Personal Values Questionnaire Research Articles

The effect of combined therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on values and psychological acceptance in couples applying for divorce

Aim: Divorce-seeking couples have many problems in their marital relationships, and one of the effective methods in improving the characteristics related to marital life is through offering a combined-approach educational method. The present study was conducted in order to determine the effect of combined therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on values and psychological acceptance in couples applying for divorce.
 Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples applying for divorce who were referred from Behshahr City Court to counseling centers dedicated to the Divorce Reduction Program, during the second 6 months of 2018. In this clinical trial, 32 people (16 couples applying for divorce) were selected through available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 16 individuals (treatment and control groups). Combined couple therapy intervention based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy (Liu and McKay, 2012) was implemented in 14 ninety-minute sessions in a group format (treatment group). Research tools included acceptance and action questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011) and personal values questionnaire (Schwartz, 2002). Data analysis was done by multivariate covariance analysis.
 Findings: The results showed that integrated couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy has significantly led to the improvement of acceptance and practice and values in couples applying for divorce in the post-test stage (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The results of the research show the effectiveness of integrated couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on values and psychological acceptance in couples applying for divorce.

The mediating role of personal values between COVID-19-related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction among Chinese college students: A two-wave longitudinal study.

Despite considerable disruption of social order caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it has also been said to contribute to positive psychological changes and influence on the perception of public life satisfaction. The present study aimed to explore the association between the COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction and the mediating role of personal values. A two-wave longitudinal design was used. 226 self-quarantined Chinese college students (58.8% male) completed post traumatic growth inventory (Time 1), satisfaction with life scale (Time 2), personal values questionnaire (Time 2) between February 2020 and May 2021. Results showed that more than half of self-quarantined Chinese college students reported moderate to high levels of the COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth. A structural equation model revealed that COVID-19 related posttraumatic growth was positively associated to life satisfaction, and self-transcendence and self-enhancement values partially mediated this association. These findings shed light on whether and how pandemic-related posttraumatic growth influenced personal life satisfaction, supporting the outcome and process perspectives of posttraumatic growth as well as Schwartz’s value theory. Based on the findings, some positive psychology interventions, such as online rumination activities and mindfulness practice, were proposed to enhance self-quarantined college students’ posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction.

The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy training on Personal Values in female with obesity

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy training on personal values of obese women in Tehran in 1399. Method: The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all obese women referred to the nutrition and diet therapy clinic in Tehran, from which 40 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly in an experimental group (20 people in each group) and one The control group (20 people) was assigned. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The instruments used in the present study included the Personal Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, 2004). Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire was performed in two parts: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures). Results: The results showed that schema therapy training has an effect on the components of personal values (power value, progress, hedonism, provocation, self-direction, universality, benevolence, tradition, compliance and security) of obese women (P <0.05). The results showed the effectiveness of schema therapy training on personal values in obese women. Conclusion: Therefore, therapists can use this method to promote mental health in women with obesity.

Experiential avoidance and depression predict values engagement among people in treatment for borderline personality disorder

Previous research identifies people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) place high levels of importance on values across a variety of life domains but have significantly lower levels of values commitment, desire to improve and success at living in line with what is valued. The current study aims to identify the factors impeding people's ability to engage more successfully with what is valued so that they can be more effectively targeted in treatment. In this study, participants were 106 consumers attending an outpatient clinic for BPD treatment. Participants completed a comprehensive assessment of values (Personal Values Questionnaire) as well as selfreport measures of experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Avoidance Questionnaire- 2), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21). Correlations demonstrated that depression, stress, difficulty identifying feelings and describing feelings and experiential avoidance were negatively associated with values engagement. However, regression analysis revealed that only depression and experiential avoidance significantly predicted values engagement after controlling for the other predictor variables in the model. Experiential avoidance and depressive symptomology are likely to be particularly important targets to improve values engagement in individuals seeking treatment for BPD.

