Personalistic Approach Research Articles

Personalistic Moral Education in Catechesis

Personalistic moral education in catechesis primarily involves accompanying human being in his development, which should aim at the fullness of humanity and self-empowerment as the human person. Personalistic moral formation is based on the human person and his inalienable and irreducible dignity. Catechesis, conveying the moral message, does not teach one of many theories of human good conduct, but explains the truth about the human being as a person, his inalienable dignity. The teaching of morality is, therefore, no savoir-vivre, but is ontic in character, i.e. involves personal creativity and leads the human person to perfection and sanctity. A personalistic approach to moral education requires that the human being should not only be the executor of the Divine law, but a co-host, invited to seek the truth. Hence in the personalistic approach, moral formation is not a technique of influencing the person and does not require respect of norms and obligations. Nor does it concentrate on the deification of the law and legality or involve moralising, but is based on the meeting and communion of the human person with Jesus Christ and on the following and imitation of His Person. The entire process of moral education is to benefit the person and help her to be more herself, to assure her dignity through moving from the humanity of nature to the humanity of the person .

The personalistic approach as a bridge

The personalistic approach as a bridge

"In our own words": Defining medical professionalism from a Latin American perspective.

Latin America has experienced a tremendous growth in a number of medical schools, and there are concerns about their quality of training in critical areas such as professionalism. Medical professionalism is a cultural construct. The aim of the study was to compare published definitions of medical professionalism from Latin American and non-Latin American regions and to design an original and culturally sound definition. A mixed methods approach was used with three phases. First, a systematic search and thematic analysis of the literature were conducted. Second, a Delphi methodology was used to design a local definition of medical professionalism. Third, we used a qualitative approach that combined focus groups and personal interviews with students and deans from four medical schools in Chile to understand various aspects of professionalism education. The data were analyzed using NVivo software. A total of 115 nonrepeated articles were identified in the three databases searched. No original definitions of medical professionalism from Latin America were found. Twenty-six articles met at least one of the three decisional criteria defined and were fully reviewed. Three theoretical perspectives were identified: contractualism, personalism, and deontology. Attributes of medical professionalism were classified in five dimensions: personal, interpersonal, societal, formative, and practical. Participants of the Delphi panel, focus groups, and personal interviews included 36 medical students, 12 faculties, and four deans. They took a personalistic approach to design an original definition of medical professionalism and highlighted the relevance of respecting life, human dignity, and the virtue of prudence in medical practice. Students and scholars differed on the value given to empathy and compassion. This study provides an original and culturally sound definition of medical professionalism that could be useful in Latin American medical schools. The methodology used in the study could be applied in other regions as a basis to develop culturally appropriate definitions of medical professionalism.

Wychowanie do przebaczenia

Forgiving is one of the most difficult psycho-spiritual human processes and forgiveness – one of the existentially most important decisions and a condition for a healthy development. Social sciences, as well as philosophy, provide justification for that. Therefore, the education for forgiving is of great importance. It could be regarded as a lifelong predisposition to forgive, a positive attitude and skills associated with such behaviour. The author proposes, however, a broader approach. It is believed that forgiving is a process, which puts all participants in the specific situation – the situation of forgiving. This situation arises around forgiveness as a value. The author chooses a personalistic approach when speaking about a man. In light of this approach the discussed situation is deeply personal, determined in its course by anti-personal or personal relationships. It is assumed that the true forgiveness requires acceptance of personal attitudes by all those involved in this situation. The difficulties associated with it can be reduced through education for forgiving. It includes, as a basis, the education for personal values – among them – for forgiveness and the situation of forgiving. The most important educational path has a form of a contact with specific examples of the implementation of these values and most of all – a direct experience of their implementation by others in one’s own life. Christian education is of particular importance to the education for forgiving. On the one hand it shows the reasons for forgiving – God’s unconditional love and endless willingness to forgive the others. On the other hand, it gives and explains the ways of building the attitude of forgiving in oneself and others; it supports efforts in this sphere of life.

