Personal Side Research Articles

Editorial

Shortly after the fantastic 2024 Olympics in Paris, we would like to invite you to take a longer peek at the newest issue of the Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, starting with “Dark Side of Personality and Extreme Sports. Case of skydivers” by P. Próchniak and A. Próchniak. And although skydiving is not exactly (yet?) among the Olympic Games, the exploration of personalities of sportspersons proves a compelling snippet in the quest into understanding why it is only some and not others that succeed in a particular discipline, and whether those features that shape them affect their everyday lives, too.

Dark Side of Personality and Extreme Sports. Case of skydivers

Aim of the studyThe study aimed to identify the personality traits of skydivers from the Dark Side of Personality model.Subject or material and methodsTo identify the Dark Side of Personality traits of 40 Polish skydivers (M age = 26.70, SD = 7.80) and 42 low-risk sport athletes (controls, M age = 25.50, SD = 6.60), several scales were used. These were the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P), Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ), and Mach-IV Questionnaire.ResultsThe skydivers group had a significantly higher mean of Admiration, Boldness, Positive impulsivity and Sensation seeking than the control group. In addition, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted for the scales of the Dark Side of Personality. It revealed four basic factors: Impulsivity, Social Insensitivity, Planning action, and Thrill Seeking.DiscussionAll four factors discriminate between the study groups but the coefficient of discrimination is high for the Impulsivity and Thrill Seeking factors and lower for the other two factors. It means that Impulsivity and Thrill Seeking are probably the most important factors in understanding extreme sports in the context of the Dark Triad of Personality. The search for new and powerful experiences, combined with a lack of control over one’s own behaviour are the main determinants of involvement in extreme sports.ConclusionsThe results obtained suggest that skydivers do not reveal pathological tendencies. Their participation in extreme sports may be an expression of normal personality and temperamental traits that do not interfere with everyday functioning.

They choose violence. Dark personality traits drive support for politically motivated violence in five democracies

The deep roots of support for politically driven violence remain under-investigated. In this article we propose what we believe is the first systematic multi-country examination of personality correlated support for political violence, with a particular focus on the dark side of personality (low honesty-humility, dark triad). Study 1 leverages survey data gathered in five countries – Argentina, Australia, Germany, Italy, and the USA (pooled N = 10,316) – whereas Study 2 focuses on the USA (N = 1845) but with a more nuanced measure of the dark traits. Both studies rely on a conservative design for the measure of support for political violence, based on vignettes depicting concrete violent acts perpetrated against members of the partisan out-group. Results across the two studies confirm the driving role of dark personality for support for political violence, in particular in Australia and the USA (Study 1), and especially psychopathy (Study 2). Data and materials are openly available for replication.

Do proactive peers inhibit employee innovative behavior? The roles of team cooperative climate and sense of power

Drawing on approach–inhibition theory and proactivity research, this study examines the potential dark side of peer proactive personality for employee innovative behavior by exploring the mechanism through which peer proactive personality hinders employee innovative behavior and the underlying boundary condition. To test the hypotheses, we conducted a three-wave field study using a nested dataset (i.e., 861 employees and their 122 leaders) in China and an experimental vignette study with a U.S. sample. The results supported our hypotheses that peer proactive personality has a negative effect on employee innovative behavior via reduced employee sense of power, depending on the level of team cooperative climate. This study shifts research attention from the focal employees' proactive personality to peer proactive personality and advances the proactive personality literature by highlighting the potential dark side of peer proactive personality.

Behind That Intimidating Exterior: A Tribute to “Uncle Michael” Scriven

Former student and close colleague of the late Michael Scriven's for 26 years, Jane Davidson shares some insights into his personal side to shed light on where he was coming from as an evaluation theorist.

