Development Of Child's Personality Research Articles

Political Violence: Transgenerational Inscription and Trauma

ABSTRACTThreatened by voices by popular dissent, some South American governments used massive imprisonments, systematic torture of prisoners, executions, indictments, and forced exile to silence and intimidate thousands of men and women. This profoundly disturbed all aspects of “normal” life from the co‐existence of different groups of the population to the core of the family.The traumatic effect produced by these events, which are both repressive to, and sustained in children's personality development, and the family as a whole, cannot be ignored. This article will look at the way in which terror is imprinted upon the psyche of victims of violence, and the effects of the transmission of that imprint from one generation to the next if there is no treatment intervention. The word “mark” is used to describe this imprint, its manifestations, and its effects on the psychic life of survivors and their children. The word “inscription” is used to describe the way in which this mark is burned into the psyche, just as the tattoos of Auschwitz were burned into the skin. Four case examples will elucidate how these histories of violence disturb the individual capacity to examine reality. They will explore the ways in which the defense mechnisms, built to insure psychic survival, are strained by the struggle between keeping the secret of umentionable and irresolvable horrors and the need to restore psychic continuity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The influence of football on the personal development of children in Uganda

This article provides information on an ongoing research in the field of Sport and Development. The aim of the whole research is to provide knowledge on the role of the football in the personal development of children in the context of developing countries. The sample analysed in this article includes semi-structured interviews with three youth players from the Kids League in Uganda. The researcher also used other methods during this study. All three interviews were carried out during the Football for Hope Festival in South Africa in 2010. Only the results of these interviews are presented in this article. These findings are seeing football very positively. The youth consider football as very important. It enables them to meet new people, learn new skills and some of them want to build their professional career.

Research of Parents' Attitudes Concerning Cooperation with Primary School in Relation to their Socio-Demographic Characteristics

Abstract Mutual cooperation between parents and teachers and professional services in primary schools is key to overall development of child personality. Many studies have shown that involvement of parents in the work of primary school is of great importance for improving the quality of the educational work of the same. The quality and intensity of cooperation between parents and primary school is determined by several factors, including the interest of parents and their socio-demographic characteristics.For this purpose we realized research, where we use questionnaire, where are examined parent's attitudes for their cooperation with the primary school and their socio-demographic characteristics (educational, economic and marital status, age, ethnicity and religious affiliation, order of birth of the child and family structure) as determinants of that cooperation.

Parental Attitude Perception in Adolescents by Gender

Together with the family structure and dynamics, the attitudes exhibited towards the child plays a large part in the child's personality development. The sample of the study conducted to investigate the adolescent's perception of parental attitudes by gender and age variables is composed of 180 students between 15-25 year-of-age attending highs schools and universities in Istanbul in the academic year of 2010-2011. The “Parental Attitudes Scale” developed by Kuzgun and Eldeleklioğlu has been used in the research. According to the research results; the males perceive their mothers as more authoritarian and protective, while the females perceive their fathers as more democratic and protective compared to males. Together with the increasing age, the adolescents perceive their mothers as more democratic, and fathers as more authoritarian. The results acquired in the study will be used within the scope of the project called “Constructive Communication with Adolescents – Parent Training Model”.

Does Russia need sex education? The views of stakeholders in three Russian regions

Objective To investigate the attitudes of the main stakeholders towards the introduction of sex education in schools in Russia. Design Qualitative semi-structured interview study. Setting Altai Krai, Volgograd Oblast, Moscow, Russian Federation. Participants One hundred and fifty-three interviews with Intersectoral HIV/AIDS Committee members, government officials responsible for HIV policies and interventions, non-governmental organisation and private-sector representatives. Main outcome measures Perception of and attitudes towards the introduction of sex education in schools. Results Ninety-one per cent of stakeholders welcomed the introduction of sex education in schools and emphasised its importance for a child's personal development, public health, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS control, and pregnancy planning. The majority of respondents suggested providing different information for each age and grade. Despite the claimed support of interviewed policy-makers and main HIV stakeholders, there has been no action to introduce sex education. The majority of respondents were of the view that wider positive support through propaganda about health, sex and healthy lifestyle should be gained prior to introducing sex education in schools by addressing the stigma surrounding sexual issues. Conclusions There was little opposition to the introduction of sex education in Russian schools expressed in our survey, but there are uncertainties regarding curriculum quality, teaching methods and the starting grade of teaching about sex, and there is a need to cover local sensitivities in the territories. These concerns could and should be addressed during curriculum design, development and programme implementation by the federal and local authorities. Wider involvement of educational specialists, peer-adults, health workers, celebrities and religious representatives in discussion of the curriculum could help prevent opposition to its implementation. Contribution to knowledge Discussion of sex-related topics has been taboo in Russia and there has been little research into opinions on issues related to sex education. The contribution of this research is in gaining theoretical in-depth understanding of the attitudes of the interviewed stakeholders in Russia about the introduction of sex education in schools.

