Personal Sanitation Research Articles

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Scabies in Darul Abror Modern Islamic Boarding School, Kace Village

World Health Organization (WHO) data shows that the prevalence of scabies in 2014 was 130 million people in the world. Scabies or scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation and sensitization. Scabiei hominis variety. The method used is analytical observational with a case control design. The research was conducted on students at the Al Abror Islamic Boarding School, Kace Village, Bangka Regency.The results of the research showed that the highest age of students was 13 years old, 31 people (51%), the highest education was junior high school, 58 people (96.7%), the length of stay at the boarding school for > 1 year was 59 people (98.3%). Respondents who had good knowledge were 55 people (91.7%), 27 people had an agreeable attitude (45%), 51 people had good personal hygiene behavior (85%), 43 people had good sanitation observations (71.7%). Conclusion: researchers, knowledge, attitudes, personal hygiene behavior and environmental sanitation conditions in Islamic boarding schools both have a big influence on the spread of scabies. Students' knowledge about scabies greatly influences the incidence of scabies because knowledge is a very important source that influences students' thinking patterns and decision-making processes, students' lack of knowledge has a big influence on the spread of scabies skin disease.

Risk Factor Analysis of the Incidence of Hepatitis A in Indonesia: A Meta-Analysis

Hepatitis transmission is still a global public health issue, including in Indonesia. Low personal hygiene and environmental sanitation are the contributing factors to hepatitis A. This study aimed to analyze the impact of hand-washing habits, cutlery exchange, food and snack hygiene, and latrine use on the incidence of Hepatitis A. The study used meta-analysis with the PICOS technique. The data from Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Research Gate by looking at keywords such as “risk factors” and “hepatitis A”, which were then sorted according to the inclusion-exclusion criteria and obtained 16 full-text case-control articles. Data analysis used a fixed effect model through JASP software version 0.9.2. The meta-analysis found that hand-washing behavior had a risk of 1.131; food and snack hygiene had a risk of 6.233; the habit of exchanging cutlery had a risk of 10.17; and latrine utilization had the highest risk of 12.935 for the incidence of hepatitis A. The study found that the use of latrines is the most significant factor in the occurrence of hepatitis A due to open defecation. Furthermore, exchanging cutleries is rated as the second factor triggering hepatitis A transmission, followed by the consumption of snacks or other foods. The study also found that hand-washing behavior has the lowest risk of hepatitis A incidence. The study concludes that hand-washing behavior, latrine utilization, food and snack hygiene, and exchanges of cutlery increase the risk of hepatitis A at different levels. It is suggested that behavioral factors such as hand washing, the use of closed latrines, and the consumption of healthy snacks or foods are essential measures to educate the community about hepatitis A and reduce its transmission within the population.

Socioecological systems analysis of potential factors for cholera outbreaks and assessment of health system’s readiness to detect and respond in Ilemela and Nkasi districts, Tanzania

BackgroundCholera outbreaks are a recurrent issue in Tanzania, with Ilemela and Nkasi districts being particulary affected. The objective of this study was to conduct a socio-ecological system (SES) analysis of cholera outbreaks in these districts, identifying potential factors and assessing the preparedness for cholera prevention and control.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in Ilemela and Nkasi districts of Mwanza and Rukwa regions, respectively in Tanzania between September and October 2021. A SES framework analysis was applied to identify potential factors associated with cholera outbreaks and assess the readiness of the districts to cholera prevention and control.ResultsIlemela is characterised by urban and peri-urban ecosystems while Nkasi is mainly rural. Cholera was reported to disproportionately affect people living along the shores of Lake Victoria in Ilemela and Lake Tanganyika in Nkasi, particularly fishermen and women involved infish trading. The main potential factors identified for cholera outbreaks included defecation in the shallow ends and along the edges of lakes, open defecation, bathing/swimming in contaminated waters and improper waste disposal. The preparedness of both districts for cholera prevention and response was found to be inadequate due to limited laboratory capacity, insufficient human resources, and budget constraints.ConclusionPeople of Ilemela and Nkasi districts remain at significant risk of recurrent cholera outbreaks and the capacity of the districts to detect the disease is limited. Urgent preventive measures, such as conducting considerable community awareness campaigns on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation are needed to alleviate the disease burden and reduce future cholera outbreaks.

