Personality Data Research Articles

Organizational Practice Adoption in the MNC: A Trait Activation Theory Approach

The ability to leverage organizational practices throughout the organization is a major concern in multinational companies (MNC). Although prior research has explored organizational practice adoption in the MNC, it has largely neglected the roles of individuals who adopt the practices and their specific situational contexts. We introduce trait activation theory as a novel theoretical lens to study how managers’ personality traits affect organizational practice adoption. Specifically, we develop and test a model of the impact of managers´ core self-evaluations on organizational practice adoption. Then, we specify the contingent roles of formal and informal controls. Using a proprietary dataset comprising of 130 practice adoption cases combined with unique personality data, we find sound empirical evidence to suggest that formal and informal controls play different roles in the activation of subsidiary managers’ personality traits. Our theory and empirical results provide novel insights into the relationship between managers’ personality traits and the organizational context in the adoption of organizational practices, as well as the interplay of trait activation and situation strength theories in practice adoption.

Naturalist intelligence and personality: An understanding students’ responsible environmental behavior

Notwithstanding that many efforts to overcome environmental problems have been carried out by several parties, yet the issues still occur. Improving students’ responsible environmental behavior (REB) can be an alternative to solve environmental problems. This study aimed to analyze the relation between the both variables (i.e. naturalist intelligence and personality) and students’ REB at SJHS 51 of Bandung. The research was carried out using quantitative descriptive method through a correlational approach. Naturalist intelligence, personality, and REB data were collected using questionnaires. The research data were analyzed using multiple linear regression at α = 0.05. The research results showed that there was a relation between: (1) naturalist intelligence and REB;. (2) personality and REB; and (3) the both predictor variables and REB. Therefore, empowering the both competencies (naturalist intelligence and personality) is the essential step to improve students’ REB.

Corrigendum: Applying Item Response Trees to Personality Data in the Selection Context

Corrigendum: Applying Item Response Trees to Personality Data in the Selection Context

Finding the right fuel for the analytical engine: Expanding the leader trait paradigm through machine learning?

Using self-report personality data and 360-degree performance evaluations of 973 managers across various contexts, we investigated the leader trait paradigm using a range of machine learning methods. We found that a relatively simple linear ordinary least squares model incorporating direct effects of traits and context performed equally as well as our best performing complex machine learning alternatives (e.g., lasso and random forests) at predicting leader effectiveness under low-dimension conditions (i.e., a small number of predictors). We then increased dimensionality and found that newer machine learning methods excelled. Overall, our computationally intensive approach supports the argument that (a) direct effects (not interactions) of traits and context are important predictors of leader effectiveness and (b) appropriately matching combinations of methods, models, and data (from simple and conventional to complex and novel) creates a powerful machine learning engine for investigating leadership. We end with opportunities for future research, discuss practical implications, and provide a list of resources for those interested in learning more about this analytical future.

Using bifactor model of personality to predict academic performance and dishonesty

A bifactor Confirmatory Factor Analytic (CFA) model was shown to fit Big Five personality data significantly better than a simple CFA model in predicting academic performance and dishonesty using a sample of 299 undergraduate students from two U.S. universities. Specifically, after removing the variance associated with the general factor, factor scores of extraversion were more strongly related to academic dishonesty than were its scale scores. After controlling for sex and cognitive ability, the factor scores of conscientiousness remained a significant predictor of both academic performance and dishonesty while the factor scores of extraversion was a significant predictor of academic dishonesty. The use of bifactor models in improving the predictive validity of personality is discussed.

Does personality become more stable with age? Disentangling state and trait effects for the big five across the life span using local structural equation modeling.

The cumulative continuity principle of personality proposes a steady increase in Big Five trait stability across the adult life span. However, empirical support for this theoretical notion is still limited. Furthermore, the classical approach of using retest correlations might not be fully capable of illustrating the full picture of personality stability (Hertzog & Nesselroade, 1987). Recent methodological and theoretical advancements suggest that individual differences in personality might reflect both absolutely stable trait-like factors and partly stable changing factors (Anusic & Schimmack, 2016). Here, we aimed to compare how retest correlations versus the stable and changing factors of the Big Five personality traits change across the adult life span. Using 3 waves of personality data from Germany (N = 9,013) and another 3 waves from Australia (N = 6,012), we estimated latent retest and trait-state-occasion models in a local structural-equation-modeling framework and tested for moderating effects of age on model-specific stability components. There were 3 main findings. First, the retest correlations indicated that inverted U-shaped patterns manifested only in part. Second, for all Big Five characteristics (except conscientiousness in Study 1), the stable trait variance was larger than the occasion-specific variance, indicating that reliable individual differences in personality are mostly due to the effects of stable factors. Third, moderating effects of age differed across the Big Five and across the 2 studies and generally showed only limited support for the cumulative continuity principle. We discuss possible theoretical and methodological implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Does revealing personality data affect prosocial behaviour?

