Personality Characteristics Of Adolescents Research Articles

Эскапизм и видеоигровая аддикция у подростков

<p>The article analyzes the problem of the formation of video game addiction in adolescents with a tendency to escapism. Escapism is considered as a predictor of video game addiction in adolescents in the information society, the motivation to escape from the fear of a trivial life and everyday difficulties in the virtual worlds of cyberspace. The study involved students of the Agricultural College of the city of Tula from 16 to 18 years old in the amount of 98 people. The purpose of the article is to provide a psychological and pedagogical analysis of the personality characteristics of adolescents that influence the formation of an addictive behavior model in relation to computer games. To achieve the goal of the study, the following psychological tools were used: the Thomas A. Tucker test (adapted by I.A. Konygina), the General Scale for Problematic Internet Use-3 (GPIUS-3) (A.A. Gerasimov, A.B. Kholmogorova), test "Scale for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety" Ch.D. Spielberg (adapted by Yu.L. Khanin), a questionnaire to identify the approximate time spent by teenagers on video game content, the test "Methodology for measuring the level of escapism" (T.N. Savchenko, O.I. Teslavskaya, E.V. Belovol, A.A. Kardapoltseva). The conducted study allows us to conclude that the parameter "escapism" is significantly correlated with the parameters "anxiety", "the degree of formation of a video game addict", as well as the time spent by a teenager on gaming content. There is a significant correlation of escapism with the parameter "negative consequences" from a computer game. It is worth noting the absence of a significant correlation between “flight” and “preference for online communication”. The results of the study are considered by the authors in the context of solving the problems of preventive work with adolescents implementing an escapist strategy of behavior, preventing the development of video game addiction. The obtained empirical data confirm the expediency of taking into account the personality characteristics of adolescents in the psychological and pedagogical prevention of video game addiction in adolescents</p>

Волевая саморегуляция и ее развитие у школьников с повышенным уровнем тревожности в ситуации профессионального выбора

The research goal is to study the development of volitional self-regulation among schoolchildren with an increased level of anxiety at the stage of career choice. In research, we use Questionnaire for collecting and summarizing information about students' professional choice, Phillips’ School Anxiety Scale, V.I. Morosanova's self-regulation behavior style questionnaire, Methodology for diagnosing the type of school motivation in high school students. The purpose of the research is to study school anxiety in modern adolescents at the stage of professional self-determination, features of volitional self-regulation and its development as a result of a cycle of classes with schoolchildren of 9th and 11th grades. The object of the research is the personality characteristics of adolescents, namely general anxiety, motivation, volitional self-regulation. The subject of the research is anxiety, motivation and volitional self-regulation of adolescents at the stage of professional choice before and after the Program for the development of volitional self-regulation and the basics of professional self-determination. The Program allowed to reduce the indicators of general anxiety among senior students and to increase the indicators of the general level of self-regulation to a high level in most senior students, as well as to reduce the number of senior students who have not decided on a career choice. In the future, it is planned to finalize and test the Program in the student environment, as the issue of career choice remains relevant among students.

Assertiveness as a coping strategy and personal characteristic in adolescence

The assertiveness in the structure of coping strategies and in relation to personality characteristics in adolescence is studied. Topicality of the study is determined by the fact that the specifics of assertiveness of adolescents are not sufficiently studied, while it is that quality, which is important for the person’s ability to the further successful entry into modern society. In this regard, the goal was set to identify the place of assertive behaviour in the repertoire of coping strategies and to find the connections of assertiveness with personality traits in the adolescence period of life. The sample consisted of 201 schoolchildren aged 11 to 18 (M = 14.5), among which there were 98 boys and 103 girls. Methods used included: the Assertiveness Test after V.C. Sanchez & P.M. Lewinsohn, the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale (SACS) after Stevan E. Hobfoll (Russian adaptation by Nataliya Vodop'yanova), Raymond Bernard Cattell’s multy-factor personality questionnaire (16PF), and questionnaire ‘Components of Self-attitude’ (by Sergey Pantileyev). The research revealed that coping strategies “assertive actions” and “avoidance” are the opposite tendencies of behaviour. Those adolescents who choose an assertive strategy are distinguished by positive self-attitude, emotional stability, and dominance. They are characterised by self-confidence and assurance in their ability to act competently and effectively overcome stressful situations. In contrast, the choice of avoidance is associated with such personal characteristics as negative self-attitude, emotional instability, anxiety, shyness and low self-control. Adolescents with high assertiveness are more variable in the use of coping strategies, however the differentiation of assertive and demonstratively dominant actions is still insufficient in adolescent period of human life. Thus, personal assertiveness is just beginning to form in adolescence.

