Personality Belief Questionnaire Research Articles

Opracowanie i walidacja eksperymentalnej polskiej wersji skróconej Kwestionariusza Schematów Younga (YSQ-ES-PL) do badania wczesnych schematów dezadaptacyjnych

The Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) measures the intensity of early maladaptive schemas connected with symptoms of mental disorders, particularly personality disorders. We conducted a procedure of shortening the Polish version of the YSQ, analogous to the original one, and determined the psychometric properties of the instrument thus developed by performing a reliability and validity analysis (n = 1.073). In the second part of the study we tested the factor structure of the YSQ using confirmatory factor analysis in the sample from Study 1 and an independent group (n = 898). We reduced the number of items in the questionnaire from 232 to 90 – leaving five items in each of the 18 scales corresponding to specific schemas. We obtained adequate and high internal consistency coefficients for each subscale and for the whole instrument. The overall measure of schemas was positively associated with beliefs characteristic for all personality disorders measured by the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ). The intensity of the schemas (except the Self-Sacrifice scale) significantly differentiated participants from the clinical (n = 31) and nonclinical groups (n = 1,042). We also confirmed the theoretical factor structure of the instrument, although the weakness of some measures of fit suggests the need for further research. The obtained results support the use of the experimental short Polish version of the Young Schema Questionnaire as a measure of early maladaptive schemas.

Lokalizacja zaburzeń osobowości w Kołowym Modelu Metacech Osobowości

The aim of the paper was to characterize personality disorders in terms of the dimensions of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM) developed by Strus, Cieciuch, and Rowiński. It was expected that personality disorders characterized by the profiles of traits from the five-factor model of personality (FFM) would be located in the sector delimited by poles Gamma- and Delta- and including pole Alfa-. The author analyzed data collected in a sample of 2,284 subjects tested by means of the NEO-FFI and three other instruments: the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II), and the TALEIA-400A questionnaire (Test for AxiaL Evaluation and Interview for Clinical, Personnel, and Guidance Applications) for the assessment of personality disorders as well as compared them with the data from the meta-analysis by Saulsman and Page (2004) concerning the relations between personality disorders and FFM traits. The obtained correlations confirmed the research expectations. In Discussion, the author points out the heuristic value of the CPM for differentiating the norm from pathologies, which includes the differential diagnosis of personality disorders.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form (PID-5-SF): psychometric properties and association with big five traits and pathological beliefs in a Norwegian population.

BackgroundWith the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), an alternative model for personality disorders based on personality dysfunction and pathological personality traits was introduced. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a 220-item self-report inventory designed to assess the personality traits of this model. Recently, a short 100-item version of the PID-5 (PID-5-SF) has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the score reliability and structure of the Norwegian PID-5-SF. Further, criterion validity with the five factor model of personality (FFM) and pathological personality beliefs was examined.MethodsA derivation sample of university students (N = 503) completed the PID-5, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire – Short Form (PBQ-SF), whereas a replication sample of 127 students completed the PID-5-SF along with the aforementioned measures.ResultsThe short PID-5 showed overall good score reliability and structural validity. The associations with FFM traits and pathological personality beliefs were conceptually coherent and similar for the two forms of the PID-5.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the Norwegian PID-5 short form is a reliable and efficient measure of the trait criterion of the alternative model for personality disorders in DSM-5.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0169-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Estrutura fatorial do Questionário de Esquemas e Crenças da Personalidade

Factor structure of the Personality Schemas and Beliefs Questionnaire This study aimed to obtain validity evidence of the Personality Schemas and Beliefs Questionnaire (QECP) and to estimate the reliability of its scores. The QECP is a self-reported instrument developed to assess the cognitive profiles of personality disorders according to cognitive therapy theory. The sample of respondents was composed of 437 Brazilians with a mean age of 28.1 years (SD=8.57), 75.7% female and 88.3% university students. Parallel analysis was used as a criterion for the number of factors to extract in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA with Principal Axis Factoring and Promax rotation indicated a five factor solution. Reliability coefficients (Guttman's Lambda 2) of the five factors varied between .64 and .89. The correlations between the factors, corrected for attenuation, varied from .05 to .64. EFA of the factor scores indicated two second-order factors. The results indicated satisfactory evidence of construct validity and reliability of the QECP scores.

Опросник дисфункциональных убеждений при пограничном расстройстве личности (PBQ-BPD): адаптация для русскоязычной выборки

This study presents the results of the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ-BPD; Butler, Brown, Beck, & Grisham, 2002) adaptation in the Russian-speaking sample of 608 people. The initial three-factorial structure of PBQ-BPD in the sample of 543 Internet users is confirmed. It is shown that 14 items form three factors: relating respectively to distrust (reflects the belief connected with expectation of exploitation and treachery), dependency (it is shown in the belief connected with feeling of helplessness without continued support) and protection (belief that one should act preemptively to avoid threat). The PBQ-SF scales showed good reliability and correlated significantly with psychopathological manifestations on SCL-90-R scale. Internal coherence and split reliability of the scale were checked in the sample of 608 people, and made up 0,893 and 0,784 respectively. Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was established in group of 30 people and made up 0,754.