Many modern organisations collect data on individuals’ personality traits as part of their human resource selection processes. We test experimentally whether revealing information on personality data impacts on pro-social behaviour as measured in a one-shot modified dictator game and a public goods game. Our focus is on the personality trait of agreeableness which has been shown to be a significant determinant of pro-sociality. We provide new evidence that revealing personality information for disagreeable individuals has detrimental effects on their pro-social behaviour as compared to the baseline no-information benchmark. This is not the case, however, for agreeable individuals when they are matched with agreeable individuals. Agreeable individuals become less pro-social when matched with disagreeable individuals and are aware of this. Our results suggest that information cues about personality significantly affect economic behaviour and have implications for employees’ personality assessments as part of standard hiring processes.

Health risk prediction models incorporating personality data: Motivation, challenges, and illustration.

The age of "big data" in health has ushered in an era of prediction models promising to forecast individual health events. Although many models focus on enhancing the predictive power of medical risk factors with genomic data, a recent proposal is to augment traditional health predictors with psychosocial data, such as personality measures. In this article we provide a general overview of the medical risk prediction models and then discuss the rationale for integrating personality data. We suggest three principles that should guide work in this area if personality data is ultimately to be useful within risk prediction as it is actually practiced in the health care system. These include (a) prediction of specific, priority health outcomes; (b) sufficient incremental validity beyond established biomedical risk factors; and (c) technically responsible model-building that does not overfit the data. We then illustrate the application of these principles in the development of a personality-augmented prediction model for the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment, designed for a primary care setting. We evaluate the results, drawing conclusions for the direction an iterative, programmatic approach would need to take to eventually achieve clinical utility. Although there is great potential for personality measurement to play a key role in the coming era of risk prediction models, the final section reviews the many challenges that must be faced in real-world implementation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Subjective-existential interpretation of ideas about the educational environment of students in a situation of prolonged academic failure

The article analyzes the features of ideas about the educational environment of students who have been in a situation of educational failure for a long period of time. Analysis and interpretation of the results are conducted on the basis of a subjective-existential approach to personality. The main position of the given approach assumes the presence of opportunities and basic needs of the person for the demonstration (self-fulfillment) of himself in various spaces of being. Blocking these opportunities (objective or subjectively understood) deprives a person of subjective activity. The article poses and remains open the question of personal dispositions of situations of failure. Variants of ideas about the forming environment of underachieving (according to objective parameters) students are viewed. The study defined the relationship between the leading trends of the environment (personality data in representations) and real achievements of the personality in these specific situational conditions. The levelling of activity as an environmental parameter in the representations of underachieving students is shown. Being space is not interpreted by the person as providing an opportunity to be active at low objective indicators of the success of activities implemented in this environment.

Does Revealing Personality Data Affect Prosocial Behavior?

Many modern organisations collect data on individuals’ personality traits as part of their human resource selection processes. We test experimentally whether revealing information on personality data impacts on pro-social behaviour as measured in a one-shot modified dictator game and a public goods game. Our focus is on the personality trait of agreeableness which has been shown to be a significant determinant of pro-sociality. We provide new evidence that revealing personality information for disagreeable individuals has detrimental effects on their pro-social behaviour as compared to the baseline no-information benchmark. This is not the case, however, for agreeable individuals when they are matched with agreeable individuals. Agreeable individuals become less pro-social when matched with disagreeable individuals and are aware of this. Our results suggest that information cues about personality significantly affect economic behaviour and have implications for employees’ personality assessments as part of standard hiring processes.

