Personality Assessment Questionnaire Research Articles

Verification of five-factor models and reference scores for personality dysfunction and trait domains of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11), revised version.

A brief self-reported measure of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) (PAQ-11) was developed to evaluate ICD-11 personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the revised PAQ-11 version (PAQ-11R) with an additional item in the Dissociality domain and thresholds for the severity of personality dysfunction and domains. Study 1 examined the construct validity of the PAQ-11R in 192 university students in Korea. Study 2 estimated tentative reference scores of personality dysfunction and domains of the PAQ-11R in 91 patients in Korea. In study 1, the PAQ-11R had a five-factor structure and the revised Dissociality scale had better convergent and discriminant validities than the previous version. In study 2, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the PAQ-11R identified a threshold score of 35. Reference scores for domains were estimated as 15 for Negative Affectivity, 10 for Detachment, 8 for Anankastia, and 5 each for Disinhibition and Dissociality. These scores contribute to severity of personality disturbance but remain qualifiers only; they are not diagnostic. The results suggest that the PAQ-11R is useful as a quick assessment tool for identifying the domains of personality dysfunction in clinical practice in harmony with the ICD-11 guidelines.

Remembered Parental Rejection and Psychological Maladjustment in Turkish Adults: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity

This study examined interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory’s (IPARTheory’s) prediction that adults’ (both men’s and women’s) remembrances of parental (maternal and paternal) rejection in childhood are likely to be associated with adults’ psychological maladjustment, as mediated by adults’ interpersonal rejection sensitivity. To test these predictions a sample of 372 adults (178 women, 193 men; age range 18–59 and Sd: 11) in Turkiye participated in the study. Respondents completed the short forms of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for both mother and father, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (short form), the Interpersonal Rejection Sensitivity Scale, and the Personal Information Form. In line with this aim, this study examined the direct effect and indirect effect of adults’ memories of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood on adults’ psychological maladjustment through the mediator variable (rejection sensitivity) depending on age. The findings indicated that adults’ remembrances of paternal rejection during childhood independently predicted their interpersonal rejection sensitivity and psychological maladjustment. Mediation analyses revealed that rejection sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between parental rejection (both maternal and paternal) and psychological maladjustment in men. However, in women, while it partially mediated the relationship between paternal rejection and psychological maladjustment, it fully mediated the relationship between maternal rejection and psychological maladjustment. These findings offer evidence supporting the connections between childhood remembrances of parental rejection psychological maladjustment, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity in adults.

Reliability and validity of the Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11) scale and the Revised Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11R) in a Norwegian community sample.

In the ICD-11, a new model for the diagnosis of personality disorders is included, consisting of an assessment of the severity of personality impairment as well as an optional evaluation of pathological personality traits. This study aimed to examine the reliability, structural validity, and convergent and discriminant validity of the Norwegian versions of the Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11) scale for the assessment of personality disorder severity and the Revised Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11R) for the assessment of the ICD-11 pathological personality traits in a Norwegian community sample. The sample consisted of 295 participants (75.9% female) with a mean age of 30.0years (SD = 10.7years). The participants answered the PDS-ICD-11, PAQ-11R, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus Modified (PID5BF + M). The Norwegian PDS-ICD-11 showed good reliability. Support for a unidimensional model and a high convergent correlation with the LPFS-BF 2.0 was found. The reliability analysis of the Norwegian PAQ-11R scales yielded mixed findings with suboptimal reliability estimates for the PAQ-11R detachment, disinhibition, and dissociality scales. Analyzing the structure of the PAQ-11R items, four factors emerged (negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, and anankastia). The PAQ-11R scales showed good convergent and, overall, adequate discriminant validity with the PID5BF + M scales. The findings support the use of the PDS-ICD-11 for assessing severity in the ICD-11 PD model in Norway. The Norwegian PAQ-11R appears to be a useful screening tool for the ICD-11 PD trait domains.

Adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection in childhood and psychological (mal)adjustment predict forgiveness and vengeance

AbstractThis study investigated relations between emerging adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection during childhood and the adults' dispositions towards forgiveness and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. South Asian (Pakistani) participants, including 242 (25.6%) men (Mage = 21.69, SD = 2.34) and 704 (74.4%) women (Mage = 21.14, SD = 2.09), responded to the short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaires, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Vengeance Scale and a Personal Information Form. Results revealed that memories of both maternal and paternal rejection were correlated with current psychological maladjustment. Paternal rejection amongst women and maternal rejection amongst men predicted the disposition towards vengeance. Maternal acceptance amongst both men and women predicted the disposition towards forgiveness. Paternal acceptance, however, did not predict the disposition towards forgiveness amongst either men or women. Psychological adjustment amongst both men and women mediated relations between maternal and paternal acceptance and the disposition towards forgiveness. However, psychological maladjustment was a significant mediator of the relation between maternal and paternal rejection and the disposition towards vengeance amongst men and women. Implications of the findings and future directions of research are discussed.