Scabies education and detection at Raudlatul Musthofa junior high school

Scabies is a skin disease endemic in tropical and subtropical climates that is highly contagious and generally affects groups of people with low socioeconomic conditions, poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This activity aimed to make efforts to prevent, provide education, and assist public health development so that it is expected to improve public health in boarding schools students. This study aims to make efforts to prevent, provide education, and assist public health development so that it is expected to improve public health in boarding schools. The sample to be analyzed was 19 students from Raudlatul Junior High School. Examination of parasites that cause scabies is done with a skin swab. The results of observations that have been made of Raudlatul Musthofa Junior High School students show that the majority of students have carried out personal hygine well, namely all 19 students (100%) bathing at least twice a day using soap, keeping hands and feet clean, and changing clothes when dirty. A total of 14 students (74%) do not exchange personal items such as towels, do not take turns in clothes, and do not dry clothes in the room. A total of 15 students (79%) cleaned the bed, 18 students (95%) did not lend toiletries such as soap, and 16 students (84%) did not experience symptoms of frequent itching at night, rashes (spots), wounds, or dry and crusty skin. The results of skin swab examinations on 19 students at Raudlatul Musthofa seen under a microscope obtained as many as 13 students (68%) samples contained bacteria and as many as 6 students (32%) samples contained fungi.

PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT INFEKSI MENULAR MELALUI UPAYA SANITASI DAN HIGIENE PERSONAL UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI DESA TABLOLONG KECAMATAN KUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN KUPANG NTT

Stunting is a chronic deficiency in nutritional status during a child's growth and development period determined from the Z-Score value of body length for age (PB/U) or height for age (TB/U) <-2 SD. Environmental health from the aspect of poor sanitation and hygiene will trigger digestive disorders which impact nutrition for growth and turn into the body's resistance to infection, thereby risking stunting in toddlers. Implementation of community service is designed in the form of planning service activities, creating health promotion information media, preparing supporting materials and arranging field activities, implementing service activities, and evaluating activities. The results of the service show the level of success that was carried out well and successfully. There is an increase in the level of knowledge of respondents regarding the prevention of infectious diseases through personal hygiene sanitation efforts. This can be seen from the results of the pre and post-test evaluations carried out where the average score of respondents' pre-test results was 87 which increased to 100 when the post-test was carried out. It is recommended that this service model can be implemented for different targets and locations. It is recommended that health workers provide outreach with practical and effective educational methods related to sanitation and hygiene so that the public can understand the importance of maintaining a healthy environment to avoid the occurrence of infectious diseases that have an impact on stunting.

Penerapan Personal Hygiene, Sanitasi Peralatan, dan Sanitasi Lingkungan pada Pedagang Nasi Goreng: Studi Kasus Pada Pedagang Nasi Goreng di Kota Balikpapan

The importance of maintaining cleanliness and health is carried out to avoid the dangers of pollution and contamination and prevent various types of diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe personal hygiene, equipment sanitation, and environmental sanitation for fried rice seller. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, using data collection methods through field observations, in-depth interviews, and the results of documentation. The respondents used were Artomoro fried rice seller who had at least 3 months work experience and were directly involved in handling food. Based on the results of observations, it was found that employees had not properly implemented personal hygiene, such as not using aprons, gloves and head coverings. For the use of equipment is good enough, and store equipment in a clean place. In the selling area, trash is still scattered on the terraces of the stalls, moldy walls and trash cans with open conditions, but trash bins are routinely cleaned by changing the plastic waste every day.

Eco-Friendly and COVID-19 Friendly? Decreasing the Carbon Footprint of the Operating Room in the COVID-19 Era.

Surgery is one of the most energy-intensive branches of healthcare. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced surgical volumes, infection control protocols have increased the ecological footprint of surgery owing to the extensive use of personal protective equipment, sanitation, testing and isolation resources. The burden of environmental diseases requiring surgical care, the international commitment towards environmental sustainability and the global efforts to return to the pre-pandemic surgical workflow call for action towards climate-friendly surgery. The authors have searched the peer-reviewed and gray literature for clinical studies, reports and guidelines related to the ecological footprint of surgical care and the available solutions and frameworks to reduce it. Numerous studies concede that surgery is associated with a high rate of energy utilization and waste generation that is comparable to major non-medical sources of pollution. Recommendations and research questions outlining environmentally sustainable models of surgical practices span from sanitation and air quality improvement systems to the allocation of non-recyclable consumables and energy-efficient surgical planning. The latter are particularly relevant to infection control protocols for COVID-19. Paving the way towards climate-friendly surgery is a worthy endeavor with a major potential to improve surgical practice and outcomes in the long term.