The Modes of Communication Used by Children With Cochlear Implants and Role of Sign in Their Lives

In a mixed-methods study, which included surveys of 247 parents and 151 teachers, the researchers investigated the modes of communication used by children with cochlear implants and the role of signed communication in the children's lives. Findings indicated that 15%-20% of the children in the parent surveys and approximately 30% of the children in the teacher surveys were using some form of signed communication. Qualitative findings from interviews with parents, teachers, and children with cochlear implants elaborated on the quantitative findings. While the development of spoken-language communication was the main aim of their children's cochlear implantation for the large majority of parents, many valued the use of either Signed English or Australian Sign Language, which they felt supported their children's personal, social, and academic development. Young people who used sign switched comfortably between communication modes according to their communication partners, topics, and settings.

Cooking in schools: rewarding teachers for inspiring adolescents to make healthy choices

Summary Cooking in schools is an important part of a child's personal development. Children who develop adequate cooking skills and nutritional knowledge are more likely to make healthier food choices in later life. Children carry these new found skills through to adulthood, and there is evidence to suggest that an increased nutritional awareness and ability in cooking skills helps individuals to make effective dietary choices. In the past, there have been a number of cooking-related activities aimed at children and students. Grainchain.com's Inspire! competition aimed to encourage teachers who had developed inspiring cooking-skills related lesson plans to promote the dissemination of effective teaching ideas to less confident colleagues. The Inspire! competition highlighted the imagination, drive and talent that there is within the UK teaching industry to deliver engaging, effective practical cooking lessons. Making the most of these talents is a key part in helping children to develop skills, knowledge and confidence from which they will benefit throughout their adult lives.

Self-Relation of Adolescents in a Family with a Step-Father

This article represents an empirical study of adolescent's self-relation in a family where the mother has re-married. In many studies self-awareness and its functional aspect--self-relation--are selected as new stages in adolescence. The family is considered to be the most important factor in a child's and adolescent's personality development. Literature reviews on the specifics of a child's development in a family with a second marriage present some of the problems facing the parents and children in it. In the present article, problems of relations between children and parents are discussed. A principal finding of this report is that adolescents from families with a stepfather have a less flexible self-relation than adolescents from families with the biological father; to have a positive self-relation they need defence mechanisms. At the same time, analysis of adolescents' drawings shows that adolescents from families with a stepfather exclude themselves from the family system. In addition, the article discusses gender differences in self-relation in two types of families.

How bilingual is bilingual? Mother-tongue proficiency and learning through a second language

In a bilingual context, the mother tongue plays a key role in a child's social and personal development, in education and in second-language learning. There is a complex relationship between these three areas. Support for children receiving education through a second language is often in the form of additional learning opportunities in the second language. However, first-language competence has been shown to affect learning in the second language. This paper looks at pre-school migrant children in a bilingual context and investigates the nature of the children's bilingualism. Findings show that they do not have the same level of mother-tongue competence as children brought up in their country of origin. The paper goes on to consider the reasons for these differences in mother-tongue competence and possible responses. The paper concludes that for these children, nursery education in the mother tongue could raise levels of competence in the second language and increase wider educational opportunities, as well as contributing to mutual respect, social cohesion and harmony. There is a complex relationship between mother-tongue development, children's self-esteem, educational opportunities and second-language learning. This paper considers how this complex relationship affects groups of children in four European contexts: Turkey, Norway, Germany and Austria.

The power of music: Its impact on the intellectual, social and personal development of children and young people

This paper reviews the empirical evidence relating to the effects of active engagement with music on the intellectual, social and personal development of children and young people. It draws on research using the most advanced technologies to study the brain, in addition to quantitative and qualitative psychological and educational studies. It explains how musical skills may transfer to other activities if the processes involved are similar. It explores the evidence relating to the impact of musical skills on language development, literacy, numeracy, measures of intelligence, general attainment, creativity, fine motor co-ordination, concentration, self-confidence, emotional sensitivity, social skills, team work, self-discipline, and relaxation. It suggests that the positive effects of engagement with music on personal and social development only occur if it is an enjoyable and rewarding experience. This has implications for the quality of the teaching.

