Personality Features Research Articles

Potential Relationship between Personality Traits with the Openness and Neuroticism Scores

The present research investigated the possible correlation between personality qualities, namely the scores on the Openness and Neuroticism dimensions, and the inclination to participate in creative pursuits. The existing body of research has shown a positive correlation between an individual's level of openness and their tendency towards creative pursuits. However, the potential moderating effect of the variable neuroticism on this link remains largely unexplored. In order to ascertain the similarity of openness scores, a correlation study was performed to examine the relationship between neuroticism scores and artistic inclination ratings. The research included a comprehensive 42-item questionnaire to assess the personality characteristics and creative tendencies of participants. Subsequently, the collected data were utilised to establish groups and conduct further association analyses. In the present study, we observed a slight positive connection between scores on the neuroticism scale and scores on the art-loving inclination scale among two distinct sample groups. These groups were categorised based on their openness scores, namely falling within the ranges of 25-36 and 37-48. This discovery offers novel perspectives on comprehending people' creative predispositions and their correlation with personality features, potentially furnishing educators and mental health practitioners with significant insights.

Muscle-inspired bi-planar cable routing: a novel framework for designing cable driven lower limb rehabilitation exoskeletons (C-LREX)

There is a growing interest in the research and development of Cable Driven Rehabilitation Devices (CDRDs) due to multiple inherent features attractive to clinical applications, including low inertia, lightweight, high payload-to-weight ratio, large workspace, and modular design. However, previous CDRDs have mainly focused on modifying motor impairment in the sagittal plane, despite the fact that neurological disorders, such as stroke, often involve postural control and gait impairment in multiple planes. To address this gap, this work introduces a novel framework for designing a cable-driven lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton which can assist with bi-planar impaired posture and gait. The framework used a lower limb model to analyze different cable routings inspired by human muscle architecture and attachment schemes to identify optimal routing and associated parameters. The selected cable routings were safeguarded for non-interference with the human body while generating bi-directional joint moments. The subsequent optimal cable routing model was then implemented in simulations of tracking reference healthy trajectory with bi-planar impaired gait (both in the sagittal and frontal planes). The results showed that controlling joints independently via cables yielded better performance compared to dependent control. Routing long cables through intermediate hinges reduced the peak tensions in the cables, however, at a cost of induced additional joint forces. Overall, this study provides a systematic and quantitative in silico approach, featured with accessible graphical user interface (GUI), for designing subject-specific, safe, and effective lower limb cable-driven exoskeletons for rehabilitation with options for multi-planar personalized impairment-specific features.

Russian and Chinese national personalities: based on the material of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "property"

This article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural description of the national personality in Russian and Chinese. The subject of this study is the Russian and Chinese language personality. The object represents national cultural similarities and differences. Russian National personality (RNL) and Chinese national personality (CNL) are studied on the basis of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings of the Russian and Chinese languages, which reflect the concept of "property", the purpose of the study is to identify universal, national-specific and typological linguistic and cultural features of the Russian national personality (RNL) and the Chinese national personality (CNL). The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the linguistic and cultural analysis of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings devoted to property can be used in educational activities in courses of linguistic and cultural studies. The provisions and conclusions of the study can be applied in lexicographic practice in compiling dictionaries of phraseological units, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, spreading Chinese culture in Russia. To solve the problem, the following research methods are used: the method of continuous sampling of material from dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages, the method of thematic classification and systematization of linguistic material, the method of linguistic and cultural commentary and the comparative-contrastive method. The article for the first time considers the problem of Russian and Chinese national personalities, which had not previously been described in the linguistic and cultural aspect, analyzes for the first time the essential monetary values of RNL and CNL, indicates their stereotypical ideas and attitudes towards money, poverty, wealth, benefit, greed and debt. This is the scientific novelty of this study. The research shows that phraseological units, proverbs and sayings with the concept of "property" recorded in Russian and Chinese lexicographic sources differ in quantity and content. Russian and Chinese personalities view the representation of property in different ways. Unlike the Russian people, who pay more attention to the spirit, feelings and emotions, the inner world of the individual, rather than money and material well-being, the Chinese people are characterized by a consciousness of wealth, greed, a commercial streak and a desire for profit. Both RNL and KNL are distinguished by such spiritual characteristics as thrift and economy. They are not characterized by extravagance.

The Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Fitness Apps on Physical Activity Levels in Chinese Office Workers

The increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles, particularly among office workers, has heightened the need for innovative approaches to promote physical activity. This paper examines the effectiveness of smartphone-based fitness apps in increasing physical activity levels among Chinese office workers, a group that typically faces challenges in integrating regular exercise into their daily routines due to the sedentary nature of their jobs. Through a comprehensive analysis of app usage patterns, the impact of tracking features, and the motivational aspects of digital technology, the study aims to understand how fitness apps influence the physical activity behavior of this demographic. The findings indicate a positive correlation between the use of fitness apps and an increase in physical activity, highlighting the potential of digital tools to combat sedentariness. However, the study also reveals challenges such as app fatigue and the need for personalized features. The paper concludes that while fitness apps hold promise in encouraging healthier lifestyles among office workers, continuous innovation and customization are crucial to maximize their effectiveness and sustain user engagement over time.

Female Characters of Fantasy in George Raymond Richard Martin’s A Game of Thrones

Fantasy is fiction about bizarre and impossible to which female characters were connected through this work. A Game of Thrones is an epic fantasy novel, under the series. A Song of Ice and Fire. This fantasy novel involves psychological and archetypical personal features to create the middle age’s culture. A good number of female characters were presented who were not just an accessory but an engaging, powerful and successful person belonging to various age groups. Fantasy in this novel develops along with the heroines. Martin’s heroines can be considered as feminists, they were not limited to the stereotypical gender roles. The female protagonists of the series are generally aristocratic women who have to abide the rules which are enforced on them. Women navigate societal expectations in diverse ways, with some conforming, others openly resisting, and a third group employing more subtle, devious methods to oppose prevailing norms. All the women are oppressed, they have to struggle and are limited by the boundaries set by the society typical for many a book of the fantasy genre. They all are affected by the patriarchal society they live in. Martin tries to overcome all these with some female characters with different aspects but believably strong.

Dialogue In The Poetry Of Ibn Muqbil (A Reading Of The Aesthetics Of The Text)/ الحوار في شعر ابن مقبل (قراءة في جماليات النص)

The dialogue represents an essential part of the aesthetics of the literary text, with the aesthetic interaction and multiplicity of voices within the text that it achieves. It helps to reveal the features of the creator's personality and its psychological tendencies. Through his conversation, the creator may look to show the characters who surrounded him, which may have affected his creative process. It psychologically impacted the creator and created an essential influence on the recipient. The method research is the theory of reading and reception and the mechanisms of the German theorist (Wolfgang Iser) in revealing the aesthetic effect of the creative artistic and poetic techniques that the text carries. The most important result of the research is that there is much dialogue in Ibn Muqbil's poetry, employing him to express psychological impulses such as grief, illness, and love toward the beloved woman or to complain about her. Dialogue contributed to the aesthetic of influence through artistic techniques that exposed creative poetics and the susceptibility of ancient texts to permanence, life, and harmony with theories of modernity (such as reading and receiving theory).

Temporal Contrastive and Spatial Enhancement Coarse Grained Network for Weakly Supervised Group Activity Recognition