A Review on Initiatives for Promoting Better Menstrual Hygiene Practices and Management in India.

Management of hygiene during menstruation is severely affected by the continued existence of several societal, cultural, and religious restrictions on menstruation and menstruation practices. Since they are frequently unprepared and unaware of their periods, especially in rural regions of the country, girls face a variety of hurdles and problems at home, in school, and at work. We observed from examining the studies that managing menstrual hygiene is affected by a lack of personal sanitation and inadequate, erroneous, or partial understanding of menstruation. Women either possess zero or minimal knowledge about genital infections, which are caused by poor personal hygiene during menstruation. Women in rural areas frequentlylack access to sanitary items and have inadequate understanding of their sorts and applications, or cannot afford the high cost of such products. Females in rural areas must use washable cotton pads because of this, which they must use repeatedly. The requirements and desires of teenage girls and women continue to be disregarded, despite substantial developments in the water and sanitation industries. Menstrual products are disposed of in domestic garbage and public facilities when women are outside, while they are flushed down toilets at home without considering the risk of choking. Because of this, there should be a need to inform and educate individuals about the health risks and environmental problems connected to them. Reduced trash may be achieved by using modern techniques like incineration. Therefore, the importance of using natural or reusable sanitary products should be emphasized.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hygiene in Hindu Society of Chunikhel, Lalitpur

Every religion and culture has its ideas about purity, cleanliness, and what constitutes good physical, personal, and mental cleanliness. The current Hindu society of today stands the same knowledge and customs, but they view hygiene from a different angle. Personal hygiene and sanitation are taken as significant aspects linked to Hindu society. Purity, faith, ritual, and cleanliness in Hindu society are based on the Hindu scriptures related to sanitation and hygiene patterns and the main objective of cleanliness and regular practice in the current society. The study is based on Hindu men and women above 35 years old. The study considers sanitation and hygiene in numerous aspects, including religion, social prestige, self-satisfaction, health, etc. The study includes toilet use, personal hygiene, safe drinking water, and household hygiene as variables. While sanitation and hygiene are prioritized in Hinduism, the modern Hindu community is evolving to recognize not only religious but also physical, social, and psychological well-being. The respondents had high knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good behavior about sanitation and hygiene. Hindu society has internalized and practiced sanitation and hygienic behavior from both religious and health perspectives. The Hindu community also agrees with the new approach to the relationship between Hindu rituals and hygiene and sanitation.

The Prevalence of Trichuriasis in School-age Children in Asia: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Trichuris trichiura, hookworms, and Ascaris lumbricoides are known as soil-transmitted helminths that commonly infect humans. Transmission is more common in areas with poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine available information on the prevalence of T. trichiura infection in school-age children in Asia. This information can be used for additional studies to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for T. trichiura infection locally that can inform regional control programs and look at laboratory examination techniques to diagnose this parasite disease. Methods: Multiple databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched for literature on the trichuriasis prevalence published from 2011 to January 2021. Results: A total of 13,836 studies were identified through database searches. The included studies represent 16 countries, with the highest number of study conducted in Yemen. Conclusions: The prevalence of trichuriasis in school-age children was found to vary widely by country. The Kato-Katz technique was commonly used to detect T. trichiura eggs in school-age children in Asia. Health sector should implement surveillance programs, particularly in countries with high infection prevalence. Educational programs aimed at improving personal hygiene and environmental sanitation to decrease trichuriasis transmission.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DENGAN DEMAM THYPOID DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEMALARAJA KABUPATEN OKU