Межгрупповое доверие русских в поликультурных регионах России: роль ценностей и межкультурных контактов

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship of values and intercultural contacts with intergroup trust among the Russian ethnic minority in two multicultural regions of Russia — the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (RNO-A), the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR). Background. The study of out-group trust is important for multicultural societies. Out-trust contributes to the harmonization of intercultural relations, overcoming unstable social interactions and leads to important public benefits, including personal and social well-being. However, in Russia, trust was studied among the ethnic majority and in the context of acculturation problems. Study design. We conducted a socio-psychological survey. Data collection took place in towns and villages of North Ossetia-A and KBR, where the Russians live compactly. We used the “snowball” method. Respondents received blank questionnaires, completed them and returned them to the researcher. Participants. The sample included 593 Russian respondents. In RSO-A, the sample included 291 re¬spondents (29% of men, average age M=44,6); in KBR the sample included 302 respondents (36% of men, average age M=42,7). Measurements. We used Personal Values Questionnaire — Revised (Schwartz), the Yamagishi scale of trust, the scale of intercultural friendship contacts from the Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies project (MIRIPS). Results. The results showed that in RNO-A, Openness to change values, Conservation values were positively associated, and Self-Enhancement values were negatively related to out-group trust through intercultural contacts only. Intensive intercultural contacts of Russians also moderated the positive relationship between Openness to change values and out-group trust. In KBR, Self-Enhancement values had direct and indirect (through intercultural contacts) negative effects on out-group trust only. Intercultural contacts also moderated the negative relationship between Self-Enhancement values and out-group trust. Conclusions. In general, the results showed that the characteristics of the sociocultural context determine the significance of different values for out-group trust. In the situation of favorable intercultural relations and in “the close” religious context (RNO-A), if the Russians interact intensively with the dominant ethnic group representatives, then their values focused on the self-direction thought and action, openness to the world increase out-group trust. In “the distant” religious context in the situation of interethnic tension (KBR), if the Russians interact intensively with dominant ethnic groups representatives, then their values of achievement, power, “preserving their own face” reduce out-group trust.

Toward the Extension of Antecedents of Compulsive Buying: The Influence of Personal Values Theory.

Although a great deal of research has been conducted on compulsive buying, little if any, research has explored compulsive buying from a wider theoretical perspective, encompassing all types of values as potential drivers of compulsive buying. In particular, no comprehensive research has been conducted in the diagnosis of mechanisms that direct the development of compulsive buying from the perspective of personal values theory. Thus, the objective of the current research was to explore compulsive buying within Schwartz's value model, as well as examining the role particular values play as predictors of compulsive buying. Data were obtained from randomly selected students (young adults), whose ages ranged from 17 to 25 years-old, enrolled at professional and high schools, and at universities in Poland. Personal values were measured by the Polish version of Personal Values Questionnaire, while compulsive buying propensity was assessed by the Polish version of the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale. Generally, the study's hypotheses were supported by SEM analysis. That is, those who held values comprising "Self-Enhancement" and "Openness to Change" were more likely to be compulsive buyers. In contrast, those who held values comprising "Self-Transcendence" and "Conservation" were more likely to be non-compulsive buyers. Compulsive buyers were more self-focused, hedonistic, power- and achievement-oriented than non-compulsive buyers. Finally, values that emphasized importance of communal rather than individualistic goals appeared to prevent compulsive buying.

Personal values in adolescence and sense of coherence in adulthood: A cross-sectional study based on a retrospective recall.

AimsThe purpose of this study is to retrospectively examine the association between personal values in adolescence and sense of coherence (SOC) in adulthood.MethodsJ‐SHINE data from wave 1 (2010) and wave 3 (2017) were used in this study. We retrospectively measured personal values at age 15 in 2017 in two ways: (a) value priorities developed from Schwartz's theory of basic values; and (b) the commitment to values measured by Personal Values Questionnaire II (PVQ‐II). Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the association.ResultsHaving a value priority of belief, pursuing one's interest, enduring active challenges, cherishing family and friends, and having a commitment to values in adolescence were significantly and positively associated, while avoiding causing trouble was significantly and negatively associated with SOC in adulthood.ConclusionsPersonal values in adolescence may be associated with SOC in adulthood. Research of personal values in adolescence could contribute to the understanding the development of SOC.

Personal values in adolescence and psychological distress in adults: A cross-sectional study based on a retrospective recall.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between personal values in adolescence retrospectively assessed and psychological distress in adults in a representative sample of community adults in Japan. We used the J-SHINE data collected in 2010 and 2017. Personal values in adolescence were retrospectively measured in the 2017 survey in two ways: (1) value priorities developed from Schwartz's theory of basic values; and (2) commitment to values measured by Personal Values Questionnaire II (PVQ-II). Psychological distress was measured by using K6 in 2010. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to clarify the association between personal values in adolescence and psychological distress in adults, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, smoking, alcohol drinking, and economic status at age 15. Enduring active challenging, cherishing family and friends, and the commitment to values were significantly and negatively associated with psychological distress in adults. Pursuing one's interest was significantly and positively associated with psychological distress. Having a value priority of enduring active challenging, cherishing family and friends, and the commitment to values in adolescence may reduce psychological distress in adults.