Psychological consequences of sexual and physical violence against Yemenite children of 6-11 years old

The results of empirical research of psychological consequences of sexual and physical violence against children in Yemen are represented in the article. They affect distorted personal development of children, change of their behaviour, thinking, and intensity of signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at them.

Learning & Development: Well-being: Part 1 - Good company

In this new four-part series, Marion Dowling explores aspects of children's personal development that enable them to grow up and lead happy and satisfying lives. Here, she looks at children as social beings.

The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence

The developmental pathways leading to personality disorders are poorly understood, but clues to these pathways come from recent research on personality disorders and normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. The first section of this paper reviews recent work on personality disorders in childhood and adolescence, and concludes that personality disorders in adolescence are already prevalent, moderately stable, and impairing. The second section draws on McAdams and Pals' personality model to offer a taxonomy of personality differences that can account for the known patterns of emerging personality pathology. This taxonomy includes youths' temperament and personality traits, mental representations (including attachment), coping strategies, and narrative identities. Individual differences in all of these domains may play critical roles in the development, manifestation, and course of personality disorders. Existing knowledge of normal and abnormal personality development can inform future research on the developmental pathways leading to personality pathology, the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders, and the development of validated treatments for personality disorders in the first two decades of life.

Love and respect

Introducing a series of activities that cover love and respect can be a complex task. It is, however, essential for a child's personal, social and emotional development. Ailsa Chapman explains.

IKIMOKYKLINĖS UGDYMO ĮSTAIGOS GAMTINĖS APLINKOS SVARBA VAIKŲ PAŽINIMO KOMPETENCIJOS PLĖTOTEI

The Relevance of the Research. In the general programmes/curricula and the Standards of Education of the School of General Education of Lithuania (2003) it is stated that “preschool, primary and basic child education is considered as one of the most important priorities of contemporary education policy, as the basis for lifelong learning”. Contemporary preschool education regulations are an aspiration to help a child to acquire competencies necessary for everyday life and successful education/self-education at school, the basis of which is the sum total of already possessed value attitudes, gained abilities and skills, and experience. It is not enough to call child’s competencies an aspiration – it is important to attempt to “measure” them, and it is what has been emphasized in the present work. The importance of one of the competencies – the cognitive competency – is emphasized in Preschool Education Standards (2003). The straightest way to the development of child’s cognitive competency is the formation of natural environment in a preschool institution. Cognitive psychology considers permanent investigation of environment as one of the most important factors of the development of child personality. In contemporary reformed nursery school the investigation activity, its importance, significance, functionality, relations between natural environment and the cognitive competency is little or almost not investigated area. The object of research - the importance of natural environment for the development of the cognitive competency. The aim of research - to analyze what kind of importance natural environment of a preschool institution has for the development of the cognitive competency. The Methodology. J. A. Comenius, J. J. Rousseau, J. H. Pestalozzi suggested naturality/nature as the example or means to cognize and investigate the world. In order to collect the data about the importance of natural environment for the development of the cognitive competency, in the work the reference has been made to J. Bruner’s theory of cognitive development. In modern cognitive conception of learning it is stated that only by investigating cognitive processes we may better perceive the behaviour of a person himself/herself. For the evolution of the development of cognition natural environment is important and closest to a child because there sensory abilities may develop. Results of research. Educators of preschool educational institutions positively evaluate value of a natural environment for formation of the cognitive competence. On the other hand it is not the main limiting factor. Experts understand essence and value of updating and formation of natural environment in preschool education institutions. Change of a situation is interfered by poor material resources, the low competence of preschool educators (teachers) in the field of natural science education, inadequate programs and standards. 68 percent of experts consider, that it is very important to establish close communications with a following level of education – primary and basic (lower secondary) school. In opinion of 59 percent of experts it is very important constant improvement of professional competence (skills) of teachers of preschool education. Half of experts (50%) recognize that virtual, instead of the natural environment today prevails. It is established, that in opinion of the majority of experts (72, 7%) the natural environment of preschool education institutions is artificial and limited. Key words: natural environment, preschool education cognitive competency.