Investigation and Analysis of Personality Characteristics of Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder

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The eating attitudes, sleep and personality characteristics, and effects of on acne severity in adolescents with acne vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a very common dermatological problem during adolescence. It is reported that it has a multifactorial etiology and nutritional attitudes, insufficient and poor-quality sleep may cause increased severity of AV. Aim: We aimed to investigate the sleep, eating attitudes and personality traits, and their effects on acne severity in adolescents with acne. Methods: The study sample was formed of 37 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years who presented at the University Dermatology Clinic and were diagnosed with AV and 37 adolescents without AV-matched age and gender. Eating attitude test, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) Personality Inventory Child Form, and child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders were applied to in both groups. The AV severity assessed by using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS). Psychiatric diagnosis was excluded with clinical interview according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children: Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Results: The mean age of adolescents with and without AV was 15.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7), 15.4 (SD = 1.8), respectively. The mean disease duration of adolescents with AV was 20.4 (SD = 15.2) months, and the mean GAGS score was 23.24 (SD = 9.4). It was determined that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics of adolescents were similar in both groups. Eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics had no direct effect on acne severity. Conclusion: Although this study demonstrates that eating attitudes, sleep, and personality characteristics were similar in adolescents with and without AV and these variables had no effect on acne severity, these results may have been obtained because of the severity scores of adolescents with AV were “moderate.” There is a need for researches examining these variables in adolescents with “severe” AV.

The relationship between maladaptive personality functioning and problematic technology use in adolescence: A cluster analysis approach.

In the last two decades, scientific research has explored the problematic use of internet, videogames and mobile phones. However, there is still little consistent knowledge regarding the co-occurrence of problematic technology use and the role of maladaptive personality characteristics in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate adolescents' styles of technology use with a cluster analysis approach focusing on personality functioning. The sample comprised 408 Italian adolescents (46.3% males) aged 11 to 18years (M age =13.80; SD=2.08). Data were collected using the Internet Addiction Test, the Videogame Dependency Scale, the Test of Mobile-Phone Dependence Brief Form and the Personality Inventory for DSM5 Brief Form. Results provided a four-cluster solution based on the co-occurrence of problematic technology use. The four clusters were labeled as follows: cluster 1: "Above average internet and mobile-phone use"; cluster 2: "Below average technology use"; cluster 3: "Above average videogame use"; and cluster 4: "Problematic technology use." Analyses on demographic variables (e.g., gender and age) demonstrated significant differences between the four groups. Adolescents with high levels of problematic technology use reported greater overall personality dysfunction than the other three groups. This finding supported our hypothesis on maladaptive personality functioning in adolescents at risk for addiction. Finally, the Antagonism domain played a specific role in differentiating the severity of adolescents' involvement in technology use. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to plan preventive interventions as well as therapeutic treatments.