Group activity recognition (GAR) is an increasingly popular topic in the field of computer vision. Numerous researchers have proposed a range of methods to achieve outstanding recognition performance. However, these methods invariably require fine-grained personal feature extraction and a large network architecture to aggregate individual features or reason person relationships. To mitigate the need for a bloated portfolio of annotations and high training costs, weak supervision has emerged as a promising approach. Under the weak supervision paradigm, only coarse-grained labels are used during network training. Nevertheless, this method poses two key challenges. Firstly, it is limited in its ability to model temporal relationships among individual persons, and secondly, it tends to focus on less relevant information, thereby leading to suboptimal network parameter optimization. Both of these challenges result in erroneous temporal information judgment and training inefficiencies. To address these challenges within the weak supervision paradigm, we propose a novel Temporal Contrastive and Spatial Enhancement Coarse-Grained Network (TCSE-CGN) to solve the GAR problem. TCSE-CGN comprises two simple yet effective streams, namely the Spatial Enhancement Stream and the Temporal Contrastive Stream. After extracting features using only several RGB frames, half of the extracted feature is sent to the Spatial Enhancement Stream for enhancement using an attention mechanism. Consequently, the network automatically learns more representative information. The remaining feature is sent to the Temporal Contrastive Stream, which uses contrastive learning to model temporal relationships among all RGB frame-level features. Specifically, the network is guided to learn the hidden semantic temporal information about inter-frame sequences. Network parameters are optimized using a combination of universe cross-entropy loss and a novel temporal contrastive loss. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on two widely used datasets, namely the Volleyball dataset and the Collective dataset, to demonstrate the effectiveness of TCSE-CGN. Results show that TCSE-CGN performs competitively with other works that require more supervision and a larger architecture.

The Role of Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Relationship-Specific Features in Self- and Other-Perceptions of Conflict Frequency in Adolescent Relationships with Parents and Peers.

Conflict frequency in adolescence has been linked to personality and relationship-specific features. However, an integrative investigation of both aspects is lacking. To address this gap, this study used data from 571 individuals in middle adolescence (Study 1; Mage = 15.86, SD = 1.23; 75.8% female) and 233 individuals in late adolescence (Study 2; Mage = 17.17, SD = 1.01; 75.5% female) in Germany, including participants' self-reports on conflict frequency and other-reports provided by parents and peers. Across studies, multigroup models revealed that adolescents' level of neuroticism predicted self- and other-perceived conflict frequency in parent and peer relationships more consistently than agreeableness, while providing no evidence for an interplay between both personality traits. Furthermore, relationship-specific features differentially accounted for individual differences in conflict frequency across relationship types, such that in adolescents' relationships with parents, lower relationship quality related to more frequent conflicts. In peer relationships, higher contact frequency was linked to more frequent conflicts. The present findings highlight the contributions of both personality and relationship-specific features to conflict frequency in adolescence and offer practical guidance for the improvement of adolescents' and their relationship partners' social skills and experiences. All research questions, hypotheses, and analyses of this research were preregistered at the OSF and can be retrieved from: https://osf.io/xmvqd/ .

Issues of artistic creativity in the aspect of performing activity

Relevance. Art has a great impact on the cultural development of both society and the individual. The ability to understand and accept the product of artistic activity is an important feature of a modern person. Consideration of the problems of the embodiment of creativity through performing activities will bring the perception of creativity to a new more conscious level. In addition, the introduction to this work will be useful for representatives of performing and authoring activities, for more fruitful cooperation. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the psychology of the issues of artistic creativity for certain types of performing activities. The allocation of individual types of activities will allow a more detailed and conscious approach to the consideration of the issue. Methodology. The method of scientific analysis and psychological modelling is used. The analysis of theoretical scientific literature on psychology, philosophy, and the history of the issue was carried out. Results. The article describes the problems of artistic creativity for each of the selected types of performing activities: for musicians, instrumental and vocal performers, conductors, dancers, actors, directors and readers. The analysis of the results of this article and the works on this topic by Russian researchers has shown that in Russian practice more attention is paid to the theoretical part of the question. World research, based on a theoretical basis, is aimed at empirical research on the practical psychology of the creative and performing process. Conclusions. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the issues of artistic creativity and, as a result, their reduction. Based on the identified complex and particular issues of performers, a method is proposed to reduce the negative impact of external factors. Keywords: the psychology of art; musicology; aesthetic disciplines; author's idea; the embodiment of the work

Enhancing User Experience in E-commerce through Personalization Algorithms A Study on Information System Design

This research aims to improve user experience in e-commerce through the use of personalization algorithms in information system design. The research methods used involve literature analysis, prototype development, and user testing. Literature analysis was conducted to understand the concept of personalization, relevant algorithms, and factors influencing user experience in e-commerce. Based on this understanding, a prototype e-commerce information system with personalization features was implemented. User testing is carried out to collect data about user experiences before and after implementing a personalization algorithm. The research results show that the use of personalization algorithms significantly improves user experience in e-commerce. Users report feeling more engaged, increased relevance of content, and ease in finding products that match their preferences. Apart from that, this research also identifies several important factors that need to be considered in the design of e-commerce information systems that use personalization algorithms, such as data privacy, transparency, and user control. In conclusion, the use of personalization algorithms can effectively improve user experience in e-commerce, with the important note of considering relevant factors.