Disease, in an area depends on the presence of humans who understand the environmental conditions suitable for the life of disease-causing microorganisms. environmental hygiene, sanitation and poor personal hygiene are factors that can increase the spread of diseases, especially typhoid. Factors related to the incidence of typhoid fever are related to clean and healthy living behavior, such as the quality of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation and the lack of public knowledge that does not support a healthy life. The research method uses a cross sectional design. Data are analyzed using the Chi-square test. The population of the entire Kemalaraja Village community is 389 people. The sample taken is simple random sampling. based on the formula contained in Iwan Ariawan's book (2011). amounting to 193 samples. The results of Univariate analysis of bad hand washing habits were 24.9% of respondents, 75.1% of respondents in the category of good hand washing. The unavailability of landfills was 43 (22.3%) of respondents, 77.7% of respondents had available landfills, 23.3% of respondents had bad knowledge, 76.7% of respondents had good knowledge. The results of the chi square test obtained a p value of 0.000 < (0.05) meaning that there is a significant relationship between hand washing habits and the incidence of typhoid fever, p value 0.000 < (0.05) meaning that there is a significant relationship between landfills and the incidence of fever. typhoid, p-value 0.001 < (0.05). This means that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and the incidence of typhoid.
 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between hand washing habits, trash bins and knowledge with the incidence of typhoid fever

Community and School-Based Surveys of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections on Samosir Island, Indonesia

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common in tropical and sub-tropical regions where they can have substantial local public health impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STH infection in the community and children aged 6 to 11 years attending government-run schools in the Simanindo sub-district of Samosir Island. In total, 314 individuals in the community and 187 children aged 6 to 11 years attending government schools were invited to provide a fecal sample. All fecal samples were examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence of STH infection in the community was 46.8% (147/314). Infections were caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (n=52), followed by Trichuris trichiura (n=48), and hookworms (n=26). The prevalence of STH infection in school-age children was 4.8% in 2023. All infections in this cohort were due to T. trichiura. Even though the MDA program effectively controls A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections in school children, the problem of controlling T. trichiura infection remains. Therefore, selective treatment after fecal sample examination is needed to prevent T. trichiura infection and the potential for infection-associated anemia. Health education focusing on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is still important for preventing STH infections. The suggestion is a new community-based survey with random sampling is necessary to ensure the present prevalence of STH in the community.

Assessing the effectiveness of CBTS in mitigating dengue hemorrhagic fever: A literature review

Dengue virus infection and its severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), is currently the most common and fastest-spreading arthropod-borne diseases. There are still no effective drugs and vaccines that work against DHF. Therefore, avoiding contact with infected vectors through personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is the most feasible way to prevent dengue virus infection. One of the programs designed to prevent environment-based diseases such as DHF is Community-Based Total Sanitation (CBTS). CBTS employs community empowerment in the form of a triggering method that induces a sense of shame within the community if their environment is dirty. Although promising, the use of CBTS is currently underutilized against DHF. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of hygiene and sanitation behaviors that align with the elements of CBTS pillars using a literature review method. Through the screening process, seven articles that matched the criteria were thoroughly reviewed to gather information. Based on the findings of this study, implementing either the 4th or 5th pillar of CBTS leads to a lower risk of contracting DHF.

The Correlation Between Widal Diagnostic Test, Total Leukocyte Count, and Platelet Count in Suspected Typhoid Fever Patients at RS Aura Syifa Kediri

Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease that is related to poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. The diagnosis of typhoid fever is established through laboratory examinations, including serological, hematological, and bacteriological tests. This research aims to determine the correlation between the Widal diagnostic test and the total leukocyte count and platelet count in suspected typhoid fever patients at RS Aura Syifa Kediri. The study design used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The data was collected retrospectively from secondary sources, specifically medical records of patients from August 1, 2021, to March 31, 2022, at RS Aura Syifa Kediri. The total population comprised 157 patients, and a purposive sampling method was used to select 41 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis using the Spearman correlation test resulted in p-values ≥ α = 0.05 for the following correlations: Widal test O with leukocytes (0.538 ≥ 0.05), Widal test H with leukocytes (0.915 ≥ 0.05), Widal test O with platelets (0.476 ≥ 0.05), and Widal test H with platelets (0.965 ≥ 0.05). These findings indicate that there is no significant correlation between the Widal test O and H with the platelet count in patients with typhoid fever. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the Widal test O and H results and the platelet count in typhoid fever patients.

Food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Jordanian women handling food at home during COVID-19 pandemic.