„Quae est iustitia nisi misericordia?” – czyli o przejawach miłosierdzia w prawie kanonicznym i polskim dotyczącym małżeństwa

Prawo stoi na straży godności ludzkiej, gdy kieruje się zasadą miłosierdzia. Właściwe zrozumienie tej zasady prowadzi do wprowadzenia norm, które chronią dobro małżeństwa i rodziny. Miłosierdzie w prawie nie jest ani pobłażliwością, ani „tanią łaską”. Kodeks prawa kanonicznego jest w tym aspekcie zbieżny z poglądami Dietricha Bonhoeffera. Zasady epikii i słuszności kanonicznej to podłoże kodyfikacji separacji i stwierdzenia nieważności małżeństwa, opartych na personalistycznym podejściu do relacji międzyludzkich. Godność człowieka staje się wykładnią prawa kanonicznego, stawiając przed nim konkretne wymagania stanowiące o małżeństwie. Prawo cywilne poprzez separację daje małżonkom szansę na odbudowanie zniszczonych więzi. Zarówno wprowadzenie obowiązku separacji cywilnej, jak i reforma komunikacji w instytucjach kościelnych to postulaty właściwej inkorporacji miłosierdzia do prawa stanowionego.

I. KARIMOV’S ROLE IN CENTRAL ASIAN SECURITY SUPPORTING

The article is devoted to the place and role of the first President of Uzbekistan I. Karimov in the system of Central Asian security. Central Asia is an unstable region with political conflicts and activity of Islamic extremists. The leading superpowers pay attention to the region. The diversity of problems in the region requires the participation of each regional actor in strengthening Central Asian security. The attention is focused on the personal factor in the political system of Uzbekistan. The personalistic approach to the analysis of political system of Uzbekistan proves Karimov’s substantial role in regional security issues. There are indicators such as the efforts to maintain the geopolitical balance in Central Asia, the strategy and tactics of the struggle against Islamic radicalism, a call for fair solution of water-energy and territorial issues. The events of 2005 in Andijan had tested the regime of Islam Karimov. Moreover it could have destabilized the whole region and changed the configuration of powers. Despite the warlike rhetoric of Islam Karimov the author comes to the conclusion that the first president of Uzbekistan played the constructive role in ensuring stability in the Central Asian region. Experts associated Karimov’s death with drastic regional changes due to lack of experience of the transit authority. The transit of power is taking place in a calm political atmosphere. The question remains about political strategy and tactics which will adhere to his successor in the solution of regional problems.

Niedostosowanie społeczne dzieci i młodzieży a potencjał socjalizacyjno-terapeutyczny środowiska szkolnego

The aim of this paper is to broaden the understanding of the process of shaping the social maladjustment from the systemic, relational and communication perspective and to discuss the various impacts of therapeutic methods on the prevention of the problem and coping with it when fully developed. Author presents important issues such as potential of family and education environment to create bonds and ties with children and adolescents, bonds-making behavior modelling and communication, the role of the teacher as the provider of socialization and personality patterns, therapeutic dialogue as special container for their internal conflicts and support for development of identity process. Author shows general meta-perspective on the social maladjustment prevention that takes into account personalistic approach perspective, attachment theory, positive motivation to change and axiological dimension of the children and adolescents bonds, ties and relationships with the social world. Also author shows general, practical model of therapeutic work in school environment that aims at prevention of social maladjustment.

Personhood: order and border of bioethics

Personhood is the focus of all ethical debates in biomedicine but there are two opposite approaches to the definition of personhood. In the reductionist perspective, the moral status of the person is attributed to the subject capable of a moral life or a “valuable life”; in the personalistic approach, all human beings are considered persons from the beginning of life to the time of natural death, which is all human beings are persons in ontological sense. Based on these premises, the article examines the application of bioethics of the person in practical medical dilemmas at the beginning and at the end of life. Starting from the main point that physical life is not something extrinsic to the person, rather it is the fundamental value of the person, the author concludes that there is a moral obligation to defend and promote the life and the health of all human beings in proportion to their needs.