Psychometric properties and structural validity of the short version of the personality beliefs questionnaire (PBQ-SF)

The Personality Belief Questionnaire- Short Form (PBQ-SF) is an assessment instrument of personality beliefs based on the cognitive theory that states that these are characterized by a specific pattern of dysfunctional thoughts. The objective of this study was to establish the psychometric properties and structural validity of the PBQ-SF questionnaire in Colombian adults from 18 to 35 years old. To carry out the above and with permission of the author the validation process was initiated following a thorough and rigorous process that led to a final version of the PBQ-SF applied to 1423 persons born in Colombia and living in nine Colombian cities. Analysis of internal consistency among the items (Cronbach´s alpha), confirmatory factor analysis and calculus of goodness of fit estimators were performed. It was found that the Internal consistency of the domains varied from 0,65 for avoidant disorder up to 0,83 for paranoid disorder.

Características Psicométricas do Teste Pictórico de Perfis Cognitivos

Este estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas do Teste Pictórico dos Perfis Cognitivos (TPPC) através da consistência interna e da validade convergente do TPPC com a versão brasileira do Personality Belief Questionnaire – Short Form (PBQ-SF). O TPPC, assim como o PBQ-SF, foi elaborado como um instrumento clínico e de pesquisa, com nove subescalas, para avaliar perfis de personalidade. Uma amostra de 86 alunos universitários respondeu à versão brasileira do PBQ-SF e o do TPPC. Os resultados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios para as estimativas de confiabilidade (alpha de Cronbach) do teste TPPC (alpha = 0,93). De um modo geral, os achados demonstram a validade convergente para o TPPC, sugerindo que ele também seja um instrumento prático para avaliar perfis cognitivos de personalidade, assim como o PBQ-SF.

Psychometric Characteristics of the Pictorial Test of Cognitive Profiles

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pictorial Test of Cognitive Profiles (TPPC) through the internal consistency and convergent validity of the TPPC with the Brazilian version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire – Short Form (PBQ-SF). The TPPC as well as the PBQ-SF was designed as a clinical and research tool, with nine subscales, to assess personality profiles. A sample of 86 college students responded to the Brazilian version of the PBQ-SF and the TPPC. The results showed satisfactory levels for estimating the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the TPPC test (alpha = .93). Overall, the findings demonstrate the convergent validity for the TPPC, suggesting that it is also a practical tool to evaluate cognitive profiles of personality as well as the PBQ-SF.

Monetary delay discounting in gambling and cocaine dependence with personality comorbidities

BackgroundCocaine addiction and pathological gambling are commonly associated with steeper (impulsive) discounting of delayed rewards, which promotes ongoing drug and gambling behaviors. However, it is yet unclear whether impulsive delay discounting is a stable trait in cocaine and gambling disorders during abstinence, and whether it is significantly impacted by dysfunctional personality beliefs. MethodsThe aim of this study was to compare the delay discounting rates of four groups: 47 cocaine users with comorbid personality disorders, 41 cocaine users without psychiatric comorbidities, 28 pathological gamblers without psychiatric comorbidities, and 36 healthy comparison individuals. We also examined the association between dysfunctional personality beliefs and delay discounting rates. Participants completed the Kirby Delay Discounting Questionnaire and the Beck Personality Belief Questionnaire as part of a larger battery. ResultsWe used non-parametric tests to compare discounting rates between the groups, and bivariate correlation analyses to examine the association between beliefs and discounting rates within each of the groups. We found that discounting rates were significantly higher in individuals with disordered gambling compared to controls. Specifically in cocaine users with Cluster B personality disorders, higher discounting rates were associated with the intensity of “dependent” dysfunctional beliefs (e.g., “I am needy and weak”). ConclusionWe conclude that impulsive delay discounting is increased in gambling relative to controls and linked to personality beliefs in cocaine users with Cluster B personality disorders.