Shining light on the dark side of personality: Measurement properties and theoretical advances by Peter K.Jonason (Ed.). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe Publishing. 2023. 320 pages, $75 paperback

Shining light on the dark side of personality: Measurement properties and theoretical advances by Peter K.Jonason (Ed.). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe Publishing. 2023. 320 pages, $75 paperback

A Linguocognitive approach to the analysis of the interpreter’s language personality in an interpreting situation

The present article is devoted to the problem of applying a linguocognitive approach to the analysis of the linguistic personality of an interpreter/conference interpreter. The use of the linguocognitive approach seems to the author to be the most promising direction in view of the possibility of applying a comprehensive analysis of the interpreter’s verbal and non-verbal behavior. The conducted analysis − the study of the functional side of the linguistic personality at the moment of interpretation − contributes to the progress in the field of the national cognitive translation studies.The research aims to analyze the audiovisual series of simultaneous interpretations, which leads to the use of modern research methods in the analysis of verbal markers and the “unnoticed background”, including, on the one hand, the discursive features of linguistic personality in various sections of the language, and on the other hand, − intertextuality and creation of new meanings. The relevance of the linguocognitive approach in linguopersonology is due to the insufficiently studied mechanisms of comprehensive analysis of linguistic personality in general, as well as a rather limited number of studies of this kind.The author presents her view on the possibilities of applying linguocognitive analysis for a reliable and verifiable results of the interview genre research. The article describes the complexity and multi-dimensionality of the genre under study, reveals the destabilizing factors in the performance of interpretation that affect the manifestation of a linguistic personality, provides criteria for evaluating sounding speech, and the extent of its influence on the representation of linguistic personality, and, consequently, the success of the interpretation.The proposed approach to the study of the representation of the linguistic personality of an interpreter allows for linguistic and extralinguistic analysis, to study the verbal and nonverbal behavior of speakers, to assess the quality of translation, typologize translation errors, identify the features of prosody and non-verbal behaviour. In addition, the author introduces the term “an interpreting situation” in relation to the context of the study, describes the stages and the parameters of the source text analysis (translation degree) and destabilizing factors that affect the results of the study. The experimental study confirmed the prospects for the application of the linguocognitive approach; the representation of the interpreter/conference interpreter in the genre of television interview is marked by a special typical variety of text: a combination of journalistic and colloquial styles, the use of elliptical constructions, modality, syntactic and lexical repetitions.

Digital transformation in ecosystems: integrated operations model and its application to fifth-party logistics operators

Purpose The logistics industry has undergone a tremendous transformation. This transformation is necessary to cope with the fundamental changes in customer expectations and the need for digitalization imposed by the pandemic, changes in the socioeconomic world, and innovative technology solutions. This paper aims to present digital transformation as an integrated framework for transforming the operating model and applying advanced solutions to the ecosystem of a quintile logistics (5PL) company. 5PL operators are typically an ecosystem. Loosely coupled or self-organized entities that collaborate in a symbiotic relationship represent this ecosystem. They aim to jointly develop capabilities, create innovative services or solutions, share knowledge, facilitate transactions, and leverage network synergies in a logistics environment to provide optimized or novel customer- or partner-centric solutions (Lamberjohann and Otto, 2020). Design/methodology/approach Currently, there is no single definition of an integrated logistics operations model in 5PL practice, so the qualitative method used in this paper allows for investigation from an exploratory perspective. The paper follows a qualitative research methodology, collecting and analyzing data/facts through interviews and visits to subject matter experts, industry practitioners, and academic researchers, combined with an extensive review of academic publications, industry reports, and written and media content from established organizations in the marketplace. This paper follows a qualitative research methodology, as it is an inquiry rather than a statistical study. The qualitative method allows the study of the concepts of phenomena and definitions, their characteristics, and the defining features that serve as the basis (Berg, 2007). It emphasizes generalized interpretation and deeper understanding of concepts, which would be more difficult in quantitative, statistically based research. Fact-finding was conducted in two ways: in-depth interviews with experts from academia, information and communication technology organizations, and key players in the logistics industry; and academic publications, industry reports, and written and media content from established national and international organizations in the market. Findings The operations model introduced considers six aspects: persons, processes, platforms, partners, protection and preservation. A virtual team approach can support the personal side of the 5PL ecosystem’s digital transformation. Managing a 5PL ecosystem should be based on collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment methods (Parsa et al., 2020). A digital platform can support trust among the stakeholders in the ecosystem. A blockchain solution can powerfully support the 5PL ecosystem from partner relationships’ points of view. The implementation of a cybersecurity reference model is important for protection (Bandari, 2023). Reverse logistics and an integrated approach support the preservation of the ecosystem. Research limitations/implications While the author has experience applying the different components of the operations model presented, it would be interesting to find a 5PL that would use all the components presented in an integrated way. The operations model presented applies to any similar ecosystem with minor adaptations. Practical implications This paper addresses operations models and digital transformation challenges for optimizing 5PL operators. It provides several opportunities and considerations for 5PL operators interested in improving their management and operations to cope with the growing challenges of today’s world. Social implications The competitiveness and long-term performance of 5PL operators depend on selecting and carefully implementing their operations models. This paper emphasizes the importance of using advanced operations models. Originality/value The operations model derives from the author’s personal experiences in research and the innovative application of these models to logistics operators (DHL, UPS, Poste Italiane and others). This paper brings together academic and industry perspectives and operations models in an integrated business digital transformation. This paper defines an original optimal operations model for a 5PL operator and can add sustainable value to organizations and society. In doing so, it outlines different solution requirements, the critical success factors and the challenges for solutions and brings logistical performance objectives when implementing a digital business transformation.