Physical illness and multimorbidities in patients diagnosed with personality disorder

IntroductionPeople with personality disorder (PD) often experience suffering, suboptimal psychiatric treatment outcomes, and early mortality due to chronic physical illness (CPI) and multimorbidity (≥2 CPI) (CPM). Increasing research underscores the elevated prevalence of CPI and CPM in those with PD.ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of CPI/CPM between the general population and those with PD and to explore the relationship between CPI/CPM and various aspects of PD.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 126 PD patients (70.6% female, mean age 41.22 years) based on the ICD-10 criteria, and 126 socio-demographically matched individuals from the general population. The participants completed the following instruments: the ICD-11 Personality Disorder Severity Scale (PDS-ICD-11), the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11), Subjective Emptiness Scale (SES), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire-Revised-7 (RFQ-R-7), and self-reported chronic physical illnesses questionnaire.ResultsThe mean number of CPI in patients with PD and matched controls was 2.69 (SD=2.371) and 1.02 (SD=1.702), respectively, and this difference was statistically significant. Patients with PD also suffered more often from CPM than none or one CPI, compared to matched controls. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses among the patients with PD, higher personality disorder severity, increased trait Negative Affectivity and poorer reflective functioning/mentalizing were predictive of having CPM. These relationships were independent of age, gender, education status, income level, length of psychiatric treatment, and smoking status. Subjective emptiness was not significantly predictive of having CPM.ConclusionsThis study highlights a higher prevalence of CPI and CPM in individuals with PD compared to the general population. Factors such as higher PD severity, increased Negative Affectivity, and poorer reflective functioning were identified as predictors of CPM. These findings underscore the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches to address the multifaceted needs of PD patients, emphasizing the importance of considering both mental and physical health in treatment strategies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Examining the Regression Analysis of Teacher Acceptance on School Children's Self-Esteem

This paper aims to explore the perceived teacher's acceptance and its effects on the self-esteem of school children. The teacher's role is very important in the social, emotional, and academic achievement of children. The sample was collected from Hyderabad schools in January 2018. This study was performed on a total sample of 500 students. Sample was justified through A-priori sample size calculator. Respondents range in age range from 10 to 18 years (Mean = 13.49 years, SD = 1.33). Three questionnaires were employed to collect the data. Teacher acceptance-rejection TARQ (Rohner, Rohner, & Khaleque, 2005), Personality Assessment Questionnaire PAQ (Rohner et al., 2005) Urdu version were administered to participants and convenient sampling was used for data collection. Regression analysis survey has been used in the present study. The result of the regression analysis revealed that students who tended to perceive themselves to be accepted by their teacher reported high self-esteem. Hence it is clear that teacher acceptance is the significant predictor of student self-esteem. This finding is useful for teachers' preparation, and professional development as well as for the promotion of teacher acceptance.

Relations of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Psychological (Mal)Adjustment with Forgiveness and Vengeance among Bangladeshi Young Adults

The study investigated whether adults’ memories of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood predict their current levels of forgiveness and vengeance as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. The data were collected from 252 young adults (Women = 137, Men = 115, Age range = 18 – 22 years; Mage = 19.42; SD = 0.99). Measures used were the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) short form for fathers and mothers, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) short form for adults, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Vengeance Scale (VS-10), and the Personal Information Form. Mediation analysis indicated that memories of maternal and paternal rejection predicted vengeance as mediated by psychological maladjustment among both men and women. Further, women’s and men’s memories of parental (both maternal and paternal) acceptance predicted forgiveness as mediated by psychological adjustment.

Relations among Memories of Parental Acceptance-Rejection, Psychological (Mal)Adjustment, Forgiveness, and Vengeance among Iranian Adults

The study investigated relations among adults’ memories of parental acceptance-rejection in childhood and adults’ current dispositions toward forgiveness and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. Data were collected from 258 adults (female = 183, Age range = 17–47 years; M age = 39; SD = 11.4). Measures used were the short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires (PARQ), the short form of the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Vengeance Scale (VS-10), and a Personal Information Form (PIF). Results showed that maternal and paternal rejection was positively associated with psychological maladjustment and negatively correlated with forgiveness for both men and women. Moreover, psychological maladjustment showed a negative relation with forgiveness and a positive relation with vengeance. Findings revealed that parental (maternal and paternal) rejection was not significantly associated with vengeance for men. However, maternal (not paternal) rejection was significantly associated with a vengeance for women. Path analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of maternal and paternal rejection on forgiveness and vengeance through psychological maladjustment. Results found no significant gender differences in the path analyses. Findings are discussed considering the Iranian culture and religious beliefs. Implications of the results and future research directions are discussed.