The Italian Neurobioethics Study and Research Group: present and future of the neurosciences from a personalistic approach

The Italian Neurobioethics Study and Research Group: present and future of the neurosciences from a personalistic approach

Personalistic activating approach to poly linguistic education

Personalistic activating approach to poly linguistic education

Debata na temat koncepcji osoby w bioetyce

This article endeavours to sketch the debate about the concept of a person in the realm of bioethics. Initially, it sets out three understandings of the issue, namely the concept of a person in a naturalistic philosophy, in the current of communitarianism and in one of the humanistic positions. The analyses of these approaches lead to the conclusion that a human person is perceived either as an empirical and psychological entity or as a free subjectivity creating him/herself. This thesis is stimulation to further research. In order to avoid a kind of dualism in perception of the person stemming from the stances outlined above, the personalistic approach is developed. This points out, that a human being should be depicted as one indivisible entity unifying in itself more strictly self, a subjective aspect of the person, with nature-body aspect which is an objective facet of being human. Given this personalistic perspective, a person comes out as an embodied subjectivity formed by the unique personal act of existence. In this article, such a concept of the person is argued as a vital support in the complex field of bioethical dilemmas.

Symbol formation

Symbol formation is a term used to unify the view on the interdependencies in the research of the Hamburg University before 1933: the Philosophical Institute (William Stern, Ernst Cassirer), the Psychological Institute (Stern) with its laboratory (Heinz Werner) in cooperation with the later joining Umwelt Institut (Jakob von Uexküll). The term, definitely used by Cassirer and Werner, is associated with the personalistic approach: “Keine Gestalt ohne Gestalter” (Stern), but also covers related terms like “melody of motion” (Uexküll), and “relational content” (Cassirer), discussing the term “empirical scheme” (Kant). All this scientific interest addressed personal forces to structure thresholds in equivalent stimuli. This view on intermodal formation allowed research in common aspects in the environments of animals, of children and adults to meet there the symbol formation of artists (Weimar Bauhaus) and poets like R. M. Rilke, a friend of Uexküll.

Routine police torture: towards a personalistic analysis and strategy

In this article I present a personalistic analysis of and a strategy for the fight against routine police torture. I assume that the strategy presented here has a broader area of application than routine police torture. As the idea of a personalistic approach was born while looking for possibilities to do something about routine police torture in developing countries, I will follow that line here. So I have a double ambition in this article. The first is to develop the idea of the personalistic analysis and strategy; the second is to find ways to apply it to routine police torture. The basic idea behind the notion of a personalistic approach is a simple one. Countries (cultures) differ in the way influence and power are exerted. In countries where personal ties between people and personal or group loyalties play a dominant role in the exchange of power and influence, intervention strategies based on that reality will have a greater chance of success than strategies which ignore that basic fact. I became aware of this when I was a member of a Netherlands Koninkrijks commissie (Committee of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) inquiring into the government and administration on one of the islands in the Netherlands Antilles. The Dutch members of the committee analyzed the problems in terms of the organization of government and administration, its culture, the balance of power, lack of accountability and control, rationality of administration, etc. The Antillian members analyzed the situation much more in terms of persons: who was responsible, to whom was he or she related, what were the political ties involved, and what were their personal motives and interests. In the discussion of the recommendations of the committee the two ways of analyzing and of solving problems remained visible: the Dutch pleaded for structural changes, the Antillians said those were of no avail because one had to replace the persons responsible and not worry so much about the structures. In the literature, these different ways of organizing society and of defining problems are well known. I will only refer to this literature incidentally, as this is not a theoretical article on the social structure of societies. ~

A Dynamic Model of Work Satisfaction: Qualitative Approaches

Traditional work satisfaction research is criticized for its personalistic approach in conceptualization and measurement. Its results are doubted because of the artificially high proportions of satisfied. In order to overcome some of these shortcomings, the extended model of different forms of work satisfaction originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) is validated. Six forms of work satisfaction (progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction; constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction) are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Results from semistructured interviews, a free Q-sort, and a questionnaire for differentiating forms of work satisfaction for 46 nurses provide support for the model. Various methods proved useful in accessing particular aspects of the underlying cognitive and evaluative processes in the formation of different forms of work satisfaction. Implications for personnel management and studies in organizational behavior (performance, intervention strategies) are discussed.