Short term effects of contralateral tendon vibration on motor unit discharge rate variability and force steadiness in people with Parkinson's disease.

Vibration of one limb affects motor performance of the contralateral limb, and this may have clinical implications for people with lateralized motor impairments through vibration-induced increase in cortical activation, descending neural drive, or spinal excitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute biceps brachii tendon vibration on force steadiness and motor unit activity in the contralateral limb of persons with Parkinson's disease. Ten participants with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease severity performed a ramp, hold and de-ramp isometric elbow flexion at 5% of maximum voluntary contraction with the more-affected arm while vibration was applied to the distal biceps brachii tendon on the contralateral, less-affected arm. Using intramuscular fine wire electrodes, 33 MUs in the biceps brachii were recorded across three conditions (baseline, vibration, and post-vibration). Motor unit recruitment & derecruitment thresholds, discharge rates & variability, and elbow flexion force steadiness were compared between conditions with and without vibration. Coefficient of variation of force and discharge rate variability decreased 37 and 17%, respectively in post-vibration compared with baseline and vibration conditions. Although the motor unit discharge rates did not differ between conditions the total number of motor units active at rest after de-ramp were fewer in the post-vibration condition. Contralateral tendon vibration reduces MU discharge rate variability and enhances force control on the more affected side in persons with Parkinson's disease.

Challenges and opportunities in testing sensorimotor processing with tendon vibration and transcranial magnetic stimulation in subacromial impingement syndrome: A case series.

Non-invasive neurostimulation like muscle tendon vibration (VIB) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can provide valuable insights on mechanisms underlying sensorimotor dysfunctions. However, their feasibility in the context of painful musculoskeletal disorders like shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) remain uncertain. The present work used a case series design including 15 participants with SIS, as well as a secondary group-based analysis comparing participants with SIS to 15 healthy counterparts. Proprioceptive processing was tested by VIB-induced kinesthetic illusions of shoulder abduction, and TMS tested corticospinal excitability of the upper trapezius. Detailed individual data were collected, including any technical challenges and feasibility issues encountered. VIB was in general well-tolerated and elicited a perceptible kinesthetic illusion in 13 participants with SIS and 14 controls. TMS presented with several challenges related to discomfort, fear-related behaviors, technical problems and high motor thresholds, especially in participants with SIS. It was only possible to collect all TMS measures in 5 participants with SIS (for both the painful and non/less-painful sides), in 7 controls on their dominant side and 10 controls on the non-dominant side. The only significant group-based analysis was a lower illusion speed/amplitude on the painful versus non-painful side in persons with SIS (p = 0.035). Our study provides preliminary data on challenges encountered with TMS and VIB of trunk/proximal muscle in persons with SIS and healthy counterparts. It might help future studies to better address those challenges beforehand and improve the overall feasibility and impact of neurostimulation tools in musculoskeletal disorders.