Relations among Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Forgiveness and Vengeance: A Comparison between Pakistani Madrassa and Public School Students

This study investigated relations among adolescents’ perceptions of parental acceptance and rejection, psychological (mal)adjustment, forgiveness, and vengeance in the predominantly Muslim country of Pakistan. Participants included adolescent males (M age = 17, SD = 1.4, range = 15–19) from madrassas (educational institutions for Islamic instruction; n = 355) and public schools (n = 355). They responded to short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires (PARQ), the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Vengeance Scale (VS-10), and a Personal Information Form (PIF). Findings revealed that both the madrassa students and the public school students perceived their mothers (but not their fathers) to be warm and loving. The adolescents also reported fair psychological adjustment, and on average, were forgiving and non-vengeful. However, madrassa students reported perceiving their parents—especially their mothers—as more loving and accepting than did public school students. Additionally, madrassa students reported better psychological adjustment, a greater tendency to be forgiving, and a lesser tendency to be vengeful than did public school students. Maternal and paternal rejection were positively correlated with psychological maladjustment and vengeance, whereas maternal and paternal acceptance were associated with psychological adjustment and forgiveness among both groups of students. Psychological adjustment was a significant mediator of the relation between parental acceptance and the disposition toward forgiveness for both groups. Psychological maladjustment was not a significant mediator between paternal rejection and vengeance among madrassa students, but not public school students. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.

Impact of Parenting Practices and Family Functioning on Psychological Adjustment of Adolescents with ADHD: Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas

Aim: The main objective of this study was to measure the impact of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in parenting practices, family functioning and psychological adjustment of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study also explored gender differences on study variables and differences based on age group. 
 Methods: A cross-sectional research design, including a sample of 100 adolescents (Male=50, Female=50) was selected from different special education institutions, schools and colleges of government and private sector in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The age of the sample ranged from 12 to 20 years (M=14.73, SD=1.82). The data was collected using Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device, Young's Schema Questionnaire, and Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson Product Moment, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Hayes process macro for mediation analysis.
 Results: A simple mediation analysis confirmed the significant partial mediation. The indirect effect of healthy family functioning was found to be significant. The direct and indirect effect of positive dimensions of parenting practices was significant. The negative dimensions of parenting practices were also found to have significant direct and indirect effect on psychological adjustment. EMSs significantly partially mediated the relationship between parenting practices, family functioning and psychological adjustment.
 Conclusion: According to the results, it was concluded that parenting practices and family functioning significantly influence the psychological adjustment of adolescents with ADHD. In addition, the EMSs play a significant role in the psychological adjustment of adolescents with ADHD. Gender differences were found on subscale of inconsistent discipline in parenting practices and subscale of emotional instability in psychological adjustment. Similarly, on EMSs these differences were found on six subscales including emotional deprivation, emotional inhibition, defectiveness/shame, social inhibition, vulnerability to harm, and self-sacrifice of EMSs.
 Recommendations: The results suggest broader treatment strategies, considering the parents and family of adolescents with ADHD. The finding can also be incorporated with interactive session for children, parents and family members to develop understanding of the nature of problem, related complexities within families and sorting strategies for adolescents with ADHD. Furthermore, in educational set up these finding may help in training workshops for the teachers to improve the understanding of the needs of adolescents with ADHD.

Relations between Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Forgiveness/Vengeance as Mediated by Psychological Adjustment among Egyptian Adults

The study investigated relations among parental (maternal and paternal) acceptance-rejection and dispositions toward forgiveness and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. Data were collected using convenience sampling from 341 adults (87% females) ranging from 18 years to above 52 years old. Measures used were short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires (PARQ) to investigate recollections of parental acceptance-rejection, the short form of the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) to evaluate which participants were psychologically (mal)adjusted, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Vengeance Scale (VS-10) to investigate levels of forgiveness and vengeance respectively, and a Personal Information Form (PIF). The results indicated that participants perceived significant signs of paternal rejection and substantial maternal acceptance during childhood. Men and women self-reported fair psychological adjustment. Women reported having no disposition toward vengeance, whereas men slightly leaned toward vengeance. Participants were equally likely to be unforgiving as forgiving. Psychological adjustment mediated the relations between maternal acceptance (but not paternal acceptance) and forgiveness among men and women. Psychological maladjustment mediated the relations between maternal rejection and vengeance among women, but not men. Psychological maladjustment did not mediate relations between paternal rejection and vengeance. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.