Psychometric characteristics of the Personality Belief Questionnaire – Short Form

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire – Short Form (PBQ-SF). A sample of 700 college students answered to the Brazilian version of the PBQ-SF. The results showed good estimates of reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the PBQ-SF scales, indicating a significant association between the beliefs of each of the scales. The results of factor analysis of the PBQ-SF were similar to its original version. Overall, the findings provide support for the existence of factorial validity for the Brazilian version of the PBQ-SF, suggesting that it is a practical tool for the measurement of dysfunctional beliefs related to personality disorders

Características psicométricas do questionário de crenças dos transtornos de personalidade – forma reduzida

Este estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Personality Belief Questionnaire – Short form (PBQ-SF). Uma amostra de 700 alunos universitários respondeu à versão brasileira do PBQ-SF. Os resultados apresentaram níveis satisfatórios para as estimativas de confiabilidade (alpha de Crom-bach) das escalas do PBQ-SF, apontando para uma significativa associação entre as crenças de cada uma das escalas. Os resultados da análise fatorial do PBQ-SF apresentaram um modelo muito aproximado de sua estrutura original, observando-se mais similaridades do que contradições entre eles. De um modo geral, os achados oferecem sustentação para a existência de validade fatorial para a versão brasileira do PBQ-SF, sugerindo que ele é um instrumento prático para a medida das crenças disfuncionais relacionadas aos trans-tornos da personalidade

Negative urgency, disinhibition and reduced temporal pole gray matter characterize the comorbidity of cocaine dependence and personality disorders

BackgroundIndividuals with cocaine dependence and co-occurring personality disorders are more likely to have increased impulsivity, dysfunctional beliefs, executive dysfunction and brain structural abnormalities by virtue of the conjoint impact of both pathologies. MethodsWe recruited 32 cocaine dependent patients with comorbid Cluster B personality disorders, 44 cocaine dependent patients without comorbidities and 34 non-drug-using controls. They completed the UPPS-P impulsivity scale, the Personality Belief Questionnaire, and executive function tests of working memory, attention/response inhibition and shifting. A subsample (n=61) was also scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We used univariate ANOVAs for group comparisons, and tested the association between impulsivity, executive control and personality dysfunction and diagnoses using correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses. ResultsCocaine dependent patients with personality disorders had elevated negative urgency and borderline beliefs, decreased inhibition and attention regulation, and reduced temporal pole gray matter with respect to the rest of the sample. Trait and cognitive measures correctly classified 73% of comorbid patients (60% sensitivity and 82% specificity). ConclusionThe co-occurrence of cocaine dependence and personality disorders is associated with negative-mood impulsivity and beliefs, executive dysfunction and temporal pole attrition.

Beliefs and personality disorders: an overview of the personality beliefs questionnaire

This article presents an overview of the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ)--a 126-item self-report measure of beliefs associated with 10 personality disorders. It consolidates the literature on the PBQ over the last 20 years to provide a summary of the psychometric status, revisions and applications of the PBQ scales. The PBQ scales are psychometrically reliable (α = 77-94, test-retest stability r=.57-.93) and discriminate between individuals with and without a specific personality disorder. Two revisions have been made to the measure: A 14-item subscale measuring beliefs central to borderline personality disorder has been identified, and a short form version of the PBQ has been validated. The PBQ has been used to measure cognitive mechanisms of treatment outcomes, and has been found to be sensitive to changes in beliefs. Given the proposed shift in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) to a dimensional conceptualization of psychological components of personality dysfunction, the PBQ is likely to remain relevant and useful for identifying such components in individuals with personality disorders.

Dysfunctional cognitions in personality pathology: the structure and validity of the Personality Belief Questionnaire

This study examines the structure of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality pathology, as proposed by the cognitive theory of personality dysfunction. The PBQ was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with responses from 438 depressed out-patients, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with responses from 683 treatment-seeking psychiatric out-patients. All participants were assessed for personality disorder (PD) using a standard clinical interview. The validity of the resulting factor structure was assessed in the combined sample (n=1121) by examining PBQ scores for patients with and without PD diagnoses. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses converged to indicate that the PBQ is best described by seven empirically identified factors: six assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with forms of personality pathology recognized in DSM-IV. Validity analyses revealed that those diagnosed with a PD evidenced a higher average score on all factors, relative to those without these disorders. Subsets of patients diagnosed with specific DSM-IV PDs scored higher, on average, on the factor associated with their respective diagnosis, relative to all other factors. The pattern of results has implications for the conceptualization of personality pathology. To our knowledge, no formal diagnostic or assessment system has yet systematically incorporated the role of dysfunctional beliefs into its description of personality pathology. The identification of dysfunctional beliefs may not only aid in case conceptualization but also may provide unique targets for psychological treatment. Recommendations for future personality pathology assessment systems are provided.