A Generative Approach to Person Reidentification.

Person Re-identification is the task of recognizing comparable subjects across a network of nonoverlapping cameras. This is typically achieved by extracting from the source image a vector of characteristic features of the specific person captured by the camera. Learning a good set of robust, invariant and discriminative features is a complex task, often leveraging contrastive learning. In this article, we explore a different approach, learning the representation of an individual as the conditioning information required to generate images of the specific person starting from random noise. In this way we decouple the identity of the individual from any other information relative to a specific instance (pose, background, etc.), allowing interesting transformations from one identity to another. As generative models, we use the recent diffusion models that have already proven their sensibility to conditioning in many different contexts. The results presented in this article serve as a proof-of-concept. While our current performance on common benchmarks is lower than state-of-the-art techniques, the approach is intriguing and rich of innovative insights, suggesting a wide range of potential improvements along various lines of investigation.

Bidirectional relationship between borderline personality features and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: A school-based cohort study

Depressive symptoms is a public health concern worldwide, and adolescents may experience more depressive symptoms. Although the relationship between borderline personality features (BPFs) disorder and depressive symptoms has been established, it is unclear whether the longitudinal relationship between them is unidirectional or bidirectional and whether these symptoms are different between boys and girls. In this study, Chinese adolescents (1608 total and separately 972 for boys and 636 girls) were enrolled between September 2019 and September 2021, and we analyzed the data using a cross-lagged model. The results suggested a bidirectional relationship between BPFs and depressive symptoms in boys (β = 0.191 and 0.117, P < 0.001). However, in girls, depressive symptoms were predicted based on BPFs (β = 0.225, P < 0.001), whereas BPFs were not predicted based on depressive symptoms (β = 0.035, P = 0.535). The findings suggest that borderline personality traits and depressive symptoms are only bilaterally associated in girls, which also provides important evidence for the treatment and prevention of adolescent BPFs and depressive symptoms.

PECULIARITIES OF APPLYING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE HIGHER LEGAL EDUCATION

The paper is dedicated to issues on peculiarities of applying information and communicative technologies in the higher legal education. There is stressed, information and communicative technologies, in the context of its` applying in the educative process, would be understood as a tool of knowledge. There is suggested to interpret information and communicative technologies, applying in the educative process as a set of methods and technical equipment for providing an effective process of studding and communication on the basis of computer networks. Roles of information and communicative technologies in the higher legal education are formulated. They are cognitive, researchscientific, professional-practical, formative-personal, competitive-motivational, resistant, creative. Their content is opened. There is showed, the significance of information and communicative technologies in the process of the higher legal education is an establishment, formation and development of a subject of the educational process relevant to today's technological requirements as a complete individual with a high level of professionalism and appropriate personal features. There is outlined, the applying information and communicative technologies in the higher legal education has a raw of peculiarities. The specificity of higher legal education, which is manifested in the practical orientation of legal professions and the orientation of training students for work in state authorities, is their determinant. Advantages and disadvantages of the applying information and communicative technologies for students and tutors are analyzed. After results of analysis, recommendations on applying information and communicative technologies in the educational process in general, and in the higher legal education in particular, are formulated. These recommendations provide usage of information and communicative technologies in the higher legal education on the basis of rationality and temperance, and, however, exclusion of the possibility of replacing the real one with a "virtual" educational process.

Internet Addiction and Life Satisfaction among Indian College Students

People who suffer from internet addiction show a variety of behavioral characteristics, such as nervousness, trepidation, worry and concern which have a detrimental impact on their personality features and self-esteem. In addition, studies have shown social anxiety to have an inverse relationship with self-esteem. The aim of this study is to understand the relation and impact of Internet Addiction and Life Satisfaction in college students with respect to their education field, the qualitative study was conducted in 2022 among the people of age group ranging from 18-26 years. who are college students. Both male and female have participated in this research. Two questionnaires were combined and provided to the participants to fill. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Kimberly Young. Second one – Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) . Females are more addicted to the internet as compared to males. There is a negative correlation between the internet addiction and life satisfaction. Based on the results, it is found that females are more addicted to the internet as compared to males. There is a negative correlation between the internet addiction.