Impact of Strength and Nature of Patient Health Values on Compliance and Outcomes for Physiotherapy Treatment for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

ObjectiveTo determine whether patient values impact on compliance and outcome for physiotherapy treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction. Although studies have related “health values” to behaviors in the laboratory, or to behaviors such as exercise, there have been no studies of the impact of patient values on actual medical treatments. MethodsA prospective observational study of the impact of patient values on compliance and outcomes for physiotherapy treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction was conducted in a physiotherapy clinic in the urogynaecological outpatients unit of a hospital. Two hundred eighteen patients were approached and agreed to participate. Prior to treatment, pelvic floor functioning was assessed using the Oxford Grading System, and Queensland Pelvic Floor Questionnaire, and values were assessed using the Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ-II). Following a 6-month physiotherapy treatment programme, pelvic floor function was reassessed. ResultsThe strength of patient health-related values measured by the PVQ-II significantly predicted compliance with the intervention, but the nature of health value (intrinsically-valued, as opposed to externally-controlled) predicted objective outcome. ConclusionPatient values impact on physiotherapy adherence and outcomes, and could be considered as part of future assessment/screening procedures.

Gender Particularities of Value Ideals of Chiefs

The research work substantiated the relevance of studying the individual values of chiefs as the creators of organizational culture, which affect the socialization of a wide range of Ukrainian adults. The gender particularities of the content and structure of the value orientation of the private business chiefs were described in detail (data of comparative research of 39 respondents with the help of the Schwartz Personal Values Questionnaire). A significant difference in the evaluation of such basic motivational tendencies as "Power," "Hedonism," and "Tradition" were proved and the differences in the structural organizing of the value hierarchy of different representatives was also shown. The lists of terminal and instrumental values of chiefs were analyzed in detail and the leading tendencies in accordance with the gender status were also singled out. The structure of correlations between the value types was identified individually in the male and female respondents of the sample, demonstrating radical differences. A new scientific discovery that requires further development and verification was found as well as the gender differences in the realization of the desire to get sensual satisfaction and structurally organizing the values according to sex were identified.

Personal values in adolescence and suicidality: a cross-sectional study based on a retrospective recall

BackgroundThis study retrospectively examined the association between personal values in adolescence and suicidality in a community-representative adult sample in Japan.MethodsData were used from wave 1 (2010) and wave 3 (2017) of a Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) survey. Personal values at age 15 were retrospectively measured in 2017 in two ways: the original value priorities we made were based on the Schwartz theory of basic values; and the Japanese version of the Personal Values Questionnaire II (PVQ-II) was used to assess the degree of commitment to the values. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association of personal values in adolescence with self-reported suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempt (both during a lifetime and in the most recent year), adjusting for socio-demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption, and economic status among 15 year olds.ResultsCherishing family and friends was significantly and negatively associated with suicidal ideation over a lifetime and in the most recent year. Commitment to values was also significantly and negatively associated with suicidal ideation in the most recent year.ConclusionsInvestigating the association between personal values and suicidality could make a significant contribution to the literature by offering a new approach to understanding and preventing suicide.

Educating for virtue: How wisdom coordinates informal, non-formal and formal education in motivation to virtue in Canada and South Korea

ABSTRACTHow do different forms of education contribute to value preferences? Clearly, informal education through personal experiences that shape one’s sense of identity and frame cultural expectations and opportunities (as indexed by culture, gender and age-cohort), non-formal education through religious traditions and formal state-mandated education all contribute to value preferences in culturally-specific ways. However, wisdom should allow people to coordinate culturally-specific education in ways that promote prosocial values. Our study considered the relative strength of four value-orientations from Schwartz’s Personal Values Questionnaire and of 15 core virtues among 189 participants from Canada and South Korea; half were older and half younger adults. 101 were emerging adults (aged 18–25) and 88 were retired older adults (aged 60–80). Multivariate regression analyses show that, although all three forms of education influenced value orientation in culture-specific ways in both Canada and South Korea, formal education was critical to cultivating the wisdom needed to coordinate and adjudicate between different values so as to live well.

Individual Attributes, Values, and Goals of an All-Military Women Antarctic Expedition.