Adolescent Personality Risk Factors for Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Misuse in Adult Men

Background: Social identity theory proposes that people define themselves in terms of the social groups they belong to or aspire to belong to. Tobacco smoking and alcohol use in men have been hypothesized to be symbolic of adult male status. The current study examines whether adolescent personality characteristics linked to masculinity and nonconformity are associated with tobacco smoking and alcohol misuse in men. Methods: The analysis is based on the results of a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 on a stratified, random sample of 703 adult male residents of Warsaw, Poland, with elementary- and secondary-school education. All survey data were collected through a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. A path model is employed to examine the direct and indirect effects of adolescent characteristics on tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Results: According to the path model, retrospective perceptions of self-reported character strength, rebellion against unjustified prohibitions and rules, ease in making decisions, willingness to differ from others, and interest in the opposite gender in adolescence had a significant direct effect on tobacco smoking in adolescence and a significant indirect effect on tobacco smoking in adulthood. The variables representing character strength, rebellion against unjustified prohibitions and rules, ease in making decisions, and interest in the opposite gender in adolescence also showed a significant direct effect on alcohol use in adolescence. Conclusion: Masculinity and nonconformity were related to addictive behaviors in men, which might have health policy implications. In this paper, associating traditional masculinity with health orientation in society is proposed as a possible preventive intervention.

Особенности идентичности подростков из семей разведенных родителей

The article presents the results of a study on identity features in adolescents whose parents were divorced in correlation with the time and duration of the parents’ divorce. According to psychological investigations, in adolescence the formative influence of the family significantly affects the adolescent’s self-consciousness. Positive intra-family relationships, moral values and family norms lay the foundation for the adolescent’s attitude to one’s self as a social subject; they have a direct impact on the adolescent’s awareness of identity, self-confidence and self-esteem. Divorce is a difficult life situation for a teenager that alters the inner picture of one’s self-consciousness. The authors hypothesise that there are differences in the personality characteristics of adolescents from complete families and from the homes where the parents are divorced. The study was conducted at the Petrozavodsk Lyceum. We used the Kuhn McPartland Test as the method of identifying an individual’s characteristics. The study involved 111 adolescents aged 14 to 16 years (85 from complete families and 26 with divorced parents; among them 15 from families where 1 year had not yet passed after the divorce (“acute period”) and 11 from families where 2 years had passed after the divorce (“not acute period”). The results showed that adolescents from complete families when describing their self-image made the most prominent emphasis on their position in society and in adolescent communities indicating the normal course of personality development. Adolescents from incomplete families in the “acute period” were prone to reflexive analysis of themselves and their behaviour, and those in the “not acute period” placed greater emphasis on the active aspect of self, which may be interpreted as a coping strategy in a difficult life situation.

PECULIARITY PERSONALITY OF ADOLESTENTS WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY

Relevance. Recent changes in lifestyle and diet have led to a significant increase of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. According to the results of our previous studies, it was found that among adolescents with overweight/obesity, essential hypertension is 1,5-7,5 times more common than among peers. It is known that children and adolescents with obesity are inherent in emotional instability and impulsivity.
 Objective of this work was to study the personality characteristics of adolescents with essential hypertension and overweight/obesity.
 Materials and methods. In the Kiev Children's Clinical Hospital No. 6, a comprehensive clinical and psychological study of 67 adolescents (18 girls, 49 boys) aged 12-17 years (average of 14,40±1,63 years) was carried out, who were hospitalized for essential hypertension. Overweight was found in 7 girls and 21 boys, obesity - in 2 girls and 8 boys. The remaining patients (9 girls and 20 boys) had normal body weight (comparative group). We evaluated the level of anxiety, alexithymia, depression, the type of attitude to the disease, and also determined the personality characteristics of the patients.
 Results. Adolescents with essential hypertension and overweight/obesity on average differed significantly higher pulse daily blood pressure (61,98±8,13 mmHg versus 57,02±6,70; P<0,005), lower values of anxiety scales (5,11±4,77 points versus 9,62±7,72 points; P<0,01), hypochondria (5,70±5,20 points versus 9,00±5,20 points; P<0,05), neurasthenia (7,19±7,49 points versus 11,14±7,90 points; P<0,05) and egocentrism (5,70±4,44 points versus 8,57±5,08 points; P<0,05) related to TOBOL test. According to the personality test R.-B. Kettell in adolescents with overweight/obesity was on average higher level Q2 scale (6,72±2,14 points versus 4,91±2,63 points; P<0,05).
 Conclusion. Adolescents with essential hypertension and overweight, obesity, in contrast to patients with normal body weight, are less neurotic by the disease, but they are characterized by non-conformity.

