using questionnaires and receipts. Analysis showed that personality traits and socio‐demographic data are good predictors of food purchases. The study provides insights into the complexity of shopping behavior, shows the need for multi‐perspective approaches, and enables the derivation of strategies to optimize healthy shopping behavior for young families.

Dopamine in Sports: A Narrative Review on the Genetic and Epigenetic Factors Shaping Personality and Athletic Performance.

This narrative review examines the relationship between dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms, personality traits, and athletic success. Advances in sports genetics have identified specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopamine-related genes linked to personality traits crucial for athletic performance, such as motivation, cognitive function, and emotional resilience. This review clarifies how genetic variations can influence athletic predisposition through dopaminergic pathways and environmental interactions. Key findings reveal associations between specific SNPs and enhanced performance in various sports. For example, polymorphisms such as COMT Val158Met rs4680 and BDNF Val66Met rs6265 are associated with traits that could benefit performance, such as increased focus, stress resilience and conscientiousness, especially in martial arts. DRD3 rs167771 is associated with higher agreeableness, benefiting teamwork in sports like football. This synthesis underscores the multidimensional role of genetics in shaping athletic ability and advocates for integrating genetic profiling into personalized training to optimize performance and well-being. However, research gaps remain, including the need for standardized training protocols and exploring gene-environment interactions in diverse populations. Future studies should focus on how genetic and epigenetic factors can inform tailored interventions to enhance both physical and psychological aspects of athletic performance. By bridging genetics, personality psychology, and exercise science, this review paves the way for innovative training and performance optimization strategies.