BACKGROUND: While participation of women in the military has increased, research on performance of female teams engaged in arduous physical activity in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments remains sparse.METHODS: A team of six British military women completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form, Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, and Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ) prior to embarking on an expedition that traversed the Antarctic continent. Questionnaires were completed weekly on the ice; repeat of the PVQ and individual semistructured debriefing interviews were carried out within 9 d post-expedition.RESULTS: Personality findings indicated a generally well-adjusted group with notable individual differences in personality and personal values. Positive affect and camaraderie among teammates was evident throughout, although pace vs. distance in the strategy of the daily trek was a continuing point of tension. Honesty in communication was viewed as key to team effectiveness. A significant post-expedition decline in the tradition value (Pre M = -0.55, SD = 0.99; Post M = -0.82, SD = 1.12) and an increase in the conformity value (Pre M = -0.26, SD = 0.46; Post M = 0.18, SD = 0.27) was found.DISCUSSION: Congruence in personal and team goals among group members engaged in highly challenging activities is crucial for optimal team performance. Presence of two highly dominant individuals has a negative effect on team dynamics. Application of study findings to space exploration is considered.Blackadder-Weinstein J, Leon GR, Norris RC, Venables NC, Smith M. Individual attributes, values, and goals of an all-military women Antarctic expedition. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(1):18-25.

Применение технологии выявления факторов риска развития суицидального поведения среди подростков и молодежи

The article presents screening results for potential and actual risk factors of suicide behavior in adolescents. The sample consisted of more than 6,000 minors aged between 13 and 18.The study included two stages: testing (scales of hopelessness and loneliness, Bass-Purry Aggression Questionnaire, index of well-being, Personal Values Questionnaire, personality disorders questionnaire, FACES III) and individual counselling (diagnostic interviews) with adolescents at risk. The screening procedure allowed us to analyse potential and actual risk factors and to divide the subjects into 4 groups depending on the seriousness of their psychological condition and the required support: two groups of adolescents with actual crisis state and two groups with aggressive behaviour and character accentuation. The second stage of the study consisted of 225 individual diagnostic interviews. We discuss the characteristics of the group of the adolescents with a pronounced inclination towards self-harm who require prolonged psychological and, in some cases, medical assistance. In conclusion, we highlight some important aspects and key components of screening and strategies of preventing suicidal and self-harm behavior among adolescent population.

Influence of Gender on the Personal Values of Higher Secondary Students

Values play an important role in successful living. The presences of one’s values are reflected in the way one behaves talks and perceives things. It helps a person essentially to achieve the academic and professional excellence which will in return make them a good citizen of the country. To build a bright future, one must start the process from an early age itself. It is accepted fact that the values learned in childhood remain forever. It is not only helps one to distinguish from good and evil but also helps one to handle difficult situations easily and systematically. Therefore people with good values and ethics are given preference everywhere and are admired for their nature. The aim of present research is to find out the differences in personal values among boys and girls studying in Higher Secondary level. The researcher has used Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ-SV) by Sherry G.P. and Verma R.P. as a tool. The present study was confined to 120 higher secondary students from Ahmedabad city. Even though, many factors influence personal values of an individual, the present study measures the values with regard to gender with ten different factors. After the analysis of the data, independent ‘t’ test was applied to check significance. The finding reveals significant difference in economic value, power value and health value with regard to gender. The girls desire more economic value whereas the boys choose power value and health value.

Emotional-Spiritual Intelligence

India once renowned as a land of gold and flourishing market, revered as a seat of higher learning and the origin place of many religions, sought as a country with rich spiritual culture, held in high regard as a tolerant nation that survived many atrocities, is now striving to regain its old glory and status of ‘Jagat Guru’- the teacher of the World. Assertions are that the foundation of those glorious times was in its education system that was grounded in the Vedas and highly spiritual teachers whose spirituality guided society’s value system. The shift in focus from spiritual thinking to rational-material thinking is the plausible cause of change. This paper is an empirical attempt to study rational, emotional and spiritual intelligence of teachers with respect to their values to further establish the assertion and the relative importance of the different dimensions of intelligence. Data was collected from 372 teachers from Bhopal city of Madhya Pradesh selected through stratified random sampling technique. Standardised tools like, The Group Test of General Mental Ability, Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, Emotional Intelligence Scale, Personal Values Questionnaire and Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire developed by the researcher were used for data collection. Step wise Regression was used to analyze the data. Results indicate some interesting findings establishing the emotional and spiritual dimensions of intelligence as predictors of some significant values needed to revive the degenerated society. The implications have been discussed.

Relationships Among Valued Action, Behavioral Activation, Avoidance, and Reinforcement in a Sample of College Students.