Relations among Memories of Parental Acceptance-Rejection, Psychological (Mal)Adjustment, Forgiveness, and Vengeance among Turkish Adults

The study investigated relations among memories of parental (maternal and paternal) acceptance-rejection, forgiveness, and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. The sample consists of 323 Turkish adults (50% females; Age range: 18–61 years; Mage = 35.73, SD = 10.41) from Istanbul, Turkiye. Participants responded to mother and father versions of the adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (adult PARQ; short form), the adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (adult PAQ; short form), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Vengeance Scale, and the Personal Information Form. The results showed that both men and women remembered their parents as substantially warm and accepting during childhood and self-reported having fair psychological adjustment. Men and women were found to be equally likely to be forgiving as unforgiving and reported no dispositions toward vengeance. However, men reported higher levels of vengeance as compared to women. Psychological adjustment mediated the relations between parental acceptance and forgiveness, while psychological maladjustment mediated the relations between parental rejection and vengefulness for women and men. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.

The Role of Parental Acceptance/Rejection in the Development of Internet Addiction among Adolescence

The present study was aimed at investigation parents' acceptance or rejection in the development of internet addiction among young adolescence. It was a co-relational study; survey method was used for data collection. There were two hypotheses in the study. 1. Maternal and paternal rejection would be significant predictors of internet addiction among young adolescence.2. Male and female students would significantly differ on internet addiction. Sample of the study comprised of 844 young adolescence including 389 male students, and 455 female students. Participants of the study was collected from three universities of Jamshoro District. The age range of participants was between 16 to 28 years. For the measurement of variables Parental Rejection and Internet Addiction three valid and reliable tools were administered on the sample of the study: 1. Parental acceptance / Rejection questionnaire. First, Internet addiction tests; second, Adult PARQ and control: Mother and Father, Personality Assessment Questionnaire; and third Questionnaire about the demographical variables of the respondents. Results of Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicate that both maternal and paternal rejection are strong predictors of internet addiction F (1, 842) = 32.62, p = < .001, and paternal rejection predicts internet addiction more strongly than maternal rejection. t (1,841.90) = 4.72, p = < .001, with a small effect size of r = .16. Over all the study indicates a string role of parental rejection in the development of internet addiction among young adolescence.

Workplace Bullying and Victimization: A Mixed Method Approach

Purpose: The main scope of the survey was to examine how school bullying and victimization experiences affect workplace bullying and victimization, as also the role of the personality traits and workplace environment to this relation. It also aimed to investigate the consequences on mental health of employees who are targets of workplace victimization, as well as the reaction mechanisms of employees against bullying.
 Method: 302 employees from four private companies in Cyprus completed the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, Five Factor Personality Inventory Questionnaire, Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire, Post-traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating, Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised, and a list of coping skills, in one-time phase.
 Results: Based on the results, school victimization experiences and neuroticism, influenced the occurrence of workplace victimization, as also workplace climate affected the above relationship. Workplace climate, workplace victimization and neuroticism, found to be related with the development of Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder. In addition, neuroticism and workplace victimization mediated by employees’ coping skills.

Father Involvement and Psychological Adjustment in Pakistani Adolescents: Family Environment as a Mediator

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the role of perceived father involvement in the psychological adjustment of adolescents through its influence on the family environment in Pakistan. Data was obtained from 500 adolescents (50.6% boys; 49.4% girls) of 14–18 years of age (M = 15.29, SD = 1.08) from randomly selected separate boys and girls schools (5 each). Father involvement was assessed with Father Involvement Scale and Nurturant Fathering Scale. The family environment and psychological adjustment were gauged with Self-Report Family Inventory and Child Personality Assessment Questionnaire, respectively. Results from SEM revealed the mediating role of family environment between father involvement and psychological adjustment. Father involvement is recommended for a positive impact on the family environment for better psychological adjustment of adolescents.

Pattern of smartphone use, prevalence and correlates of problematic use of smartphone and social media among school going adolescents.

