Personal Worries Research Articles

Formulating cancer worries: How doctors establish medical expertise and authority to facilitate patients’ care choices

Video recordings of oncology interviews reveal how doctors rely on worry to establish medical expertise, facilitate treatment decision-making, and construct worry parameters to help patients understand whether there is a reasonable need for worry or not. Doctors express worry as frequently as cancer patients during oncology interviews, but they face a dilemma: how to provide care for cancer patients without directly stating they are worried about them? Plausible explanations are offered for why doctors do not state personal worries. Conversation analytic methods were employed to identify how doctors rely on worry to achieve distinct social actions. Four worry formulations are examined: (1) variations of “we worry” (and at times, non-specific and second person “you”), (2) hypothetical worry scenarios, (3) dismissing worry and offering assurance, and (4) doctors claiming they are not worried, bothered, or alarmed. Doctors align with and speak for the professionals and institutions they represent, expressing collective worries and claiming the legitimate right to worry (or not). Doctors also avoid abandoning patients to their own decision-making, yet do not formulate worry to coerce deference or dictate patients' choices. In all cases patients agreed and displayed minimal resistance to doctors’ worry formulations. These findings contribute to ongoing work across institutional settings where participants have been shown to construct objective, legitimate claims meriting worries about diverse problems. Work is underway to examine when and how patients explicitly raise and doctors respond to cancer worries. Clinical implications are raised for how doctors can use worry to legitimize best treatment options, help patients minimize their worries, rely on hypothetical scenarios allowing patients to compare how other patients managed their cancer, and not dismiss the importance of minimizing the need to worry as a resource for offering reassurance.

Links between mental health problems and future thinking from the perspective of adolescents with experience of depression and anxiety: a qualitative study

BackgroundDepression and anxiety are common during adolescence and could have detrimental impacts on young people’s ability to make and implement plans for their future. However, to the best of our knowledge, no other study has adopted a qualitative approach in investigating these effects from the perspective of adolescents with lived experiences of depression and anxiety. We sought to understand how young people perceive and interpret the impact of mental health conditions on their thinking about the future.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 adolescents aged 16–19 years in the UK (median age = 19, IQR = 1.5), who had a history of protracted periods of clinical or subclinical depression and/or anxiety. They were asked to reflect on how their ability to think about the future and the content of the future-related thinking was impacted during periods of poor mental health, compared with periods of feeling well. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic content analysis.ResultsFive domains were identified. First, the impact of mood on future thinking capability focuses on reduced ability and motivation to engage in future thinking. Second, the impact of mood on images, thoughts, and feelings about the future includes the emotional valence of future-related thoughts, their vividness, structure, and the extent to which they intimated subjective feelings of control (i.e., agency). Third, social influences focuses on social factors that might ameliorate or exacerbate future thinking. Fourth, reflections on personal worries and expectations about the future captures personal interpretations of past worries and hopes and how future thinking affected mood. Finally, personal coping refers to how young people cope with the negative emotions that come with future thinking.ConclusionsThis study provided a nuanced and granular account of how depression and anxiety impacted young people’s future thinking based on their lived experiences. By highlighting the different ways that variations in future thinking were experienced as a function of depression and anxiety, our analysis highlighted new factors that should be considered in studies of adolescent mental health risk, which could inform the development of new therapeutic approaches.

Professional Athletes' Well-Being: New Challenges in Post-COVID-19 Times.

The COVID-19 period was characterized as a traumatic period throughout the world. During the pandemic, sports organizations had to adapt to government rules and social distancing measures frequently and faced a challenging and complex period in keeping their athletes on a normal routine. Many athletes faced uncertainty regarding their present and future competitive context and personal worries, similar to society during the pandemic. Consequently, adverse effects on the mental health and well-being of athletes were reported in individual and team sports. This review seeks to explore the perceived impact of COVID-19 on athletes' well-being and future considerations. This review suggests professional athletes' well-being should receive more attention and will be addressed in the future for the benefit of the athletes and not just in favor of performance. Moreover, the emphasis on evidence-based psychological support such as stress management and athletes' well-being in a high-performance sport context should increase. The post-COVID-19 period highlights the importance of broadening athletic identity into a more holistic scope that includes life-performance balance and personal values outside the sporting context. Lastly, developing and fostering resilience is complex yet fundamental for systems, when considering athletes' personal context and providing them with professional skills outside of their professional domain.