Clinical and personality characteristics of adolescents with anorexia nervosa with or without non-suicidal self-injurious behavior

PurposeAbout one-fifth of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study examined clinical and temperament profile of female adolescents with both disorders (AN+NSSI) as compared with peers with AN only. MethodsA consecutive sample of 73 female adolescents with AN (mean age: 13.77 years), who had been admitted to inpatient or day-hospital services, received clinical, cognitive, and temperament/character evaluations. Of them, 32 met DSM-5 criteria also for NSSI. Assessments included demographics, standard nutrition parameters, Youth Self-Report (YSR), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC-IV), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). ResultsNo differences were detected between AN+NSSI and AN in demographics, body mass index, or age at onset of AN. AN+NSSI had higher rate of binging and purging, higher YSR scores for both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, lower total IQ, and lower Self-directedness and Cooperativeness scores. ConclusionsThese data suggest that adolescents with AN+NSSI have psychopathological, cognitive and overall character features that differ from patients with AN only. These characteristics may have implications for treatment and outcome.

Personality characteristics of a sample of violent adolescents against their partners

BackgroundThe study of intimate partner violence has historically focused on violence perpetrated on females by males, but recent research suggests that, at least in teenage couples, the difference between genders is decreasing or even reversing. The objective of this study is to analyze the personality characteristics of adolescents who are violent with their partners. The sample consisted of 430 subjects (229 girls and 201 boys), between 14 and 19 years (M = 16.18, SD = 1.81), middle or high school students, which completed the Personality Assessment Inventory-Adolescents and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory.ResultsThe results show that girls have higher personality scores on the scales that show problems of internal behavior (depression and anxiety), while boys show higher scores on the scales of external behavior problems (antisocial behavior and drug use). Through a regression analysis, the results show predictive weights in the aggression traits (β = .331, p < .001), antisocial characteristics (β = .202, p < .001), and mania (β = .185, p < .05), as the scores on the scale of violence perpetrated increase in girls. For boys, personality variables do not seem to have such a decisive weight to explain the violence committed, since only heat and alcohol problems represent 5.4% of the variance found. These differences between boys and girls should be analyzed in future studies and, if the findings are maintained, taken into account when developing programs to prevent gender-based violence in adolescents.ConclusionsThe results of this study show how the personality characteristics have a differential weight in the explanation of the teen dating aggression according to the gender of the aggressors, with a greater relevance in the prediction of the aggressive behaviors committed by the girls.

Evaluating the Dimensional Personality Model Characteristics of Female Adolescents with Depression

Given the lack of studies focusing on this topic, we aimed to evaluate the dimensional personality characteristics of adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder based on the DSM-5 and to determine the relationship between pathological personality traits and psychopathology. This study was done in Turkish population and data of 70 female patients ranging in age between 11 and 18, who were admitted to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic with depressive symptoms, was analyzed. We cross-sectionally analyzed DSM-5 Personality Inventory Child Form-Short Version (PID-5-CSV) dimensional scores and the correlation between PID-5-CSV and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores, and compared the PID-5-CSV features between depression severity groups that were formed based on the BDI cut-off ranks. A positive correlation was found between depression severity and total scores of the PID-5-CSV, indicating an increased risk of personality psychopathology. Some of the dimension scores were also positively correlated with BDI scores, putting these patients at risk for specific personality disorders (PD), especially Borderline PD. Significantly lower Antagonism dimension scores were found, which has not been reported in the literature before; this may indicate a possible risk factor for Avoidant PD. Results from this study may suggest that the PID-5-CSV is an effective way to assess personality traits and implement dimensional personality characteristics into the psychiatric diagnosis and treatment process. Studies with control groups and mixed gender samples are needed for further clarification in this field.