Incy Wincy Spider

If activities are carefully planned and well organised one simple rhyme can provide a whole host of enjoyable activities that not only help develop language and vocabulary but other skills as well. You can promote children's personal and social development through co-operative games. You might also be able to incorporate activities involving periods of concentration and, importantly, independence. If the activity was enjoyable the children will want to go back to it time and time again, often using their problem-solving abilities to adapt it to meet their particular needs or interests.

Evidence That the Presence of a Half‐Sibling Negatively Impacts a Child's Personal Development

Abstract. This paper examines the relationship between a child's family structure and his or her development. While most prior research in this area has defined a child's family structure according to his or her relationship to adults in the household, this study examines the relationship of the child to not only adults but also other children in the household. We provide evidence that half‐siblings brought into the household from previous relationships affect the well‐being of children born into a subsequent marriage who live with both of their biological parents. Stepchildren and children living with both biological parents exhibited more behavior problems and scored worse on reading achievement tests when half‐siblings were present. In contrast, stepchildren living without half‐siblings in the home fared no worse than biological children without half‐siblings. These results not only highlight a previously overlooked at‐risk group (children living with half‐siblings brought into the household from a parent's prior relationship), but they also illustrate the potential ramifications of classifying children into family structures based on their individual relationship with the householders, rather than based on the family types. The authors illustrate the relevance of these findings to current policy‐making decisions regarding marriage promotion policies and child support legislation.

Child Personality in Slovenia and Russia

The present study compares structure, mean trait levels, and development of child personality in Slovenia and Russia, using parent and self-reports on the Inventory of Child Individual Differences. Evidence for the Five Factor Model of child and adolescent personality structure is demonstrated across age groups, genders, and countries. In comparison with Russians, Slovenian children are rated higher on Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Some of the differences are observed even among toddlers, and these differences increase over age, suggesting that they do not arise solely in the process of socialization. Cultural differences are more pronounced for parent reports than for adolescent self-reports, suggesting that a part of these differences may reflect cultural influences on parent ratings.

393 – Cognitive predictors of daily life style in schizophrenic patients

Atopic eczema is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children, affecting around 10% of children in the developed world. It can be a distressing condition, influencing children's well-being, personal and educational development, and family life, and it has huge economic implications for health services and individual budgets. Like other atopic diseases such as asthma and hay fever, the prevalence of atopic eczema has increased substantially over the last 30 years, for reasons largely unknown. Although a genetic predisposition to the disease has been implicated, evidence from a range of sources suggests that environmental factors play a crucial role in the disease expression. This paper reviews the epidemiology of atopic eczema, with particular attention to potential environmental aetiological factors and draws evidence from studies in the UK and internationally. First, atopic eczema has been found to vary socially and to be more prevalent in the UK among social class I and II families than among other socio-economic groups. Second, it has been suggested that cross infection from other siblings in large families may have a protective role in atopic disease expression. Third, it has been proposed that an increased risk of atopic eczema may result from decreases in helminthic infestation. Fourth, studies of migrant groups have shown large increases in disease prevalence compared with migrants' country of origin, suggesting clues as to the importance of socio-economic and environmental changes such as those associated with industrialization. Finally, a distinct and consistent geographical pattern of eczema has been observed in the UK which cannot be explained by social class distribution. The various types of study have attempted to identify reasons for differences in prevalence but, to date, no definitive causation has been identified. In some cases, specific risk factors have been suggested and include house dust mites, dietary allergens and irritants. It is argued here that the aetiology is unlikely to be simple or uni-causal and that an understanding of the relationships between the disease and behaviour, lifestyle, home and external environmental factors is crucial. This paper reports the preliminary stages of an interdisciplinary research project involving dermatologists, epidemiologists and health geographers, and calls for investigation into associations between atopic eczema and possible environmental and lifestyle factors. These include behavioural factors, microenvironment factors and macroenvironments.

The Educational Value of Nasreddin Hodja’s Anecdotes

The anecdotes of Nasreddin Hodja, who lived in Anatolia in the 13th century, have always attracted people due to the humour they contain, but this discussion also focuses on exploring the educational value of the anecdotes. According to teachers who contributed to this study, the anecdotes stimulate students’ interest in language work, create a relaxed learning atmosphere and help students think positively through Nasreddin Hodja’s humour. The anecdotes, which relate to social life and society, cover a rich diversity of topics with both positive and negative examples of behaviour; and they also may provoke positive effects in the personality development of children.