Fear and Resilience: A Modified Consensual Qualitative Research Study of LGBTQ+ Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Many LGBTQ+ people face significant physical and mental health, social, and economic disparities, disparities that have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent qualitative and quantitative research has explored some of the specific ways that LGBTQ+ people have been developing and using resilience strategies during the pandemic, but little is currently known regarding specific pandemic-related stressors unique to LGBTQ+ individuals, social support networks and community resilience developed by LGBTQ+ individuals, and accessibility of both LGBTQ+-specific and general health care needs. The present study was conducted to help address these gaps in the current research literature. As part of a larger online survey on LGBTQ+ people and the impacts of COVID-19, participants (N= 220) were asked a series of open-ended questions about their general and identity-specific concerns, forms of coping, and forms of social support accessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the consensual qualitative research modified method (CQR-M), 31 subdomains grouped under seven main domains were revealed: (1)societal orientation; (2)personal worries; (3)personal maintenance and planning; (4)concerns for close others; (5)source of connection; (6)connection format; and (7)LGBTQ+ affirmative care. The findings in the present study expand research and health provider understanding of unique forms of distress, coping, social support, and community resilience experienced and engaged in by LGBTQ+ people during the COVID-19 pandemic. These qualitative findings can help inform more targeted interventions at individual, community, and public policy levels.

Personal worries about COVID-19 transmission among Vietnamese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Personal worries about COVID-19 transmission can have significant health effects on both physical and mental health. The project objectives were to determine the prevalence and factors influencing personal worries about COVID-19 transmission among adult Vietnamese men and women in 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 among adults living in Hanoi City and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in which a total of 447 individuals completed the questionnaire survey. A 5-point Likert scale was used to measure whether survey respondents were worried about being infected with COVID-19, whether family/friends will catch COVID-19, and about spreading the virus to others. The rating scores were then used to categorize study participants as “worried” (score 1-3) and “not worried” (score 4-5). Results: The study found that slightly more than two-thirds of the study sample were worried about being infected with COVID-19. Additionally, approximately four in every five respondents were worried that family/friends would catch COVID-19 or were concerned about spreading the virus to others. Individuals who did not engage in outdoor activities during the prior two weeks exhibited higher worry about being infected with COVID-19 compare to whom did. People living with someone at high risk for COVID-19 and worrying about losing their home had concerns that family/friends would catch COVID-19 more than whom did not. Men and individuals without a medical history of chronic disease and health insurance were less likely to express worries about spreading the COVID-19 virus to others compared to women and those with these chronic conditions and with insurance. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the interplay between individual risk perception and broader social determinants of health in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 prevention and control.

Promoting positive emotions and instilling concern for the needs of others during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this research is to study the efficacy of the home-based Hero program in promoting positive emotions and prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 237 12- to 15-year-old adolescents from Argentina. The level of positive emotions and prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends and family in the adolescent intervention group increased through the three evaluation periods. The Hero program was focused on recognizing one’s own emotions and provided an opportunity to reflect on different positive aspects of life, thus allowing a change in perspective related to immediate negative events. Moreover, the program provided an opportunity to change adolescents’ perspective from personal worries to concerns about others, including friends, family members, and even strangers in need.

Escaping from worries: Comparing the effectiveness of focusing on one's breath, a neutral and a positive distractor in worry control.

Focused-distraction strategies are commonly used for thought control, but their effectiveness in handling personal worries with different types of distractors has rarely been examined. To examine this issue, 101 undergraduate and graduate students whose depression levels fell below mild depression were recruited (64.4% female, Mage = 20.27) and were randomly assigned to one of the three strategy conditions: 34 participants for the focused-breathing strategy (FBS), 34 for the focused-positive-distractor strategy (FPS), and 33 for the focused-neutral-distractor strategy (FNS). After a short introduction and practice, they applied the assigned strategy during a 5-min worry control session to prevent thoughts regarding a recent worrying event. The number of worry intrusions was measured using an online self-caught method. Participants rated their emotional states before and after the worry control session. Their working memory capacities (WMCs) and depressive tendency were comparable across conditions. The results showed the FBS and FPS groups exhibited fewer worry intrusions than did the FNS group. Furthermore, worry intrusions were negatively related to WMC for the FNS group but independent of WMC for the other two. The above findings together indicate that the FBS and FPS are relatively effective and effortless methods for reducing worry intrusions. Negative emotions decreased after the worry control session for all groups. However, decoupling of negative emotions from worry intrusions was only observed for the FBS and FNS groups. Overall, FBS outperforms FPS and FNS in managing worries from the above aspects. Several theoretical and practical implications of the study were discussed.