Comparing Carefully

Abstract A contribution to the Common Knowledge symposium “Caroline Walker Bynum across the Disciplines,” this essay explores the side of Bynum's scholarly personality that may be regarded as comparativist. She is interested in comparison with regard to periods of time, with regard to ritual and gender-based religious practices in the Christian West, and with respect to similarities that might be claimed between elements of Christian and non-Christian cultures. Her thoughts about morphology, materiality, and gender extend beyond medieval Europe to the world at large. Her coedited volume Gender and Religion (1986), the first of its kind, has figured importantly in the development of the field many call comparative religion. Here Bynum's impact on selected scholars of Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh religion — as well as of non-Western Christianity — is assessed. This essay concludes with the text of a response delivered by the author, who is a scholar of Hinduism, to Bynum's Lionel Trilling Lecture at Columbia University, “Am I My Body? Medieval Theories of Bodily Resurrection and Some Modern Implications” (1991).

Was Stephen Timoshenko right about the Jewish scientists in Germany?

AbstractStephen Timoshenko was the author of numerous textbooks on various aspects of applied mechanics, and through them contributed to its rapid development in the world. As always, the community is also interested in the personal side of the scientists. This paper is devoted to a single statement made by Stephen Timoshenko in his autobiographical book. Specifically, it concerns Timoshenko's at least partial “explanation” of the Holocaust that took place during WWII. Whereas Timoshenko's statement constituted, to the present writer, open antisemitism, it does not seem to disturb many researchers who continue to honor him in various ways. “Nonsense is nonsense, but the history of nonsense is scholarship,” according to Saul Lieberman. Hence the present article presents an investigation of Timoshenko's nonsensical and overly antisemitic statement. This author corresponded with a number of historians of science all repudiating Timoshenko's assertions. Most importantly, the correspondents shed additional vivid light on the Holocaust as experienced by Jewish scientists.

Examining the Relationship Between the Bright Side of Personality and Job Satisfaction in Working Pharmacists

Examining the Relationship Between the Bright Side of Personality and Job Satisfaction in Working Pharmacists

Analisis Kepribadian Anak Ekstrovert Menurut Teori Carl Gustav Jung

Personality is a complete set of attitudes, behaviors, thoughts, feelings and values that influence individuals to do things according to their environment. In addition, personality is often interpreted as a prominent trait in a person, for example, a person who has a friendly nature will be a person with a "friendly personality". Personality theory is a combination of teleological and causal views. Human behavior is determined not only by individual racial histories (causality), but also by individual goals and aspirations (teleology). This study aims to determine the personality side possessed by S students at MAN 1 ACEH southeast, using the personality theory according to Carl Gustav Jung.

Early Soviet Forced Labor Construction Bureaus [‘Sharashkas’] as an Experiment of Combining Protective and Mobilization Practices

This paper analyzes the experience and practices of creating in the early 1930s under the auspices of the OGPU the first institutional form of exploitation of the intellectual potential of imprisoned specialists in the scientific and technical field in the form of special technical / constructor bureaus (OTB/OKB), or the so-called ‘sharashkas’. The phenomenon of the emergence of them and the reasons for the relative short-term nature of their existence in the structure of the security agency is considered from three positions: in the hierarchy of authorities and management, ‘sharashkas’ caused a conflict of interests of economic departments with punitive ones; on the institutional side, they did not have the potential for sustainability and prospects for development; on the personal side, the marginal status of prisoners that arose influenced the creative biographies of scientists. Despite the practice of reviving these bureaus in the future, we made a conclusion about the dysfunctional nature of their formation and activities.

Da li je povezanost između crta mračne tetrade ličnosti i ljubomore posredovana stilovima afektivne vezanosti?

Traits such as psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism are commonly used to describe the dark side of human personality. These traits, collectively known as the dark personality triad (Paulhus, 2014), have been the focus of research by psychologists seeking a more nuanced understanding of negative personality traits. To further explore this subject, researchers have included subclinical sadism, also known as everyday sadism (Buckels et al., 2013), and developed a new classification called the dark tetrad (Međedović & Petrović, 2015). The dark tetrad encompasses various negative traits and characteristics that are associated with personal and social problems, and are considered undesirable (Jonason et al., 2010). The pervasiveness of these personality traits in popular culture and their impact on interpersonal relationships and the workplace (Sedikides et al., 2004) make deeper research into the dark tetrad potentially beneficial for individuals, especially from the perspective of romantic relationships. Previous studies have shown a correlation between dark traits and affective attachment dimensions (Nickisch et al., 2020), as well as between jealousy and affective attachment (Knobloch et al., 2001; Marshall et al., 2013; Karakurt, 2001), supporting the expectation of affective attachment playing a mediating role in this research.