Impact of clinical severity on treatment response in a randomized controlled trial comparing day hospital and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorder.

This study examined the impact of clinical severity on treatment outcome in two programs that differ markedly in treatment intensity: day hospital mentalization-based treatment (MBT-DH) and intensive outpatient mentalization-based treatment (MBT-IOP) for borderline personality disorder (BPD). A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants include the full intention-to-treat sample of the original trial of N= 114 randomized BPD patients (MBT-DH n= 70, MBT-IOP n= 44), who were assessed at baseline and subsequently every 6 up to 36 months after start of treatment. Outcomes were general symptom severity, borderline features, and interpersonal functioning. Clinical severity was examined in terms of severity of BPD, general symptom severity, comorbid symptom disorders, comorbid personality disorders, and cluster C personality features. None of the severity measures was related to treatment outcome or differentially predicted treatment outcome in MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, with the exception of a single moderating effect of co morbid symptom disorders on outcome in terms of BPD features, indicating less improvement in MBT-DH for patients with more symptom disorders. Overall, patients with varying levels of clinical severity benefited equally from MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, indicating that clinical severity may not be a useful criterion to differentiate in treatment intensity.

Fairness, expectations and life satisfaction: evidence from Europe

This study aims to investigate whether individual beliefs about the fairness of society can account for differences in life satisfaction. Fairness here encompasses both procedural and distributive justice. The paper uses fifth-round individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS). The round in question contains information that can be used as a proxy for procedural justice, in the form of individual assessment of how the courts operate in their country. It also contains variables that will serve as a proxy for distributive justice. To that end we use survey information on individual assessment of whether pay is appropriate as well as a variable measuring the gap between received and expected pay. The latter is constructed using pay information and individuals’ personal demographic and productive features, as well as information on the characteristics of their workplace. The hypothesis that life satisfaction is impacted by perceived unfairness cannot be rejected. Furthermore, we find that dissatisfaction with pay increases when individuals have a negative view of procedural justice.

Challenges and approaches to calibrating patient phenotype as evidence for cancer gene variant classification under ACMG/AMP guidelines.

Since first publication of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Medical Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant classification guidelines, additional recommendations for application of certain criteria have been released (https://clinicalgenome.org/docs/), to improve their application in the diagnostic setting. However, none have addressed use of the PS4 and PP4 criteria, capturing patient presentation as evidence towards pathogenicity. Application of PS4 can be done through traditional case-control studies, or "proband counting" within or across clinical testing cohorts. Review of the existing PS4 and PP4 specifications for Hereditary Cancer Gene Variant Curation Expert Panels revealed substantial differences in the approach to defining specifications. Using BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 as exemplar genes, we calibrated different methods proposed for applying the "PS4 proband counting" criterion. For each approach, we considered limitations, non-independence with other ACMG/AMP criteria, broader applicability, and variability in results for different datasets. Our findings highlight inherent overlap of proband-counting methods with ACMG/AMP frequency codes, and the importance of calibration to derive dataset-specific code weights that can account for potential between-dataset differences in ascertainment and other factors. Our work emphasizes the advantages and generalizability of logistic regression analysis over simple proband-counting approaches to empirically determine the relative predictive capacity and weight of various personal clinical features in the context of multigene panel testing, for improved variant interpretation. We also provide a general protocol, including instructions for data formatting and a web-server for analysis of personal history parameters, to facilitate dataset-specific calibration analyses required to use such data for germline variant classification.

Understanding the Implementation of Informal Meditation Practice in a Smartphone-Based Intervention: A Qualitative Analysis.