Making Kin in a Pandemocene

Research Article| April 01 2022 Making Kin in a Pandemocene: An Account of/for Queer Survival Amelia Walker Amelia Walker Author’s email: poetryisdangerous@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Autoethnography (2022) 3 (2): 240–244. https://doi.org/10.1525/joae.2022.3.2.240 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Amelia Walker; Making Kin in a Pandemocene: An Account of/for Queer Survival. Journal of Autoethnography 1 April 2022; 3 (2): 240–244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/joae.2022.3.2.240 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of Autoethnography Search It was one of those mornings when the air itself glows. I’d risen to walk as the sun rose. It seemed safest with most of the neighborhood sleeping. The quiet solitude also helped soothe the anxieties. It was April 2020. Covid-19 had officially reached pandemic status. Days earlier, I’d confronted supermarket shelves empty of milk, rice, cereal, toilet paper, and—most worrisome, given the context—disinfectant. Panic buyers had cleared the lot. Additionally, I had personal worries. My girlfriend, a serious asthmatic, was strictly self-isolating, refusing face-to-face contact, even with me. It was a new relationship; we lived apart. She was so stressed with day-to-day challenges, even phone calls were a stretch. Or so she claimed. I sensed more at play. Things were tricky with family, too. Although I’ve consistently identified as bisexual and queer since my teens, my brother-in-law had until then only seen me with male partners and responded poorly... You do not currently have access to this content.

Childcare, work or worries? What explains the decline in parents' well-being at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany?

Objective: We examine how care arrangements, general and altered working conditions, and worries influenced subjective well-being at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic for working parents in Germany.
 Background: Prior research suggests several reasons for declines in subjective well-being, particularly for working mothers. We employ Pearlin's (1989) stress process model to explore the role of parental childcare, altered working conditions and amplified worries of working parents in terms of increased stressors and modified resources to cope with the extraordinary situation.
 Method: We use data from two starting cohorts from the National Educational Panel Study and its supplementary COVID-19 web survey from spring 2020 to examine possible heterogeneities in contextual factors for individual-level changes in the well-being of working mothers and fathers.
 Results: We confirm a more pronounced decline in well-being for working mothers than fathers. Part-time work and access to emergency care reduce the gender gap in decreased well-being. Conversely, young children in the household and personal worries are associated with lower well-being for both parents. However, we cannot explain the more significant decrease in mothers’ well-being by increased childcare responsibilities or altered working conditions.
 Conclusion: A greater decline in well-being indicates a particular burden among working mothers. However, it cannot be linked solely to gendered inequalities in the changes of paid and unpaid work during the first months of the pandemic.

ARCS 학습 동기 모델을 적용한 대학 교양 음악수업 방안

Objectives This study is aimed at providing measures for teaching approach in music appreciation class through activities that trigger learning motivation in order to remedy students lack of learning motivation.
 Methods Keller s ARCS learning motivation model was selected through a literature study on learning motivation, and methods to increase motivation in music education based on the main factors of attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction were explored.
 Results To promote self-motivated participatory learning in music activities, a music study plan was proposed based on the core musical activites of listening, composing, singing and instrument playing which use “the Five” and their musical works to address each of ARCS learning motivation factors: 1) attention (using fables that arouse curiosity); 2) relevance (using stories of overcoming adversities that relate to learners personal worries); 3) confidence (using challenging music games); and 4) satisfaction (performing using acquired musical knowledge and skills).
 Conclusions Music activities applying this learning motivation method can be an alternative method for learners who have difficulties with or who lack of interest in music appreciation class, and can be used as basic data for music education that promote learning motivation.