Concerns over food safety issues during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) have sparked worldwide interest. Being part of a farm-to-fork food safety chain, food handlers at home are the final line of defense in reducing foodborne diseases. The present study used a cross-sectional survey to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of women food handlers in Jordan. The survey investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on women who handle food at home in terms of food safety KAP. One thousand one hundred twenty-six respondents completed a food safety questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a mean score of 22.1 points out of 42, the results showed that women who handle food in their houses had insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes, and incorrect practices concerning food safety. The respondents demonstrated high knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the personal hygiene, cleaning and sanitation areas (≥ 60.0%). On the other hand, participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding contamination prevention, health issues that would affect food safety, symptoms of foodborne illnesses, safe storage, thawing, cooking, keeping, and reheating of foods, as well as COVID-19 were all low (< 60.0%). The correlations between participants' total food safety KAP scores and education, age, experience, region, and the pandemic effect on food safety were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first conducted in Jordan to investigate food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices by women handling food at home during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analysis of personal hygiene and food sanitation in food handlers in the canteen of public junior high school 9 Kendari, Kadia sub-district Kendari city in 2022

Background: Incidents of food poisoning are usually caused by ready-to-eat food that has been contaminated with bacteria or microbes. Food poisoning can be caused by poor food handler hygiene during the food processing process. Data released by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, in 2021 there were 256 cases with a total frequency of occurrence of 49 cases. The most cases of food poisoning in the community came from food products, namely 25 cases (51.02%) with a total of 232 sufferers, 1 (one) of whom died. Therefore, it is very important to apply personal hygiene and food sanitation when preparing food, including snacks in the school canteen. Snacks in the school canteen have a very important role in maintaining children's health through the healthy food they sell, but school canteen snacks also have the opportunity to be polluted physically, chemically or biologically. It is because of this that researchers are interested in analyzing the application of personal hygiene and food sanitation for food handlers in the school canteen located at SMPN 9 Kendari canteen by using a qualitative research type. Determination of research informants using purposive sampling with a total of 9 informants studied. Methods: This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach to determine Personal Hygiene and Food Sanitation in food handlers in the Canteen of Public Junior High School 9 Kendari, Kadia District, Kendari City in 2022. The informant selection technique used the sample method using a purposive sampling method with a total of 9 informants. Results: Based on research conducted at 5 canteens at SMPN 9 Kendari, it was found that there were still several aspects that were not in accordance with Permenkes No. 1096/Menkes/Per/VI/2011 concerning Jasaboga Sanitation Hygiene. The non-compliance referred to, for example, is that there are still food handlers who do not use complete PPE when processing food, lack of storage places for food or finished food, inappropriate food covers and no cover when food is served. If you look at it as a whole with reference to the applicable regulations regarding food processing starting from the selection of food ingredients to serving food, then all canteens have not complied with or are in accordance with these regulations because each canteen studied still has some deficiencies in every aspect. Conclusion: Not all of the implementation of personal hygiene and food sanitation in the 5 canteens of SMPN 9 Kendari has been carried out properly according to Permenkes No. 1096/Menkes/Per/VI of 2011 by food handlers. The five canteens still do not follow food processing guidelines, starting from sorting food ingredients to serving finished food. The disadvantages of each canteen are different, for example there are canteens that do not have a place to store food or finished food, there are canteen owners who do not use complete PPE when processing food, and so on.

Environmental enteropathy and its association with water sanitation and hygiene in slum areas of Jimma Town Ethiopia.