Informal practice (i.e., brief meditation practices incorporated spontaneously into daily activities) may be important for increasing the efficacy and accessibility of meditation-based interventions (MedBIs). However, the facilitators and barriers to engaging in informal practice are largely unknown. The current study aimed to investigate factors associated with the implementation of informal practice. Participants were drawn from a randomized trial testing the effects of 5- versus 15-min daily meditation practice in a 4-week smartphone-delivered meditation training. Qualitative interviews on informal practice were conducted with 17 participants (mean age: 37.12 years; 82.35% female; 52.94% non-Latinx White) following the intervention. Given that prior knowledge on this topic is limited, inductive content analysis was utilized to characterize participants' experiences in relation to implementing informal practice. Four overarching categories emerged from the data, namely (a) reported benefits of informal practice, (b) integration of informal practice, (c) perceived barriers to informal practice, and (d) recommended facilitators of informal practice. This study underscores the importance of addressing barriers and facilitators (e.g., providing personalized app features, reminders, social support, and repeating intervention content) to encourage individuals' informal practice. Findings provide suggestions for methods to increase engagement in informal practice, which may, in turn, increase the accessibility and effectiveness of MedBIs. The larger trial from which the qualitative interview participants were drawn was preregistered through clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05229406) and the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/fszvj/?view_only=039b14ccbf8848bd99808c983070b635). The qualitative analyses reported here were not preregistered.

Distinctive Characteristics of Destructive Conflicts Among Students

The paper considers the concept of "destructive conflict" and its significant characteristics; the causes and consequences of the emergence of destructive conflicts in student age are studied; the interrelation of personal features of students with behavioral reactions in a destructive conflict is analyzed.Conflicts are constantly present in relationships between people and play a key role in the life of a person, family, team, state, society and the person as a whole. The student society also cannot do without conflicts, as many different problems arise in it. Student problems are very diverse and large-scale, and most of all they are associated with the educational process and the individual and personal characteristics of a person. During the educational process, students need to adequately assess both their level of stress resistance and the degree of severity of personality conflict. Students need to learn how to effectively use various ways to overcome conflict behavior, to be able to detect and understand conflictogens that can lead to conflict escalation.The purpose of the psychological research presented in the work was a multidimensional study of the features of the course of destructive conflicts in the student environment.The scientific article presents the results of a study of such characteristics as character accentuations; aggressiveness; tactics of behavior in the conflict. Thanks to the conducted psychological experiment, interconnected sets were identified, including both personal characteristics and styles of behavior in conflict. These parameters were calculated using the computer program STATISTICA 13.5.0.17.The work used such methodological approaches as axiological, humanistically oriented, systemic. Scientific methods of psychological research were: organizational methods; theoretical analysis of literary sources on the research problem; empirical methods: observation, psychodiagnostic methods.

Electroconvulsive therapy for adolescents with severe depressive episode and suicidality: retrospective comparison between responders and non-responders

BackgroundFor adolescents with major depression who exhibit suicidal tendencies, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is increasingly adopted in clinical practice. Yet, the precise mechanisms behind its effectiveness remain elusive, and studies on factors that influence treatment outcomes are scarce.MethodsIn this retrospective comparative study, we included all adolescent severe depressive episode patients with suicidal tendencies admitted to the Psychiatry Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2017 and 2021 and received ECT treatment. By collecting data on personal history, medical history, and standard treatment features, we established demographic, disease, medication, and ECT treatment factors variables. Patients were divided into effective and ineffective groups based on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale scores, and differences between outcomes were compared. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors independently associated with ineffectiveness.ResultsA total of 494 adolescent severe depressive episode patients with suicidal behavior who received ECT were included in this study. According to CGI-I scores, the treatment was effective in 361 patients (73.1%) and ineffective in 133 patients (26.9%). Logistic regression analyses showed that 8 to 12 and 12 to 16 ECT sessions reduced the risk of ineffectiveness compared to fewer than 4 sessions. The risk of ineffectiveness decreased with age and increased with comorbidity with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Compared to sertraline, escitalopram was associated with a heightened risk of futility, whereas olanzapine and aripiprazole demonstrated a reduced risk when contrasted with quetiapine.ConclusionsECT's ineffectiveness in treating adolescent severe depressive episode with suicidal behavior decreases with age, and comorbidity with OCD significantly increases the risk of treatment failure. Fewer than 8 ECT sessions may hinder achieving satisfactory results.