Anxiety and depression symptoms and their association with discrimination and a lack of social support among first- and second-generation immigrant adolescents

The focus in the present study is on how experienced discrimination, being able to discuss personal matters with parents, and having someone to discuss personal worries with relate to symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety among first- and second-generation immigrant-background adolescents (aged 14–15) living in Finland. The data used was collected for the National School Health Promotion Study (2017) conducted by The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (N = 73,690). Mental health was assessed on the PHQ-2 (depression) and GAD-7 (generalized anxiety disorder) scales. The findings indicated that first-generation adolescents from immigrant families were significantly more likely than their second-generation counterparts to report mental-health symptoms, and they also provided worse scores on all measures examined. It was alarming that 42 per cent of the first-generation immigrant group reported that they could not discuss their personal worries with anyone, and more than one-fifth of these youth hardly ever talked about personal matters with their parents. Experienced discrimination was a slightly stronger predictor of generalized anxiety than depressive symptoms and it predicted both symptoms of depression and anxiety more prominently among first-generation immigrant adolescents compared with their second-generation counterparts. Being able to discuss personal matters with parents functioned as a protective factor with similar predictor values in both groups, whereas the possibility of having someone with whom to discuss personal worries was significantly associated to lower levels of anxiety only among first-generation immigrant adolescents.

Community pharmacists' experiences of working during lockdown

BackgroundTransmission of the novel coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2, caused many health services to reach crisis points worldwide. As infection rates rose, many countries implemented ‘lockdown’ periods where only essential services could remain open; this included community pharmacies in the UK. This study retrospectively explores the experiences of community pharmacists during the first lockdown period of the pandemic in the UK, helping us to learn for the future if another pandemic were to arise. ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to explore the main professional and personal worries and concerns that pharmacists experienced during the first UK lockdown. Key practical issues specific to COVID-19 were investigated: staffing levels, precautionary measures undertaken, workload issues, medicines shortages, support, and guidance. In addition, the perceived effectiveness of support available to community pharmacists was examined. MethodsCommunity pharmacists in the Stoke-on-Trent and Staffordshire regions of the UK were invited to participate in a semi-structured telephone interview. Participants were recruited until no new themes emerged. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was undertaken using the Framework Approach. ResultsIn total, 29 community pharmacists were interviewed across Stoke-On-Trent and Staffordshire, with interviews lasting on average for 20 min. Fifteen interviewees were from independent pharmacies and 14 from large-chain pharmacies. Five themes emerged from the data: difficulty maintaining staffing levels; precautionary measures undertaken for staff and patients; increase in dispensing volume; dealing with medicines shortages; and perceptions of support varied, with guidance reported to be initially slow and conflicting. ConclusionOverall, this study highlights the crucial role that community pharmacists in the UK played in ensuring patients still received their medication and health advice, despite the challenging circumstances in which they found themselves. Community pharmacies need appropriate support, recognition, and funding to enable them to remain sustainable and continue to provide a critical service in the face of possible future pandemics.

Students’ self-reported well-being under corona measures, lessons for the future

As education was forced to go fully online in early 2020 as a consequence of the imposed lockdowns, concerns were raised related to student well-being. This study examines student well-being at the science faculty of a large urban university in the Netherlands within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory, a sub-theory of Self-Determination Theory. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining the results of an online student survey with 16 Likert-scale questions as well as two open ended questions (2228 participants, corresponding to a response rate of 32%) with a student focus group interview. The Likert-scale questions were subjected to factor analyses and reveal problems with well-being in four areas: study, personal worries, personal well-being, and societal worries. The analyses of the answers to the open ended questions as well as the focus group data show that students are positive on the autonomy offered by the inherent flexibility of online education, e.g., as a consequence of reduced travel time. However, the psychological needs of competence and relatedness are seriously undermined during times of lockdown, mainly because of poorer student-teacher interaction, lack of structure, loneliness, and helplessness. Students state that they need more support in these areas, for example by on-campus meetings whenever possible, psychological support, improvements in online education, online social events, adequate communication, and leniency in the interpretation of regulations and deadlines. Implications are discussed.