Supplemental Material for Health Risk Prediction Models Incorporating Personality Data: Motivation, Challenges, and Illustration

Supplemental Material for Health Risk Prediction Models Incorporating Personality Data: Motivation, Challenges, and Illustration

The Meaning of Nafs in the Qur’an Based on Quraish Shihab’s Interpretation

: the word nafs (soul) in the context of human speech shows a side in human that has good and bad potential. In the Qur'an, nafs is mentioned 295 times. The type of this research is librarry research, namely research through library data that is representative and relevant to the research object in the form of notes, transcripts, books, interpretation books, and Arabic language dictionaries etc. The collection of research data is obtained by collecting and analyzing data relating to the nafs and books relating to human personality data sources using primary data, secondary data, and tertiary data. The research method used in this research is the method of Maudhu'i's (thematic) of interpretation that is interpreting the Qur’an according to a particular theme or topic. The results of this study indicate that the meaning of first nafs is the power of lust anger and stomach contained in the human soul and is the source of the emergence of despicable morals. As for the second meaning, nafs is a spiritual soul that is lathif, spiritual and rabbani. This nafs in the second sense is what constitutes human rights which distinguishes from animals and other creatures. He classified the Nafs into three, those are: First, Al-Nafs al-Muthmainnah, namely: A clear and bright soul with the remembrance of Allah and eradication of the influence of lust and despicable qualities; second, al-Nafs al-Lawamah, namely the soul that regrets itself; third, al-Nafs al-Amarah, which is the soul that always commands evil.

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS AND EMOTIONAL STABILITY ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGH FLIPPED CLASSROOM

<p class="abstrak">The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of students’ speaking ability in the Flipped Classroom model by using 1) audiovisual media, 2) printed media, 3) online learning WhatsApp and Massive Open Online English Course (MOOEC) in terms of students’ personality of <strong>c</strong>onscientiousness and emotional stability. An experimental research method was used in this study where the data taken from 56 students who enroll class eleventh at Senior High School of MAN 3 Padang. They were divided into four different treatment groups. Students’ speaking ability data were collected by using Oral English Competence Test, while the personality data was measured by using questionnaires with 5-point Likert scale. The data analysis used one ways Anacova. Research findings reported that simultaneously the Flipped Classroom Model by using four different media have significant influence on students' speaking ability in terms of their conscientiousness and emotional stability, but partially was not significant differences on students' speaking ability where the conscientiousness have significant effect on students' speaking ability, but not to emotional stability. Flipped Classroom Model by using online learning WhatsApp and MOOEC highly contribute to the improvement of students' speaking ability than printed media. English teachers can take advantages of the use online learning media WhatsApp and MOOEC in the teaching of English speaking.</p><p class="abstrak"> </p>

It's not unusual to be unusual (or: A different take on multivariate distributions of personality)

Personality, and many other psychological constructs, are assumed to be distributed along multiple dimensions. The current research demonstrates an intriguing implication that these multidimensional distributions hold: as dimensionality increases, people are located progressively further away from the average. In other words, multivariate models of personality render people to be rather ‘unusual.’ I review the geometric and statistical basis for this phenomenon and then illustrate its occurrence in real life using large, open-source personality data. This research offers a fresh perspective on the behavior of multivariate distributions for those who are interested in personality, psychological testing, or enjoy a lighthearted (but substantial) take on statistics.

Data Similarity Filtering of Wartegg Personality Test Result using Cosine-Similarity

Wartegg test is a widely adopted personality evaluation instrument known for its drawing completion technique. Employee personality data, for instance, can be sorted by the closest similarity with the expected characters. Whereas, Wartegg test plays a significant role in data similarity filtering. Despite the potential contribution of personal characters identification technique, practical guidance is rarely found in the literature. This paper demonstrates the usage of cosine-similarity method for data similarity filtering on Wartegg personality test. The method used in this study is a case study, in which will be selected several Wartegg test subjects. By using the value of each character aspect derived from the Wartegg test, the cosine-similarity value will be calculated against the expected/ideal aspect character. Based on this value, the Wartegg test subjects will be filtered based on similarity to the expected/ideal character aspects. A technical procedure to perform the method is also presented in this paper. In order to find out the effectiveness, sample data scores of each character aspect from five test subjects, and also the ideal scores of the expected characters are given. By using FWAT, a graphical representation of the test subjects' characters to the ideal characters is generated. Then, this graph was compared to the results obtained from the cosine-similarity method. Drawn from the results, the cosine-similarity is effectively applied for Wartegg test data similarity filtering.