Ergenin Beş Faktör Kişilik Özellikleri ile Sosyal Yetkinlik, Bilişsel Hatalar ve Anne Baba Beş Faktör Kişilik Özellikleri İlişkisi

The purpose of this study, to investigate the relationship between adolescent five personality traits with social self-efficacy, cognitive errors, cognitive flexibility and five personality of parents. Research on 331 adolescents and their mothers (331) and father (331), including 993 people participated. In the study, the Five Factor Personality Inventory, Social Self Efficacy Scale and Cognitive Errors Questionnaire was used. Adolescents answered Five Factor Personality Inventory, Social Self Efficacy Scale and, the Cognitive Errors Questionnaire. Mothers and fathers answered themselves the Five Factor Personality Inventory. According to the results extraversion, peacefulness, self-control and emotional instability of parents personality traits increases, these personality characteristics of adolescents are rising. When adolescent’ extraversion, peacefulness, self-control and openness levels increase, adolescents' social self-efficacy in the average scores increased, and it has been observed that when levels of emotional instability increased, a decrease in their average social self-efficacy score.

Формы психолого-педагогической работы по преодолению негативных факторов в профессиональном самоопределении подростков с девиантным поведением

The article examines the problem of professional orientation of students of adolescence with deviant behavior in secondary school. The author emphasizes the importance of understanding that without psycho-pedagogical assistance to professional orientation component development of "difficult" teenagers is very difficult and often even impossible. These difficulties caused by both objective reasons – the complexity of the process of professional selection in the current socio-economic situation and subjective age and personality characteristics of adolescents with deviant behavior. In this regard, the article describes the main factors affecting the formation of deviant adolescents the ability to professional self-determination, and proposes to the understanding and application of some form of psycho-pedagogical work on overcoming difficulties in professional self-determination of this category of students. The forms were tested in real teaching practice.

Personality characteristics of adolescents with substance use disorders

Objective: Personality characteristics are found to be related with substance use initiation, substance abuse, substance dependence and substance use continuance. The aim of this study is to investigate the personality characteristics of adolescents with alcohol/substance use disorder (ASUD). Methods: Sixty-nine adolescents with ASUD, aged between 16 and 18 were compared with 69 adolescents with similar sociodemographic properties and without ASUD. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used to assess personality traits. Results: Adolescents with SUD had higher scores for psychopathology, hypochondriasis, hysteria, depression, psychopathic deviation, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia and hypomania scales and lower score for defensiveness (K) scale when compared with the control group. Discussion: Adolescents with ASUD have insufficient defense mechanisms and negative personality characteristics. Personality characteristics of these adolescents should be considered in the treatment and follow up periods.

Ксенофобские установки и личностные особенности подростков с девиантным поведением

There are often racial, ethnic intolerance among adolescents, which, in our opinion, caused by the presence of xenophobic attitudes, some combination of personality structures and situational factors. We hypothesized that there is a specificity of the relationship of xenophobic attitudes and personality characteristics in the structure of the person of adolescents with deviating (including illegal) behavior and normative behavior. The study involved 254 female and a teenage male aged 14 - 18 years. The study used a questionnaire to identify the severity of xenophobic attitudes, as well as the methodology and questionnaires to identify the personality characteristics of adolescents and semantic constructs of personality. As a result, significant differences were found in the personal features (criterion U-Mann-Whitney test with p &lt;0,01) and semantic structures in adolescents with regulations and illegal behavior of offenders with a nationalist orientation and without it. The results can be used in the framework of the prevention of hate crimes among adolescents.