Students’ Self-Reported Well-Being Under Corona Measures, Lessons for the Future

As education was forced to go fully online in early 2020 as a consequence of the imposed lockdowns, concerns were raised related to student well-being. This study examines student well-being at the science faculty of a large urban university in the Netherlands within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory, a sub-theory of Self-Determination Theory. The answers to an online student questionnaire with 16 Likert-scale questions as well as two open questions (N=2228) were analyzed and followed up with a student focus group interview. The Likert-scale questions were subjected to factor analyses and reveal problems with four areas: study, personal worries, personal well-being, and societal worries. The analyses of the answers to the open questions as well as the focus group data show that students are positive on the autonomy offered by the inherent flexibility of online education, e.g., as a consequence of reduced travel time. However, the psychological needs of competence and relatedness are seriously undermined during times of lockdown, mainly because of poorer student-teacher interaction, lack of structure, loneliness, and helplessness. Students state that they need more support in these areas, for example by on-campus meetings whenever possible, psychological support, improvements in online education, online social events, adequate communication, and leniency in the interpretation of regulations and deadlines. Implications are discussed.Funding Information: The authors have received no funding for this research.Declaration of Interests: The authors explicitly deny any conflict of interest in the context of this study.Ethics Approval Statement: This study complies with the regulations of the ethical board of the Faculty of Science and Geology of Utrecht University. Participants gave recorded verbal consent prior to beginning the interview.

Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Across Different Mental Disorders: A Study on Disorder-Specific Symptoms, Psychosocial Stress and Behavior.

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has plunged countries across the world into crisis. Both in the general population and in specific subgroups such as infected people or health care workers, studies have reported increased symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. However, the reactions of individuals with mental disorders to Covid-19 have largely been neglected. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the perceived impact of Covid-19 and its psychological consequences on people with mental disorders. In this online survey, participants were asked to evaluate their disorder-specific symptoms, perceived psychosocial stress and behaviors related to Covid-19 in the current situation and retrospectively before the spread of Covid-19. The study included participants with self-identified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and agoraphobia (PA), illness anxiety disorder (IA), social anxiety disorder (SAD), depression (DP), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), eating disorders (ED), schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (SP), other non-specified mental disorder (other) as well as mentally healthy controls (HC). The results of bayesian parameter estimation suggest that the symptom severity of DP, GAD, IA and BDD has deteriorated as a reaction to Covid-19. Across all mental disorders and HC, self-reported psychosocial stress levels were higher during the outbreak of Covid-19 compared to before. A reduced frequency of social contacts and grocery shopping was found for all participants. People with self-identified mental disorders showed higher personal worries about Covid-19 and a higher fear of contagion with Covid-19 than did HC. According to our findings, Covid-19 may reinforce symptom severity and psychosocial stress in individuals with mental disorders. In times of pandemics, special support is needed to assist people with mental disorders and to prevent symptom deterioration.

Burnout and Protective Factors: Are They the Same Amid a Pandemic?

Burnout and Protective Factors: Are They the Same Amid a Pandemic?

The archetypal origins of the «second reality» (based on the plays «Memento», «Black Panther and White Bear» by V. Vynnychenko)

The article highlights and analyses archetypical images pictured on artists’ canvases in V. Vynnychenko’s plays. This is the new aspect of studying master’s drama, which has determined studio’s relevance and goal: to substantiate artistic nature, specific content and functional of the archetypal origins. The question is all about similar images that have archetype nature and are connected to a symbolical depiction of the matter of life. The human fantasy is one of the main sources of the archetypes, as well as the basis of the artistic process, showing, by the way, prototypes that are located in the collective unconscious. Images, located in collective unconscious, deep in people’s fears and hopes, can show up through art precisely, that is why they’re able to bring a resonance in the receivers’ souls. Archetypes are used to cause any type of effective infusion, therefore the artist – is the one who possesses the high level of perception to archetypical forms and is able to realize them extremely accurately, which approximates artist to prophets and other psychological types according to K. G. Jung. So the notion «archetype» as the studies tool allows us to highlight text nuances, understand the mechanism of the psychological impact of the art matter on the reader. The result of analysis is that the archetype oh the mother, father and child are mythological and irrational symbols. Their variety is changing, but the overall essence is common for them all. They are directly connected to the archetype of «self», that determines realization of the individualization process as the self-assertion in the world. Such decoding allows us to realize the philosophical subtext of the plays and denote the author’s views. The presence of the pictures with the child archetype in both texts – is the product of complicated psychological processes in the V. Vynnychenko’s consciousness. There are personal worries (marriage, son’s death), that undoubtedly, has crucially affected author, continuing and realizing in his art. Actually, it is also about the impact of products of the unconscious fantasy (forgotten or displaced), and collective memory, that is inheriting and realizing in consciousness due to some accidents.