Understanding the dark side of personality in sex offenders considering the level of sexual violence

This study examined the relationship between the actual level of physical violence in sexual offenses and dark triad, empathic and impulsive personality traits of their perpetrators. Sixty-four male perpetrators of sexual offenses without any serious mental illness were included. A 5-point Likert-type coding system based on Violence Profile for Current Offense was applied to assess the severity of physical violence of each sexual offense. Personality traits of dark triad (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism), trait empathy and impulsiveness were also evaluated. Multivariate analyses indicated that non-stranger victim, secondary psychopathy, narcissism and empathy could significantly predict greater involvement of physical violence in a sexual offense. In addition, empathy was negatively correlated with all dark triad traits. Sexual violence should be conceptualized in the form of a continuum, and, considering such an approach, offenders with high secondary psychopathy and narcissism may show preference for sexual assaults that are more violent in nature.

Islam Mazhab Cinta ala Kiai Amin Maulana Budi Harjono Al-Jawi, 1990-2021: Pemikiran Tasawuf Seorang Kiai Sufi

This article discusses the Kiai Amin Maulana Budi Harjono Al-Jawi (hereinafter referred to as Kiai Budi)’s thoughts about sufism, from 1990 to 2021. Kiai Budi was the caretaker of Al-Ishlah Islamic Boarding School, Semarang who was known as a Sufi kiai. Kiai Budi’s important contribution is his ability to translate Sufism ideas that are difficult to be easily understood by common people. Through four stages in the historical method, this research uncovers the factors behind the birth of Kiai Budi’s thought. Interpretation of the personal side of a Kiai Budi and his social actions through a social hermeneutic approach, has revealed the style, substance, and implementation of Kiai Budi’s thoughts which are passionate about Sufism themes. Sufism, which he calls Islam Mazhab Cinta/Islam the School of Love, can be categorized in several aspects, namely monotheism, social relations, Islam and nationality, as well as art and culture. In practice, Kiai Budi’s thoughts have been implemented through the formation of the Sufi Dance group and the Sedulur Caping Gunung Movement.

Expositional discourse and its narrative function in the short prose of I.S. Turgenev

The author explores the expositional discourse and its narrative function in the prose of I.S. Turgenev. The analysis of the lyrical beginning is given as the reason for the special Turgenev exposition, which is a manifestation of the horizons and value consciousness of the author-narrator. It is noticed that it is in lyrical descriptions that the subjective space of the narrator is formed. In Turgenev's prose, there are stories in which the exposition is based on similarities with poems in prose. In such texts, the exposition is only indirectly related to the further development of the plot. It often represents a closed system and functions at the level of metatext and meta-discourse. At this level, the lyrical introduction is designed to affect the spiritual space of the reader. The novelty of the study is given by the conclusions made regarding the cycle "Notes of the hunter". According to them, I.S. Turgenev also has such introductions to the main narrative that do not fit into the "canon". In the stories "Bezhin Meadow", "Date" and others, the exposition implements a specific strategy of the author's narrative. It is as if it is not provided for by the further development of the plot and is a pure product of lyrical and philosophical contemplation of nature. It is a reflection of the subjective perception of the hero-narrator. On its basis, an idea of the world and space belonging to the innermost side of the spiritual personality of the writer is formed. The natural images in the exposition part of the stories are artistically comprehended in the categories of "eternity", opposing the "temporary" plan of human existence.

Expensive Political Costs in the 2024 Simultaneous Elections

In Indonesia, the central issue of all elections is the management of election money. This issue creates various consequences for election administrators, voters, and voters, so increasing monetary policy practices also becomes a major issue in every election administration. The amount of money circulating in the 2024 election will likely increase from the 2019 legislative election. This is based on several factors. First, the electoral system and mechanism have not changed since 2019. This means that the personal side of elections, or the orientation of competition, still relies on candidates, not political parties. Second, the direction of the 2024 Pileg contestation is still based on the popularity and personality of the candidates. Third, to be elected, each candidate continues to try to increase his popularity, increase campaign activities, and finance himself.