Environmental Enteropathy is an inflammatory condition of the gut that leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction. It is a common problem in resource-limited countries and results from exposure to larger quantities of fecal bacteria to poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Due to poor intestinal permeability, there is a problem with absorption of nutrients, which in turn leads to growth faltering, poor cognitive development, and oral-vaccine failure. The aim of this study was to identify the children with an elevated lactulose to mannitol ratio (indicative of possible environmental enteropathy) and its association with water sanitation and hygiene in slum areas of Jimma Town so as to mitigate the problem of malnutrition in under-five children. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from January to April 2021. A Lactulose mannitol test was performed to determine the prevalence of elevated lactulose to mannitol ratio (possibly environmental enteropathy) in children aged 12 to 59 months. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) indicators and sociodemographic characteristics. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to isolate independent predictors for possible environmental enteropathy. All tests were two-sided and statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. The results of this study showed that 19.3% (95%CI: 14.8-23.7) of children had an increased lactulose to mannitol ratio (>0.15). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the variables drinking water from unimproved water sources (AOR 3.741; 95%CI: 0.914-15.310,p = 0.048), unsafe coverage of water storage (AOR 0.363; 95%CI: 0.169-0.777, P = 0.009), public latrine utilization (AOR 0.139 95%CI: 0.024-0.816, P = 0.029),and hand washing less than 3 critical time of hand washing practices (AOR 4.369;95%CI: 1.411-13.524,P = 0.011) were significantly associated with an increased in lactulose mannitol ratio (possible indicative of intestinal permeability/environmental enteropathy). This study showed that one fifth of under-five children in Jimma Town had an elevated lactulose to mannitol ratio (possibly environmental enteropathy). The WASH sectors and other governmental organizations should give emphasis to areas with poor water sanitation and hygiene to mitigate the problem of environmental enteropathy and related consequences like growth faltering, poor cognitive development, and oral-vaccine failure in the study area.

The Relationship between Knowledge and Attitudes of Food Handlers with the Implementation of Food Hygiene Sanitation at Restaurants in Minas District in 2022

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Food and drink are the most important necessities of life and have the potential to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Factors that influence food quality are the behavior of food handlers in the application of personal hygiene and food sanitation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of food handlers and the application of food sanitation hygiene in restaurants in Minas District. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional research design. The location in the research is a restaurant in Minas District. The time of this research was conducted from March to May 2022. The research population was all food handlers at restaurants in Minas District, 18 restaurants in Minas District consisting of 36 food handlers. The sampling technique is total sampling. The sample in this study were 36 people. The type of data in this study is primary data obtained by direct observation Primary data obtained from surveys to locations in restaurants in Minas District and direct interviews with respondents using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data collection was carried out by direct observation and interviews with food handlers using a questionnaire. Data analysis with chi square test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of food handlers and the application of food sanitation hygiene (p-value = 0.005) and there was a significant relationship between the attitudes of food handlers and the application of food sanitation hygiene (p-value = 0.002). It is recommended that food handlers should wash their hands with soap and running water before doing work, wear masks and not chat while processing food.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: Attitude, Food Handlers, Hygiene, Knowledge, Sanitation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Customer preference in food vendor during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of university student

The canteen is the public place that sells and serves foods and drinks to the consumer. The study aimed to determine the attributes considered important for the consumer to select the food vendor during the COVID-19 pandemic at the BINUS University, Alam Sutera Campus canteen. The study was conducted by using conjoint analysis in which respondents were Bina Nusantara University students (n = 100) who had visited and consumed food in the canteen of BINUS University, Alam Sutera Campus. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the crucial attributes for the consumer to select the food vendor. Nowadays, the attributes with the highest to the lowest importance values are personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, price, and food freshness. Therefore, the respondent will consider buying food from food vendors that promote their staff’s hygiene, such as wearing masks, gloves, head covering, and washing hands. Besides, the respondents preferred the food vendor with a clean display window, within the price of 20.000 – 25.000 IDR, and freshly-cooked food.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik Sanitasi dan Higiene Perorangan pada Siswa SMK

Background: Sanitation and personal hygiene through the School Health Effort aims to improve students' ability to live a healthy life and health status, as well as create a healthy school environment in an effort to form healthy Indonesian people. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, the role of parents and the role of the school with sanitation and personal hygiene practices. Methods: This type of research is explanatory research to explain the relationship between research variables through hypothesis testing. The research subjects were students of PP Assyyafiiyah Vocational School, Kendal Regency. Collecting data using a questionnaire. Sampling with simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis of Product Moment correlation. Results: : The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene and sanitation practices of students (r = 0.566; p = 0.000), there was a relationship between attitudes and personal hygiene and sanitation practices of students (r = 0.823; p = 0.000), there was a relationship between parental roles and sanitation and personal hygiene practices of students (r = 0.754 ; p = 0.000), there is a relationship between the role of schools and sanitation and personal hygiene practices of students (r = 0.698; p value = 0.000). Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes, parental roles and school roles have a significant relationship with individual sanitation and hygiene practices.