Impact of participation in continuing medical education small group learning (CME-SGL) on the stress, morale, and professional isolation of rurally-based GPs: a qualitative study in Ireland.

BackgroundThe pressures of general practice contribute to high levels of stress, low morale, and burnout in some GPs. In addition, rurally-based doctors may experience significant professional isolation. Participation in continuing medical education (CME) appears to reduce stress, and may improve the retention of rural GPs.AimAs part of a larger study devised to examine the effectiveness of regular participation in CME small group learning (SGL) on rurally-based Irish GPs, this study explored whether CME-SGL had any impact on GP stress, morale, and professional isolation.Design & settingThis was a qualitative study involving four CME-SGL groups based in rural Ireland.MethodSemi-structured focus group interviews were conducted in established CME-SGL groups in four different rural geographical locations. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.ResultsAll members of these CME-SGL groups (n = 43) consented to interview. These GPs reported that regular meetings with an established group of trusted colleagues who are ‘in the same boat’ provided a ‘safe space’ for discussion of, and reflection on, both clinical concerns and personal worries. This interaction in a supportive, non-threatening atmosphere helped to relieve stress, lift morale, and boost self-confidence. The social aspect of CME-SGL sustained these rural GPs, and served to alleviate their sense of professional isolation.ConclusionDelivery of CME through locally-based SGL provides as an important means of supporting GPs working in rural areas. The non-educational benefits of CME-SGL, as described by these Irish GPs, are of relevance for rural doctors in other countries.

Relational-Level Factors Influencing Suicidal Behaviors Among Korean Adolescents.

To identify relational-level risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. This study is a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional national data on Youth Health Behavior collected in June 2017. The final sample (n = 62,276), collected from 2,400 classes in 800 schools, reflects stratification, clustering, and weight. It is representative of the population (n = 3,027,488). This study used relational factor variables, including experiences of assault, living with family or not, and adolescents' confidants. Dependent variables included suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. This study used logistic regression analyses on the complex sample to examine relational-level risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt. The adjusted logistic regression models found that experiences of assault, living with family or not, and adolescents' confidants were all significantly associated with suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt. In particular, 35.3% of victims had thought about suicide seriously, and victims of assault were approximately eight times more likely to attempt suicide compared to nonvictims. The experience of assault by others was found to be a strongly associated risk factor for suicidal behaviors in adolescents. Living with family and the presence of confidants to talk with were found to be protective factors against suicidal behaviors. To be specific, talking with parents about personal worries and troubles was more protective against suicidal behaviors than talking with a sibling, friend, or teacher. Nurses should provide crisis intervention for symptoms of trauma and suicidal behaviors among assault victims. Suicide prevention efforts should focus more on adolescents not living with family. They should also aim to enhance adolescents' family interactions. Encouraging adolescents to talk with their parents may mitigate the effects of risk factors on suicidal behaviors.

Knowledge on Antibiotic Use, Self-Reported Adherence to Antibiotic Intake, and Knowledge on Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens - Results of a Population-Based Survey in Lower Saxony, Germany.

IntroductionAssessment of public awareness on antibiotic use and resistance can identify key issues for campaigns addressing these problems. Our aim was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) related to antibiotic use and multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens in a general population in Germany.MethodsWe conducted a KAP survey on antibiotics and on MDR pathogens using an online panel recruited from the general population, which was established using stratified random sampling from the population registry in four districts in Lower Saxony, Germany.ResultsIn the 12 months preceding the survey, 32.3% of the participants had received at least one prescription for antibiotics, 95.7% reported to follow the recommendations of prescribers, and 10.3% reported to stop taking antibiotics as soon as they feel better. Up to 94.9% of the participants had heard of MDR pathogens, 42.7% reported to know somebody who had been tested positive for it, 0.8% had an infection with it, and 37.2% were worried of contracting it. In case of contact with a carrier of MDR pathogens, over 90% would increase hand hygiene and 0.8% would avoid the carrier completely. Participants considered health care workers (75.1%) and everybody in society (87.8%) to be responsible for combating the spread of MDR pathogens.ConclusionThere is a high reported exposure to antibiotics and awareness of the problem of MDR pathogens. Despite personal worries, most of the participants indicated a reasonable, non-stigmatizing behavior toward carriers of MDR pathogens, and that every individual was responsible to avoid their spread.