P01-60 - Irrational beliefs of patients with major depressive disorder

ObjectiveAccording to CBT theory, belief system has an important role in etiology of depression. Absolutistic, rigid and irrational beliefs might have influence on development and persistence of depressive psychopathology. The aim of our study was to examine characteristics of irrational beliefs in the cognitive scheme of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).MethodThe sample consisted of sixty inpatients diagnosed as MDD by using the ICD-X criteria. The assessment of irrational beliefs was carried out by Beck's Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ).ResultsOur findings have shown that irrational beliefs related to histrionic, schizoid and paranoid cognitive system were the most prevalent in patients with MDD. We also found significant and high correlation between opposite way of thinking - histrionic beliefs pattern correlated with avoidant and schizoid beliefs patterns. Also, dependent belief pattern was in a significant correlation with avoidant, schizoid and paranoid beliefs. In addition to rigidity, absolutistic and imperative cognitive schemes, we also found ambivalent cognitive tendencies. The existing ambivalence could be an important factor in the maintenance of depressive symptoms.ConclusionOur study has shown high prevalence of irrational beliefs in MDD patients. By recognizing the exact cognitive biases underlying depression, it might be possible to direct the therapeutic interventions more specifically and provide a highly personalized approach in the treatment of patients with MDD. We also believe that there is a need for a psychotherapeutic work on irrational beliefs during remission, which might prevent relapses.

Dysfunctional beliefs and antisocial personality disorder

Beck identified dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality disorders and these form the basis of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ). The PBQ has not yet been empirically examined in relation to antisocial personality disorder (ASPD); here, we examined the associations between PBQ antisocial beliefs and ASPD diagnosis, identified using the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). Adult male prisoners were grouped as ASPD only (n = 17), ASPD plus another personality disorder (n = 14), and no personality disorder (n = 18). Our hypotheses were: the ASPD only group would score higher on the PBQ antisocial scale than other scales; the ASPD only group would score higher on the PBQ antisocial scale than would those with no personality disorder; and the PBQ antisocial scale would best predict group membership. Men with ASPD only did not score highest on the PBQ antisocial scale, and, although they held more antisocial beliefs than men with no personality disorder, they also held significantly more dysfunctional beliefs on most other scales. Hence, antisocial beliefs are not a distinguishing feature. The PBQ antisocial scale did not discriminate groups, but the avoidant and paranoid scales did. The PBQ antisocial scale does not relate to antisocial personality disorder, although it may relate to primary psychopathy.

Dysfunctional Beliefs and Psychopathology in Borderline Personality Disorder

This study examined the factor structure of the Borderline Personality Disorder subscale of the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ-BPD; Butler, Brown, Beck, & Grisham, 2002), and the relationships between the emergent factors and psychopathology. The sample comprised 184 patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors relating respectively to dependency, distrust, and the belief that one should act preemptively to avoid threat. Although the three factors were significantly associated with depression, only dependency and distrust significantly correlated with hopelessness. Distrust was the sole factor that correlated significantly with suicide ideation. These findings support the dimensional structure of the PBQ-BPD. Given its multidimensional structure, the scale can be used as a measure of belief profiles associated with BPD and as an aid to conceptualizing beliefs underlying a range of psychopathology associated with patients with BPD.

Relationships between the personality beliefs questionnaire and self‐rated personality disorders

To examine relationships between specific dysfunctional beliefs and self-reported personality disorder types. Cross-sectional. One hundred and sixty-four clinical psychology out-patients completed the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) and Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory-III (MCMI-III): 155 completed both. Avoidant, dependent, passive-aggressive and schizoid PDs, and relevant PBQ subscales were studied. Presence or absence of PD was predicted by scores on the index PBQ subscale. This pattern has previously been reported for PDs diagnosed by structured interview only. PBQ relationships with passive-aggressive and schizoid PD have not previously been reported.

The Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form: Development and Preliminary Findings

Two studies are reported which document the development and psychometric properties of an abbreviated version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ). In the first study, the seven PBQ items with the highest item–total correlations with each PBQ scale were used to construct experimental scales. These scales showed good internal consistency and discriminated five personality disorders as predicted. Items from the experimental scales were then incorporated into a new measure—the PBQ Short Form (SF)—which was administered to an independent sample of psychiatric patients. The PBQ-SF scales showed good reliability and correlated significantly with depression, anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes, neuroticism, self-esteem, and psychosocial functioning. Findings suggest that the overall elevation of a PBQ-SF profile is influenced by a general distress factor, whereas variability of PBQ-SF scales within a profile reveals disorder-specific effects. It is concluded that the PBQ-SF is a practical alternative as a measure of personality disorder beliefs.

Dysfunctional beliefs discriminate personality disorders

This study examines whether specific sets of dysfunctional beliefs are differentially associated with five personality disorders (PDs) as predicted by cognitive theory. Seven hundred fifty-six psychiatric outpatients completed the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ) at intake and were assessed for PDs using a standardized clinical interview conducted by assessors who were blind to patients' PBQ responses. Findings showed that patients with avoidant, dependent, obsessive–compulsive, narcissistic, and paranoid PDs preferentially endorsed PBQ beliefs theoretically linked to their specific disorders. The study results support the cognitive theory of personality disorders. Suggestions are made regarding the clinical utility of the PBQ with personality-disordered patients and future research on the PBQ.