Behavioral activation is a validated intervention for depression, which helps depressed people re-engage overt behaviors to facilitate contactswith reinforcing environmental contingencies and subsequent reductions in depression. Moreover, behavioral activation deals with values that are based on acceptance and commitment therapy. However, there is no empirical study that examines the role of behavior in line with values in behavioral activation. This study examined the role of behavior in line with values in behavioral activation by examining the association between behavior in line with values and variables of behavioral activation intervention targets, as well as the mediating effect of behavioral commitment. Japanese versions of the Personal Values Questionnaire II, the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, the Environmental Reward Observation Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression were completed by 292 Japanese undergraduate students ( M age = 19.2 yr., SD = 1.7; 65 men, 226 women, 1 unknown). Results indicated that behavior in line with values was associated with focused, goal-directed activation and completion of scheduled activities, which were mediated by behavioral commitment to values.

Protectores ante la violencia escolar en contexto dominicano: un modelo explicativo desde la psicología positiva

Determinados comportamientos agresivos de los adolescentes preocupan en escuelas de todo el mundo, siendo un problema de especial relevancia en América Latina y región Caribe. En concreto, en la República Dominicana los estudios hablan de prevalencias del 21.8 al 33.6%. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer en qué medida variables como el autoconcepto, la esperanza disposicional, las actitudes emprendedoras y los valores pueden actuar como factores protectores frente a la ocurrencia de dichas conductas violentas. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio en una muestra de 117 estudiantes dominicanos de secundaria. La evaluación incluyó, además de los datos socio-demográficos, escalas de medida de conductas violentas en la escuela, esperanza disposicional, autoconcepto forma 5, actitudes emprendedoras para estudiantes y valores personales. Para evaluar la relación entre las diversas dimensiones, se planteó y estimó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes). Bajo este modelo, la esperanza, las actitudes emprendedoras, los valores personales y cuatro dimensiones del autoconcepto predicen con buen ajuste la conducta violenta en la escuela, correctamente aproximada a través de un modelo de medida en seis dimensiones. Los resultados del modelo ofrecen información útil desde dos perspectivas: a) Acercamiento empírico al constructo violencia escolar con saturaciones factoriales satisfactorias para los indicadores de la variable latente o factor; b) Identificación de variables predictoras de la violencia: esperanza, empatía, toma de riesgos en contexto de emprendimiento, valores mixtos (combinación de individual y colectivo) y autoconcepto familiar. En la discusión se recoge la necesidad de trabajar desde la Psicología Positiva las variables halladas más relevantes, para disminuir las conductas violentas en las escuelas de la República Dominicana.

Comportamento proativo nas organizações: o efeito dos valores pessoais

O comportamento proativo é definido como um conjunto de comportamentos extrapapel em que o trabalhador busca espontaneamente mudanças no seu ambiente de trabalho, soluciona e antecipa-se aos problemas, visando a metas de longo prazo que beneficiam a organização. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a relação entre os valores pessoais e o comportamento proativo nas organizações. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida o Personal Values Questionnaire e a Escala de Comportamento Proativo nas Organizações, ambos já validados para o Brasil. Após a eliminação dos casos extremos, a amostra ficou constituída por 325 funcionários de diferentes organizações. A análise de regressão linear revelou que os valores predizem significativamente os comportamentos proativos, apontando uma relação positiva do tipo motivacional estimulação (B= 0,205, p<0,01) e universalismo/benevolência (B=0,302, p<0,01) com proatividade, e negativa com o tipo motivacional tradição (B= -0,189, p<0,01), de acordo com o previsto pelo referencial teórico. As implicações para os estudos na área são discutidas.

Examination of Personal Values System and Its Changes Among Young People

The main purpose of this study was investigated youth values system and it's changing in male and female to answer this question whether a change in values has been created. The results of this study are compared with previous studies. Eighty-seven (33 male, 54 female) students from Semnan University in Iran were participated in this study. All participants completed the Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ). The results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female in Religious, social, Public, Aesthetic, Economic, Knowledge, Hedonism, Power, Health values. Compared with the previous studies these findings showed that male and female has changed. In comparison to the previous findings, these findings show that the male and female's values have undergone some changes. But there is a significant difference between the two genders regarding value of family face. These findings work as warring toward the reduction of families’ power in transferring the appropriate values to each gender. Finally, regarding the key role of family in transferring the values to their children, it is suggested that parents consult with the experts for having a mental and emotional communication with their children and internalization cultural values in them.