A Dynamic Model of Work Satisfaction: Qualitative Approaches

Traditional work satisfaction research iscriticized for its personalistic approach inconceptualization and measurement. Its results aredoubted because of the artificially high proportions ofsatisfied. In order to overcome some of theseshortcomings, the extended model of different forms ofwork satisfaction originally proposed by Bruggemann(1974) is validated. Six forms of work satisfaction(progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction;constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction) arederived from the constellation of four constituentvariables: comparison of the actual work situation andpersonal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes inlevel of aspiration, controllability at work. Resultsfrom semistructured interviews, a free Q-sort, and aquestionnaire for differentiating forms of worksatisfaction for 46 nurses provide support for the model.Various methods proved useful in accessing particularaspects of the underlying cognitive and evaluativeprocesses in the formation of different forms of work satisfaction. Implications for personnelmanagement and studies in organizational behavior(performance, intervention strategies) arediscussed.

The Politics of Legal Unity in Germany, 1870–1896

Over the last two decades, noticeable progress has been made towards a more complete understanding of the political dynamics of Wilhelmine Germany. The older emphasis on the ‘high politics’ of Bismarck and his successors has given way to a much more differentiated picture of a political system in constant flux as it attempted to cope with the complexities of a rapidly industrializing society. Old orthodoxies concerning the weakness of German liberalism have been subjected to new examination and scholars have become increasingly aware of the potential of powerful interest groups to challenge as well as to buttress the Establishment. The overall effect of this general advance in the historiography of the Second Empire has been to direct attention away from the motives of individual decision-makers, at least at the ‘high-political’ level, and to investigate the structural constraints on the formulation of policy. Despite certain recent attempts to reinstate a more personalistic approach, it seems clear that no future history of late nineteenth-century German politics can afford to neglect these developments.

Victorian England 1837-1901: Bibliography and Historiography

It may be assumed that a bibliographical survey of a period of history is likely to reveal the nature, strengths and weaknesses of its historiography. This assumption depends to a large extent on the historical rather than bibliographical knowledge which the bibliographer brings to his work. So I would begin by pointing out two things which mere bibliography does not reveal about Victorian historiography. One is the influence upon it of works dealing with earlier, pre-Victorian periods. In any list of the ten most important works for the Victorian historian, one must include Namier's Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III and E. P. Thompson's Making of the English Working Class. Whatever one may think of these works, they are methodologically or ideologically seminal. A second thing not easily revealed by bibliography is the relative styles and types of work done in the United States as distinct from the United Kingdom. The British are more likely to write essays and biographies, and they have a near monopoly of social history; Americans, as everybody knows, are dreadfully monographic; as everybody may not know, they seem to have taken the lead in the field of intellectual history, perhaps because one may more readily depend on printed sources.I should next like to venture some remarks about the relative importance of particular genres in Victorian historiography. The most obvious is that editions of printed sources are of rather less importance for so modern a period of history. Percentage figures are deceptive, however, because Parliamentary Papers and the periodical press are too numerous to be cited individually, and autobiographies and other contemporary works could only be cited sparingly. Thus, while the preparation of printed sources is only a small part of the work done in Victorian history, the actual amount of available printed sources is in fact overwhelming. To this must be added the increasing availability of such sources in microform or photoreproduction, which may well transform historical research. Another observation relevant to genres of historical writing is the much larger prominence of biography in the Victorian field. The taste for biography is itself a Victorian phenomenon, and in certain fields—I have elsewhere discussed its role in religious history— this genre may be unduly prominent, often resulting in a narrowly personalistic approach. Nonetheless, the monograph still dominates the field.