“Confucian” traits, entrepreneurial personality, and entrepreneurship in China: a regional analysis

Regional personality differences have been linked to regional entrepreneurship in Western countries. Here, we offer a first analysis of the relationship between regional personality and manifest and latent entrepreneurship in China. Because Western research has highlighted the role of an entrepreneurial constellation of the Big Five traits, we compare region-level correlates of Big Five scores with corresponding correlates of indigenous “Confucian” traits, interpersonal relatedness, and its sub-facets traditionalism, Renqing, face, discipline, and harmony. We utilize personality data collected from a representative sample (N = 26,405) of 44 major Chinese cities. We find substantial, meaningful, and robust negative correlations of interpersonal relatedness and its sub-facet traditionalism, face, and discipline with indicators of both manifest entrepreneurship (e.g., rate of newly registered individually owned businesses) and latent entrepreneurship (e.g., number of entrepreneurship-related search queries in the leading Chinese internet search engine: Baidu.com). Robustness checks using the geographical distance to the Forbidden City in Beijing as an exogenous instrument for regional “Confucian” traits supported our findings. In contrast, regional levels in the Big Five traits and in an entrepreneurial Big Five profile were rather irrelevant (e.g., openness was negatively associated with indicators of manifest entrepreneurship). Our study indicates the usefulness of an indigenous personality approach in the study of entrepreneurship in China. The present results give rise to the idea that in populations in China with less emphasis on traditional Confucian values and norms, the development of an active entrepreneurial culture is more accelerated.

Modeling Response Style Using Vignettes and Person-Specific Item Response Theory.

Responses to survey data are determined not only by item characteristics and respondents' trait standings but also by response styles. Recently, methods for modeling response style with personality and attitudinal data have turned toward the use of anchoring vignettes, which provide fixed rating targets. Although existing research is promising, a few outstanding questions remain. First, it is not known how many vignettes and vignette ratings are necessary to identify response style parameters. Second, the comparative accuracy of these models is largely unexplored. Third, it remains unclear whether correcting for response style improves criterion validity. Both simulated data and data observed from a population-representative sample responding to a measure of personality pathology (the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5]) were modeled using an array of response style models. In simulations, most models estimating response styles outperformed the graded response model (GRM), and in observed data, all response style models were superior to the GRM. Correcting for response style had a small, but in some cases significant, effect on the prediction of self-reported social dysfunction.

Mind the trap: large-scale field experiment shows that trappability is not a proxy for personality

Behavioural tendencies vary consistently among individuals and this variation is known as personality. Previous studies have found that personality traits measured through standardized behavioural tests predict trappability (i.e. ‘trap happy’ versus ‘trap shy’). However, the nature of this relationship is unclear since it has been explored only within single species and never across environments. This is problematic because trappability is a labile characteristic that can vary between seasons, environments and years. It is essential to understand this link because there is great potential for the use of trappability as a proxy for personality. For example, if trappability reflects personality, this would allow researchers to extract personality data from long-term capture–mark–recapture data sets. To clarify this relationship, we designed a large-scale field experiment to measure personality and trappability in five small mammal species and across four distinct forest types. With an open field test, we quantified behaviour in 189 deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, 170 southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, 42 American red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, 58 woodland jumping mice, Napaeozapus insignis, and 87 northern short-tailed shrews, Blarina brevicauda. We identified personality in all five of our target species, and through mixed-effects modelling we found that personality traits did not predict different aspects of trappability. Furthermore, trappability was not a repeatable measure (i.e. animals that were trap happy in one session were not necessarily trap happy throughout the trapping season). Our results suggest that trappability cannot be used as a proxy for personality.

Role of personality traits in reporting the development of adverse drug reactions: a prospective cohort study of the Estonian general population

ObjectiveTo examine the role of the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits in reporting the development of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when controlling for sociodemographic variables and health status.DesignProspective cohort...

Psychological Heterogeneity Among Honors College Students

Greater knowledge of the psychology of honors college students will help to inform program administrators, counselors, residence life assistants, and faculty about how they may provide support to those with the greatest need. Via an online survey, personality, perfectionism, and suicidal ideation data were collected from honors college students ( N = 410, 73% female). Using latent profile analysis, students were classified by their responses to the Big Five Inventory personality measure into five profiles. Risk factors of high perfectionism and suicidal ideation scores were found in two of the profiles, suggesting students with these personality characteristics may need enhanced psychological support. The largest profile (35% of students) had extraversion scores above the norm, but all other profiles had introverted scores below the norm. Neuroticism scores were also higher than the norm in the introverted profiles, which represented a majority of the honors college students.