The characteristics of internet addiction adolescents and their families

The goal of the study was to identify specific personality characteristics of adolescents who have a problem with 'internet addiction', as well as the characteristics of their parents' personalities and of thefunctioning of their families. The sample consisted of 60 adolescents of both genders, agedbetween 15 and18. There were 30'internet addicts' belonging to the clinical group and 30 participants from the general population as the control group. Also, 120 parentswere examined; there were 30 parent couples of eachof the two groups of adolescents. The following measures were used in the research: Young's Internet Addiction Test -IAT, the Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory - BAPI, the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revisited -TCI-R (for the assessment of parental personality) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale -FACES IV.The results indicate that adolescents with internet addiction difficulties exhibit a high degree of impulsiveness, low persistence, and immaturity in the personality domains which regulate responsible, goal-directed and co-operative behaviour. The fathers of adolescents from the clinical group were highly ambitious and less available to their children, while their mothers were more impulsive and prone to change versus continuity, which means that they were also less accessible to their children, albeit in a different way than the fathers. All dimensions associated with the positive aspects of family functioning, such as Cohesiveness, Flexibility, Communication and Satisfaction were lower in the clinical group, while the dimension of Chaotic relations was higher. The results have shownthat the parents of adolescents from the clinical group have formed a specific kindof disengaged and distant parenting style that has resultedin avoiding behaviours of adolescents and their withdrawal into the 'virtual world'. These findings could have a significant role in understanding the originsof internet addiction, planning prevention programs and defining guidelines for effective therapeutic treatment.

The Effects of Psychological Counselling in Shaping Personality Traits and Behavioural Disorders Prevention of Institutionalized Adolescents

The aim of this study is to present a series of personality characteristics of adolescents in orphanages. The lot of investigation included 49 adolescents from Ovidiu placement center in Constanta, Romania that were investigated through NPQ Nonverbal personality test questionnaire. Research results revealed a number of features on sex-role behaviors that can predict a range of behavioral disorders which can be prevented.As well, we will present some specific counseling activities are that are carried out by social workers and psychologists in the center. These activities are designed to compensate emotional deficiencies and promote optimal social integration of these teenagers.

Comparisons of temperament and character between problematic internet users and problematic drug users in Korean adolescents

Objective: It has been suggested that some internet users spend so much time on the internet that their personal and/or professional lives suffer. This study compared the temperament and character of problematic internet users (PIU) with that of problematic drug users (PDU) among Korean adolescents and aimed to examine the personality characteristics of adolescents with internet use problems. Method: We enrolled participants from high schools (n = 487), internet cafés (n = 89), and an adolescent-substance abuse consultation office (n = 45). All subjects were assessed using the Korean Internet Addiction Scale (KIAS), the Korean Adolescent Drug Addiction Screening Test-2 (KOADAST-2), and the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (K-TCI). Subjects were classified into the following four groups based on the KIAS and KOADAST-2 results: normal controls, pure PIUs, pure PDUs, and dual problematic users. Differences in the subscale scores on the K-TCI were analyzed by group. Results: Scores for Reward dependence (RD) were significantly lower in pure PIUs than in pure PDUs (13.85 ± 4.07 versus 15.44 ± 3.56, p < 0.05). Scores for Self-Directedness (SD) were lower in pure PIUs (18.21 ± 6.90) and pure PDUs (18.22 ± 6.03) than in normal controls (20.88 ± 6.60), although the scores did not differ significantly between pure PIUs and pure PDUs. Scores for Cooperativeness (C) were lower in pure PIUs than in normal controls (23.97 ± 7.02 versus 26.57 ± 6.67, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that PIUs are more socially insensitive and that they may experience more inter-personal problems than PDUs.

An association study of polymorphisms of the genes involved in the dopaminergic (DRD2/ANKK1) and serotonergic (HTR2A) brain systems with personality characteristics of adolescents

The study into the personality characteristics of adolescents determined by genetic predispositions has recently become topical. In this work, we have analyzed the correlations of polymorphisms in the genes encoding dopamine (D2) and serotonin (2A) receptors with personality characteristics of 360 adolescents. A combined effect of the genes DRD2/ANKK1 and HTR2A on the rule-consciousness and self-reliance scores has been found in girls. In boys, statistically significant genotypic differences of TaqIA polymorphisms (DRD2/ANKK1 gene) have been observed for perfectionism scores as well as stratification of DRD2/ANKK1 and HTR2A genotypes has demonstrated the differences in social boldness scores.