Adolescents are likely to quickly adopt newer technologies and face detrimental effects of the same. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone and social media use among school-going adolescents. Cross-sectional study was conducted amongst class 8-10 students. Data were collected using an anonymous survey in English which included (a) sociodemographic information, (b) pattern of smartphone use and smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), and (c) pattern of social media use and social media disorder (SMD) scale. Educative session on responsible smartphone use was followed by post-session data collection which included patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2), generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD-2), hyperactivity subscale of strength and difficulty questionnaire (SDQ), and conscientiousness and emotional stability subscales of ten-item personality inventory questionnaire (TIPI) and post-session feedback. Three hundred and twenty out of 325 responses were analyzed (180 male and 140 female). About 8% (n = 27) used smartphone for more than four hours. Prevalence of problematic smartphone use was 12.5% and problematic social media use was 11.9%. Problematic smartphone use was associated with duration of smartphone use per day and problematic social media use, which was in turn found to be associated with Facebook use and frequency of Instagram posts. About 80.6% (n = 256) participants agreed that such sessions should be conducted in schools. One in ten school going adolescents are likely to be having problematic smartphone and social media use. Awareness sessions in schools about responsible mobile phone use may be an acceptable strategy.

Examining the construct validity of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11) personality trait domains in a community sample.

The ICD-11 has a new diagnostic system for personality disorder, which includes five optional trait specifiers to characterize the diagnosed pathology. The current study evaluated the internal structure and construct validity of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire for ICD-11 (PAQ-11) personality trait domains in a US population-representative community sample. An exploratory factor analysis revealed the support for a four-factor model underlying the 17 PAQ-11 items, reflecting four of the five ICD-11 trait domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Disinhibition and Anankastia). Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the PAQ-11 domain scale scores were associated, as expected, with their counterparts from two other ICD-11 trait domain measures, as well as with traditional personality disorder scores. More broadly, the results raised questions about the structural integrity of the Dissociality domain scale, and the discriminant validity of the Disinhibition and Anankastia scales. The overall conclusion was nevertheless promising with respect to the PAQ-11 serving as a brief screening measure for the ICD-11 trait domains.

The Anxiety Level between Extrovert and Introvert Students in Speaking English

Students’ performance in speaking English can be influenced by students’ anxiety. This research aimed to find out the difference of anxiety level between extrovert and introvert students in speaking performance. This research was conducted at one of senior high schools in Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia by using cluster random sampling technique. The method of the research was not experimental but causal-comparative research. There were two types of questionnaires used to collect the data. The Eysenck Personality Inventory questionnaire was used to classify the extrovert and introvert students, while to find out the speaking anxiety level between extrovert and introvert students, the questionnaire of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS was used.. By using product moment formula through SPSS 2.4 in analyzing the data, it was found that the sig.t was 0,000, smaller than the sigma alpha of 0,05 (sig.t <0,05). It means that there is a significant difference of speaking anxiety level between extrovert and introvert students. The percentage score of anxiety level in speaking performance of extrovert students was 106%%. It was categorized as "Low" level. The percentage score of anxiety level in speaking performance of introvert students was 122%. It was categorized as "Medium" level.

Translation & Validation of Deception as Conflict Management Technique Scale in Urdu

The study endeavors Urdu translation and validation of Deception as a Conflict Management Technique Scale (DCMTS). A total of 545 respondents were engaged for the two phased study through convenience sampling. Phase 1 involved forward and backward translation of DCMTS, Phase 2 established its psychometric properties. The reliability & validity of the scale was established using test-retest method & between language validity (English and Urdu versions) of DCMTS, in addition to convergent & discriminant validity with selected sub-scales of Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Urdu adult version). EFA shown factor structure with five principal dimensions; besides confirmatory factor analysis, GFI confirmed good fit of model to data with good values appearing for internal consistency. The findings authenticate that DCMTS is an easy-to-use tool & can be used by counselors and HR professionals to determine the possibility of use of deception. The DCMTS Urdu version will be helpful in clear understanding of the construct regarding the items for Urdu populaces. Keywords: Deception, Urdu translation, reliability and validity, factor analysis

Social Skills as Predictors of Cognitive Failure, Attention Deficits and Psychological Maladjustment in School Children

Poor social skills are linked with presence of cognitive and attention difficulties as well as poor social functioning and presence of cognition disturbances. Present research aimed to explore poor social skills as predictors of cognitive failure, attention deficits and psychological maladjustment in school children. Sampleincluded 200 students (100 girls & 100 boys) of class 4 & 5 with the meanage= 10.12(SD= 1.37).Social Skills Rating System, The Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, Attention Deficits Questionnaire (child version) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire were used to assess social skills, cognitive failure, attention deficits and psychological adjustment respectively.Results revealed significant inverse correlation of different social skills i.e., assertion, empathy, cooperation and self-control with cognitive failure, attention deficits and psychological maladjustment (p<0.01) Whereas cognitive failure, attention deficits had positive correlation with psychological maladjustment (p<0.01). Hierarchical regression analyses showed social skills deficits emerged as significant predictors of cognitive failures, attention deficits and psychological maladjustment in school children.